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A bi-level programming model for optimizing location, capacity, and pricing decisions of origin warehouses in an agricultural supply chain

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APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 2025年 145卷

作者： Gao, Yiwen Wang, Xifu Yang, Kai Ma, Junchi Jiang, Lijun Luo, Qin Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Traff & Transportat Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Syst Sci Beijing 100044 Peoples R China East China Jiaotong Univ Sch Transportat Engn Nanchang 330013 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Management Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Shenzhen Technol Univ Coll Urban Transportat & Logist Shenzhen 518118 Peoples R China

As new infrastructures for the "first mile" in an agricultural supply chain, origin warehouses are highly valued and supported for reducing the loss of agricultural products. With this regard, we develop a bi-level programming model for optimizing the construction and operation of agricultural product origin warehouses. Specifically, the upper-level supply chain enterprise makes decisions regarding the location, capacity, and pricing of the origin warehouses, while the lowerlevel planters focus on determining the sales allocation plan of agricultural products to various origin warehouses to maximize their profits. To deal with the computational complexity of proposed model, we first divide the original problem into three subproblems related to the location, operation of origin warehouse and sales allocation plan of planters. Subsequently, we develop a hybrid adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm combined with the heuristic rulebased mechanism and the gurobi solver. Taking the Shilin area of Yunnan, China as a case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The numerical results indicate that the construction of origin warehouses follows a "1 + N" layout strategy, featuring one larger core warehouse and N smaller warehouses, thereby balancing both logistics efficiency and cost. In addition, these origin warehouses attract higher quality agricultural products by adopting tiered pricing and premium-for-quality strategies, which benefit both the agricultural supply chain company and the planters.

关键词： Agricultural supply chain First mile Origin warehouse bi-level programming Hybrid heuristic algorithm

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A bi-level programming model for inter-city charging station location with heterogeneous range anxiety

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ENERGY 2025年 316卷

作者： Hu, Dingding Zhou, Kaile Lu, Xinhui Hefei Univ Technol Sch Management Hefei 230009 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Key Lab Proc Optimizat & Intelligent Decis Making Minist Educ Hefei 230009 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Anhui Prov Key Lab Philosophy & Social Sci Smart M Hefei 230009 Peoples R China

With the rapid expansion of electric vehicles, the distribution of charging stations is inadequate to meet travel demands, especially for long-distance trips. In this situation, determining the optimal distribution of charging stations within the road network can boost the adoption of electric vehicles and alleviate drivers' range anxiety. Therefore, this study focuses on the location problem of electric vehicle charging stations, the aim of which is to identify an optimal set of charging station locations while minimizing electric vehicle drivers' range anxiety. The problem is formulated as a bi-level programming model. To solve the model, an efficient algorithm integrating the partial enumeration algorithm into the genetic algorithm is proposed to reduce the solution space. Experimental results based on the Nguyen-Dupuis network and the Anhui expressway network validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that deploying more charging stations can effectively reduce drivers' range anxiety. Electric vehicles with insufficient driving range will increase their reliance on charging stations and drivers will choose more expensive routes.

关键词： Electric vehicle charging Charging station location bi-level programming Range anxiety Partial enumeration algorithm

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A study of bi-level programming matching for telemedicine services considering third-party regulation 24

A study of bi-level programming matching for telemedicine se...

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Proceedings of the 2024 5th International Conference on big Data Economy and Information Management

作者： Siqi Hu Zhiting Liu Dandan Yu Hainan Guo College of Management Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong China Information Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711862

To optimize the allocation of medical resources and address the poor matching outcomes caused by asymmetric information between patients and telemedicine experts in telemedicine service matching, this study incorporates third-party regulation into the matching model. Based on prospect theory, the dynamic change in each participant's reference point under third-party regulation is described. Additionally, bi-level programming theory is used to construct a bi-level matching decision model led by the patient and assisted by the primary care doctor and telemedicine expert, enabling scientific matching that meets the patient's personalized needs. The findings indicate that the introduction of third-party regulation effectively balances the workload of telemedicine experts, enhances satisfaction for both experts and patients, and improves the expert-patient matching compatibility. It is recommended that primary care doctors be encouraged to play a regulatory role in matching, implement quantitative and scientific regulation strategies, and regularly optimize the regulation process. The research results expand the application of prospect theory and bi-level programming in matching and provide a reference for the development and long-term application of telemedicine service matching.

关键词： bi-level programming

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bi-level programming for supplier selection under quantity discount policy

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SCIENTIA IRANICA 2017年第4期24卷 2095-2104页

作者： Zaheri, F. Zandieh, M. Taghavifard, M. T. Islamic Azad Univ Sci & Res Branch Dept Ind Engn Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Fac Management & Accounting Dept Ind Management Tehran Iran Allameh Tabatabai Univ Coll Management & Accounting Tehran Iran

This paper proposes two models to formulate a Supplier Selection Problem (SSP) in a single-buyer, multi-supplier two-echelon supply chain network. The model coordinates order allocation and supplier selection problems under all-unit quantity discount policy. In this way, bi-level programming is employed to obtain two models: 1) The model with buyer as a leader;2) The model with vendor as a leader. The resulted nonlinear bi-level programming problems are hard to solve. Therefore, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to deal with the complexity of the model and makes it solvable. Numerical results show that the proposed model is efficient for SSP in compliance with order allocation decision making. (C) 2017 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supply chain bi-level programming Supplier selection PSO

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bi-level programming-Based Optimal Strategy to LSEs with Demand Response bids

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ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2018年第18期46卷 1926-1937页

作者： Ding, Tao Yang, Qingrun Jiang, Jiangfeng Yang, Yongheng Blaabjerg, Frede Li, Yaohong Ju, Yuntao Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Engn State Key Lab Elect Insulat & Power Equipment Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Aalborg Denmark State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China China Agr Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing Peoples R China

As a profit-seeking market participant, load serving entities (LSEs) have been trying to apply demand response (DR) programs to induce the demand elasticity to further their profit. However, due to the different preference of DRs, it is difficult for LSEs to generate the optimal strategic bidding strategy in the ISO/RTO's market. Therefore, this paper proposed a bi-level optimization model considering DR bidding to maximize the total profit of LSEs: conceptually, the consumers participate DR through setting their bidding prices to LSEs with respect to their own preference and LSEs should determine the optimal reward value of DR as well as the amount of demanded electricity;technically, an original method has been implemented to solve the bi-level optimization model. The closed form of shadow price function with respect to the total load demand is derived to reduce the complexity. Hence, the proposed model is converted to a mixed integer second order cone programming and able to achieve the global optimality. It needs to be note that the closed form of shadow price introduced in this paper can also be applied to other bi-level programming models. Moreover, case studies have been performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

关键词： demand response mixed integer second-order cone programming optimal strategy bi-level programming load serving entities (LSEs)

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bi-level programming FOR EMERGENCY BLOOD TRANSSHIPMENT-ALLOCATION CONSIDERING SUBSTITUTION AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH EVENTS

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JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION 2024年第8期20卷 2697-2718页

作者： Cheng, Jiahao Zhou, Yufeng Teo, Kok lay Chongqing Technol & Business Univ Sch Management Sci & Engn Chongqing 400067 Peoples R China Chongqing Technol & Business Univ Res Ctr Econ Upper Reaches Yangtze River Chongqing 400067 Peoples R China Sunway Univ Sch Math Sci Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia

. The emergence of major public health crises, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, has significantly impacted the blood supply chain. We developed a bi-level programming model for emergency blood transshipment-allocation under this scenario, based on a cross-regional blood transshipment allocation network with a hierarchical structure. Our model considers emergency allocation, blood acceptability limits, blood type substitution relationships, hierarchical relationships among scheduling networks, and cross-regional and multi-modal transportation. The upper-level objective of our model is to minimize the total system cost, which includes shortage and substitution penalties. The lowerlevel objective is to maximize blood allocation satisfaction while considering demand urgency and blood type substitution. A primal-dual algorithm based on complementary relaxation conditions is established to solve the transformed model. The efficacy of our proposed model and solution strategy is validated through numerical calculations.

关键词： bi-level programming public health events blood shortage blood substitution primal-dual algorithm

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bi-level programming Model for Dynamic Reversible Lane Assignment

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IEEE ACCESS 2018年 6卷 71592-71601页

作者： Lu, Ting Yang, Zhongzhen Ma, Dongfang Jin, Sheng Ningbo Univ Fac Maritime & Transportat Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Inst Marine Sensing & Networking Zhoushan 316021 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Civil Engn & Architecture Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China

To improve the space utilization and traffic capacity of a signalized junction, this paper proposes a dynamic reversible lane assignment method for approaches of signalized junctions that consider the game equilibrium between road users and traffic controllers. To theoretically analyze the behaviors of the players involved in the leader-follower strategic game, a bi-level programming model is established. To minimize the total queue length of approaches at signalized junctions, the upper model dynamically optimizes the reversible lane assignments and can be solved with the enumeration method or the Monte Carlo algorithm. The lower model outputs the traffic assignment at road sections using a Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium model that is solved by the method of successive averages. The general impedance of road section in lower model consists of the road travel time cost and the intra-time cost at the signalized junction connected with current road section. In addition, the interaction between the two levels is simulated in an iterative optimization procedure. Finally, this paper uses two numerical experiments to validate the proposed approach.

关键词： bi-level programming queue length reversible lane stochastic user equilibrium traffic engineering

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bi-level programming model for solving distribution center problem: A case study in Northern Thailand's sugarcane management

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2017年 103卷 26-39页

作者： Saranwong, Supalin Likasiri, Chulin Chiang Mai Univ Fac Sci Dept Math Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

Distribution center (DC) problems in supply chain networks are studied to find the cost of transporting products from multiple plants to customers through DCs. One of the goals of this undertaking is to distribute products from plants to customers in a way that meets customer's needs while minimizing transportation cost. The distribution center problem in this work is represented by a bi-level programming model where the upper- and lower-parts are to find the minimum transportation cost of shipping products from plants to DCs and from DCs to customers, respectively. This work presents four algorithms to find an optimum balance between the objective function values of the two levels. The computational experiments are constructed to test the performances of all proposed algorithms. In less than 10 min, the proposed algorithms can find solution for a problem with as many as 300 plants, 1000 DCs and 3500 customers (300 x 1000 x 3500), while the optimal solution for the bi-level problem can be found via CONOPT solver for problem with up to (70 x 200 x 500) in 90 min. Simulation results show less than 6% optimality gaps of the bi-level problem via the proposed algorithms and less than 7% gaps of the single level problem. In addition, all presented algorithms are used to find solutions for the network representing the sugarcane management system of Lampang and the network for 10 provinces, including Lampang, in Northern Thailand. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can reduce the total transportation cost of the bi-level programming problem where the steepest descent algorithm developed is better than the other alternatives. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distribution center bi-level programming Sugarcane management

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bi-level programming model for multi-modal regional bus timetable and vehicle dispatch with stochastic travel time

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CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第1期20卷 401-411页

作者： Wei, Ming Sun, Bo NANTONG Univ Sch Transportat Nantong 226019 Peoples R China Univ Auckland Dept Civil & Environm Engn Auckland 92019 New Zealand

Public transit can be interrupted by emergencies, which can prevent vehicles from completing a trip on time, making travel times stochastic variables. In this paper, an uncertain bi-level programming model for multi-modal regional bus timetables and vehicle dispatch is presented by assuming travel times follow normal distribution based on GPS data for automatic bus station system. The lower model studies coordinating the timetables in regional bus transit with multiple modes of transport, by considering transfers between buses and buses, subways, special passenger lines with intersecting routes. The upper model assigns trips from several routes to buses located at different depots to minimize operating costs;some restrictions such as parking capacity are considered in this model. A group of feasible solutions generated by the lower level plan is provided for input into the upper level plan in order to compare their best solutions. The lower and upper solutions are calculated using the Estimation ofDistributionAlgorithm, which defines the satisfactory degree of the solutions to reduce their search space to find optimal scheme quickly.

关键词： Regional coordinating bus timetable Vehicle dispatch Stochastic travel time bi-level programming Heuristic algorithm

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bi-level programming model of truck congestion pricing at container terminals

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JOURNAL OF AMbiENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING 2019年第1期10卷 385-394页

作者： Zhang, Hao Zhang, Qian Chen, Wenhao Beijing Technol & Business Univ Sch Business Beijing Peoples R China Dalian Maritime Univ Sch Transportat Management Dalian Peoples R China

Port traffic network design is different from urban traffic flow. Port truck congestion, one of the critical port traffic network design problems, is discussed in this paper. To alleviate the truck congestion in container terminals, issues of modeling truck congestion pricing are addressed. A bi-level programming model is developed to determine the optimal toll rates. The upper level model is to minimize the average truck waiting time by optimizing toll rates of different periods. The lower level is user equilibrium model in which each truck driver chooses its arrival time according to the toll strategy of upper level model. The feedback of upper-level and lower-level model forms the optimal toll strategy. To solve the model, a method based on memetic heuristic is designed. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed model and algorithm. Results indicate that congestion toll can decrease truck's queuing time effectively. The developed toll pricing model reflects the benefit of truckers and terminal operators, which promotes the use of toll as an efficient tool to alleviate the truck congestion and improve the terminal efficiency.

关键词： Traffic network design Container terminal Congestion pricing Truck management bi-level programming

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