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average-value model for Voltage-Source Converters With Direct Interfacing in EMTP-Type Solution

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2023年第3期38卷 2231-2234页

作者： Ebrahimi, Seyyedmilad Jatskevich, Juri Univ British Columbia Elect & Comp Engn Dept Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

average-value models (AVMs) of high-frequency switching voltage-source converters (VSCs) are indispensable for fast/efficient simulation of VSC-based power systems. However, in EMT/EMTP-type programs large simulation time-steps cannot be utilized with conventional non-iterative interfacings of AVMs due to numerical inaccuracy/instability as a result of a one-time-step interfacing delay. In this letter, a directly-interfaced AVM has been developed for the VSCs which eliminates the interfacing delay and allows large time-steps. This is achieved by formulating the AVM in the nodal form that is solved simultaneously with the overall network nodal equations. The new proposed model is demonstrated to outperform the existing AVMs of VSCs in terms of accuracy at fairly large time steps.

关键词： average-value model direct interfacing HVDC interfacing nodal simulation VSC

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Constant-Parameter average-value model of Power-Electronic Voltage-Source Converters With Direct Interface in Electromagnetic Transient Simulators

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年 5卷 1446-1458页

作者： Ebrahimi, Seyyedmilad Vahabzadeh, Taleb Jatskevich, Juri Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99164 USA Univ British Columbia Elect & Comp Engn Dept Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

average-value models (AVMs) of voltage-source converters (VSCs) are widely used as numerically efficient alternatives to their discrete switching models in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations. Recently, a so-called directly-interfaced AVM (DI-AVM) has been developed for VSCs, permitting large simulation time steps favorable for system-level offline and/or real-time studies. Although enabling large step sizes, the conductance/resistance matrix of the DI-AVM is time-varying and needs to be calculated at every simulation time step, which requires additional computational resources. This paper proposes a constant-parameter DI-AVM (CP-DI-AVM) for more efficient simulations of VSC-based power-electronic systems that does not require re-calculation of the network conductance matrix in EMT simulators. This is achieved by using a numerical approximation that only slightly reduces the solution accuracy. The performance of the proposed CP-DI-AVM is demonstrated on a large-scale VSC-based energy conversion system implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC. The proposed CP-DI-AVM is shown to have numerical advantages over the prior DI-AVM and the conventional AVMs of VSCs.

关键词： Power conversion Converters Numerical models Voltage Switches Matrix converters Computational modeling average-value model conductance constant-parameter EMT interfacing nodal simulation time step VSC

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Medium voltage DC distribution system simulation based on average-value model

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ENERGY REPORTS 2021年 7卷 141-146页

作者： Xiao, Xiaolong Wang, Jianhua Li, Shuo Gao, Shang Southeast Univ 2 Sipailou Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co LTD Res Inst 1 Pavel RD Nanjing 211103 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co LTD Maintenance 56 Suyaun RD Nanjing 211100 Peoples R China

Transient simulations with of DC distribution system based on switch model (SM) are computationally expensive because of a large number of switching events in power electronics converters. As an alternative, average-value model (AVM) replaces the switch with controlled source, which can effectively improve the simulation efficiency. This paper takes a typical double-ended DC distribution system as an example and introduces the key equipment selected in the system. Then AVMs of corresponding equipment are given. The DC distribution system based on AVM and SM is built respectively in the PLECS software. The simulation result shows that simulation based on AVM can effectively reflect the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the system and greatly improve the simulation speed, which can provide an effective and fast reference for the stable operation of DC distribution system in different working modes. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： DC distribution system MVDC average-value model Simulation

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The modeling and Control of E-router Based on average-value model 4

The Modeling and Control of E-router Based on Average-value ...

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4th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)

作者： Jiang Binkai Kong Lingdong Guo Liangmei He Chao Nie Pengchen Qiu Mingyi Shanghai Municipal Elect Power Co State Grid Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781728157047

ISBN: (纸本)9781728157047

E-routers (E-router) are the core equipment of the energy Internet (El), so it is necessary to study various control strategies based on the E-routers. Electromagnetic transient simulation is an important tool to study the control strategies of E-routers. However, each E-router contains multiple converters, and each converter contains multiple power electronic devices. At the same time, pulse width modulation technology is used. Both the power electronic devices and the modulation technology will increase mathematical calculation of the E-router system. Therefore, an average-value model of the E-router is proposed to replace the detailed model to simplify the simulation system. A single-input multiple-output (SIMO) E-router simulation system is built on the MATLAB/Simulink and simulated. The simulation results show that the system dynamic responses of the average-value model are highly consistent with the detailed model, and the average-value model greatly speeds up the system simulation and improves the simulation efficiency.

关键词： E-router Electromagnetic transient simulation average-value model Simulation efficiency

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average-value model of micro gas turbine systems and its application to online validation of service restoration schemes

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2018年第15期2018卷 779-784页

作者： Hong, Zeqi He, Jinghan Xu, Yin Tao, Lingyun Wang, Xiaojun Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

Distributed generators (DGs) within distribution systems can be used as emergency sources to restore critical loads during a major outage caused by extreme events. Since the capacity of DGs is limited, the dynamic performance of DGs needs to be validated by simulations before executing restorative strategies. Currently, many DGs use power electronic converters for grid connection. Therefore, electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation is needed to study their transient characteristics for feasibility evaluation of service restoration plans. However, the detailed models of converters, which model each individual switch, are time consuming for EMT simulation, unsuitable for the purpose of online validation. This study first develops a simplified model of micro gas turbine (MTG). Then the dynamic average-value modelling technique is used to construct the average-value model (AVM) of grid-connected converters. Finally, the MTG generation system model is integrated into a distribution system model for feasibility evaluation of restoration strategies. A radial test system including three MTG generation systems is utilised to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The numerical simulation results indicate that compared with the detailed model, the AVM improves the efficiency of simulation while still accurately predicts the transient behaviours of MTG generation systems. The proposed model is applicable for the online validation of restoration strategies.

关键词： power grids power convertors distributed power generation power electronics power engineering computing power system restoration gas turbines power distribution reliability power system simulation power system transients power distribution faults power distribution control average-value model microgas turbine systems online validation service restoration schemes distributed generators distribution systems emergency sources critical loads dynamic performance restorative strategies power electronic converters grid connection electromagnetic transient simulation transient characteristics feasibility evaluation EMT simulation simplified model dynamic average-value modelling technique grid-connected converters MTG generation system model distribution system model restoration strategies radial test system MTG generation systems numerical simulation results detailed model

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average-value modeling of Line-Commutated Inverter Systems With Commutation Failure

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2022年第4期37卷 2805-2817页

作者： Hong, Zeqi Ebrahimi, Seyyedmilad Xu, Yin Jatskevich, Juri He, Jinghan Beijing Jiaotong Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Univ British Columbia Elect & Comp Engn Dept Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Line-commutated converters are extensively used as the interface between ac grids and classic HVDC systems. At the inverter side, commutation failure of switches is one of the most common faults that can pose threats to the system operation. Practical and reliable study of such phenomena relies on accurate and efficient converter models for simulations. Recently, a parametric average-value model (PAVM) has been presented for ac-dc rectifiers, which considers the internal faults of the converter. In this paper, the PAVM methodology is extended to the dc-ac inverter systems, including the commutation failure of switches. The proposed PAVM also augments an automatic fault detection technique to determine the faulty switches. Using comprehensive simulation studies, the developed model is verified to accurately predict the commutation failure of switches and reconstruct the waveforms consistent with the detailed switching models of inverters while being computationally more efficient. The proposed PAVM is envisioned to be an efficient and accurate asset for simulation of HVDC systems and inevitable when faults of switches need to be considered.

关键词： average-value model commutation failure electromagnetic transient line-commutated inverter simulation

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average-value modeling of Line-Commutated AC-DC Converters With Unbalanced AC Network

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2021年第4期36卷 3533-3544页

作者： Ebrahimi, Seyyedmilad Amiri, Navid Jatskevich, Juri Univ British Columbia Elect & Comp Engn Dept Vancouver BC V6T 174 Canada

AC-DC line-commutated converters (LCCs) are widely utilized in existing and emerging ac-dc power systems. Analysis of such systems under balanced and unbalanced conditions is often carried out using electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation programs. Therein, the detailed switching models of LCCs are often the computational bottlenecks for system-level studies. Recently, the parametric average-value models (PAVMs) have been developed to achieve fast and efficient simulations of switching converters. In this paper, the PAVM methodology is extended to consider operation of LCCs under unbalanced conditions in the ac network. This is done in the extended PAVM by formulating the ac-side harmonics in positive and negative sequences as well as the dc-side harmonics (i.e., ripples) with respect to the ac network imbalance. The new PAVM is validated experimentally and by simulations, and is demonstrated to be accurate in reconstructing the ac and dc waveforms under unbalanced conditions in the ac network. Meanwhile, the proposed PAVM is computationally much faster than its detailed switching model counterpart.

关键词： Harmonic analysis Computational modeling Switches Power system dynamics Vehicle dynamics Load modeling Time-domain analysis AC-DC converter average-value model line-commutated parametric simulations unbalanced conditions

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Direct Interfacing of Parametric average-value models of AC-DC Converters for Nodal Analysis-Based Solution

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2022年第4期37卷 2408-2418页

作者： Ebrahimi, Seyyedmilad Atighechi, Hamid Chiniforoosh, Sina Jatskevich, Juri Univ British Columbia Elect & Comp Engn Dept Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Powerex Corp Vancouver BC V6C 2X8 Canada

AC-DC converters are widely used in many power-electronic-based systems. There is an increasing need to simulate such systems using larger time-steps in offline and/or real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT or EMTP) simulators. The so-called parametric average-value models (PAVMs) have been developed to allow larger time-steps and provide fast simulations. However, the application of PAVMs in nodal-analysis-based EMTP programs typically requires a one-time-step delay between the interfacing sources and the network solution (i.e., indirect interfacing), causing inaccuracy and numerical instability at medium-to-large time-steps. This paper presents a direct interfacing method for PAVMs of line-commutated rectifiers (LCRs). The proposed method linearizes the PAVM interfacing equations and incorporates the respective sub-matrices and history terms into the network nodal equations, which eliminates the need for a time-step delay. Simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in EMTP-type solution wherein very good accuracy and numerical stability is achieved at fairly large time-steps, which has not been previously possible with conventional methods.

关键词： Ac-dc converters average-value model direct interfacing discretization EMTP simulation nodal analysis

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Direct Interfacing of average-value models of VSCs in PSCAD/EMTDC

Direct Interfacing of Average-Value Models of VSCs in PSCAD/...

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IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)

作者： Ebrahimi, Seyyedmilad Vahabzadeh, Taleb Jatskevich, Juri Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665463188

Voltage-source converters (VSCs) are widely utilized in power systems. Due to their high-frequency switching, discrete detailed models of VSCs are computationally expensive in system-level simulations, and their average-value models (AVMs) have proven indispensable for fast/efficient studies. Conventional AVMs of VSCs use dependent current/voltage sources to interface with external circuits. In PSCAD/EMTDC, with a non-iterative solution, the interfacing variables are computed based on the values of the input voltages/currents from the previous time-step. This one-time-step delay can make the results numerically inaccurate/unstable when large time-steps are used in simulations. In this paper, an AVM is developed for VSCs that is directly interfaced with external circuits without delays to allow large time-step. This is done by formulating the equivalent conductance matrix of the VSC AVM which is merged into (and solved simultaneously with) the rest of the network nodal equations. The new directly-interfaced AVM of VSCs is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC against the classic dependent-source-based AVM and is demonstrated to outperform the existing approach in terms of numerical accuracy at large time-steps.

关键词： average-value model conductance matrix interfacing nodal numerical simulation VSC

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Comparison and Selection of Grid-Tied Inverter models for Accurate and Efficient EMT Simulations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第3期37卷 3462-3472页

作者： Sano, Kenichiro Horiuchi, Shuntaro Noda, Taku Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Tokyo 1528552 Japan Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind Grid Innovat Res Lab Yokosuka Kanagawa 2400196 Japan

This article compares five modeling methods of grid-tied inverters for the electromagnetic transient simulation of power system, clarifies their differences, and discusses the suitable model for each simulation purpose. The comparison was made under the same conditions between the conventional switching model, and four simplified models-voltage interpolation, average-value, controlled current-injection, and simplified current-injection model. The comparison of the simulated waveforms clarifies the behaviors that can be simulated and cannot be simulated by each simplified model. The comparison of the computing time reveals the significant decrease of the computing time by selecting the proper simplified modeling method. Based on these comparisons, this article discusses the selection of the modeling methods for each simulation purpose to perform simulations accurately and efficiently.

关键词： Integrated circuit modeling Computational modeling Inverters Analytical models Switches Power systems Power system stability average-value model current-injection model electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation grid-tied inverter voltage interpolation (VI) model

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