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PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF CHROMOSOMAL BANDING-PATTERNS AMONG THE NEARCTIC ARVICOLIDAE (MAMMALIA, RODENTIA)

SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 1987年第2期36卷 109-136页

作者： MODI, WS UNIV ILLINOIS DEPT ECOL ETHOL & EVOLUT URBANA IL 61801 USA

Numerical phylogenetic analyses of G-banded karyotypes were carried out for 22 species of arvicolids belonging to eight genera with diploid numbers among the species ranging from 18 to 64. Interspecific karyotypic comparisons indicate that 38 homologous autosomes or autosomal arms are shared by two or more species. The additional presence of 33 unique elements and 141 euchromatic rearrangements account for the extensive interspecific karyotypic variability. Ten different types of rearrangements were documented with centric fusion (27.0%), tandem fusion (14.2%) and pericentric inversion (12.8%) being the most abundant. Chromosomes and chromosomal rearrangements were quantitatively coded as present, absent, or missing in the karyotype of each species and the resulting data matrix (22 species by 214 karyotypic characters) subjected to cladistic analyses (with Peromyscus as an outgroup). Six analyses were executed where chromosomal rearrangements were weighted equal to or less than the weights assigned entire chromosomes. Families of equally parsimonious trees were obtained and subsequently distilled into Adams-2 consensus estimates. Consistency indices ranged from 0.75 to 0.84 with reversals accounting for 2-30% of all homoplastic events. Systematically, Clethrionomys, Lemmus, Synaptomys, Lagurus, Neofiber, and six species of Microtus share generally primitive autosomal complements;however, four derived characters suggest a relationship between M. ochrogaster and M. pinetorum. Six other species of Microtus (townsendii, pennsylvanicus, breweri, montanus, cancicaudus and the more distant oregoni) share a number of derived characters. Dicrostonyx, Phenacomys, M. longicaudus, and M. oeconomus each possess a series of uniquely derived characters that tend to isolate these lineages. Chromosomal collocations support those derived from paleontology, comparative morphology, and protein electrophoresis in certain respects by not in others. Comparisions of zoogeographic distribut

关键词： Arvicolidae chromosomal evolution phylogenetic reconstruction speciation binary coding character weighting homoplasy

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GENETIC ALGORITHMS-BASED DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF STATISTICAL QUALITY-CONTROL PROCEDURES

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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1993年第9期39卷 1972-1978页

作者： HATJIMIHAIL, AT HLTH CTR PROSOTSANE MICROBIOL LAB GR-66200 PROSOTSANE GREECE

In general, one cannot use algebraic or enumerative methods to optimize a quality-control (QC) procedure for detecting the total allowable anaLytical error with a stated probability with the minimum probability for false rejection. Genetic algorithms (GAs) offer an alternative, as they do not require knowledge of the objective function to be optimized and can search through large parameter spaces quickly. To explore the application of GAs in statistical QC, I developed two interactive computer programs based on the deterministic crowding genetic algorithm. Given an analytical process, the program ''Optimize'' optimizes a user-defined QC procedure, whereas the program ''Design'' designs a novel optimized QC procedure. The programs search through the parameter space and find the optimal or near-optimal solution. The possible solutions of the optimization problem are evaluated with computer simulation.

关键词： COMPUTER SIMULATION DETERMINISTIC CROWDING binary coding ERROR DETECTION STATISTICAL PROCESS MONITORING

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The Mapping Between Hand Motion States Induced by Arm Operation and Surface Electromyography 1

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15th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE) held as part of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International)

作者： Hou, Tingting Qian, Chen Lu, Yanyu Fu, Shan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9783319911229

ISBN: (纸本)9783319911229;9783319911212

The mental workload has been playing more and more important role in air transportation industry. And the level of mental workload has apparent link to the human operational performance. To explore the human operational performance, relationship between the states of muscles of the forearm and Surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals induced by specific motion modes should be studied first. In this paper, the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, palmaris longus and biceps brachii of the right forearm are selected as the source of the sEMG signals according to the anatomy. The sEMG signals of these muscles were obtained in a specific and real experimental environment. A method of binary coding was applied to deal with the sEMG. The result of experiment shows that sEMG signals have strong ability of recognizing different hand movements. But only using the parameter of time domain can we hardly distinguish hang gestures.

关键词： Mental workload Human performance Surface EMG binary coding

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binary encoding of multiplexed images in mixed noise

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2008年第9期27卷 1323-1332页

作者： Lalush, David S. N Carolina State Univ Dept Biomed Engn Raleigh NC 27695 USA Univ N Carolina Raleigh NC 27695 USA

binary coding of multiplexed signals and images has been studied in the context of spectroscopy with models of either purely constant or purely proportional noise, and has been shown to result in improved noise performance under certain conditions. We consider the case of mixed noise in an imaging system consisting or multiple individually-controllable sources (X-ray or near-infrared, for example) shining on a single detector. We develop a mathematical model for the noise in such a system and show that the noise is dependent on the properties of the binary coding matrix and on the average number of sources used for each code. Each binary matrix has a characteristic linear relationship between the ratio of proportional-to-constant noise and the noise level in the decoded image. We introduce a criterion for noise level, which is minimized via a genetic algorithm search. The search procedure results in the discovery or matrices that outperform the Hadamard S-matrices at certain levels of mixed noise. Simulation of a seven-source radiography system demonstrates that the noise model predicts trends and rank order of performance in regions of nonuniform images and in a simple tomosynthesis reconstruction. We conclude that the model developed provides a simple framework for analysis, discovery, and optimization of binary coding patterns used in multiplexed imaging systems.

关键词： binary coding Hadamard spectroscopy mixed noise multiplexing

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Impact of crossover and decision variable coding forms on the performance of genetic algorithm optimization:: A case study on pump and treat remediation design 20

Impact of crossover and decision variable coding forms on th...

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20th International Conference/Euro Mini Conference on Continuous Optimization and Knowledge-Based Technologies (EurOPT 2008)

作者： Guengoer-Demirci, Gamze Aksoy, Ayseguel Middle E Tech Univ Dept Environm Engn TR-06531 Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9789955282839

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are robust methods applied especially for complex optimization problems. However, selection of some GA parameters may play a vital role on the efficacy of the method. This study investigates the impacts of crossover type and form of coding on the performance of optimization by genetic algorithms. For this purpose, two pump-and-treat remediation design problems were considered with different levels of complexity determined by the number of decision variables. The efficiencies of GA for these problems were compared for two different crossover operators (two-point and uniform) and decision variable coding forms (binary and gray). First problem seeks the best pump and treat system design by optimizing the location of the pumping wells and pumping rate at active wells while minimizing the system cost. The second problem is simpler such that it aims to minimize the remediation time while achieving the cleanup goals for a fixed remediation policy. Results show that uniform crossover operator outperforms two-point crossover and gray coding is superior to binary coding for the complex problem with higher number of decision variables. On the other hand, when a simpler problem was solved, the efficiency of GA was independent of the crossover and coding types.

关键词： optimization genetic algorithms uniform crossover two-point crossover binary coding gray coding

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BING: Binarized Normed Gradients for Objectness Estimation at 300fps 27

BING: Binarized Normed Gradients for Objectness Estimation a...

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27th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Cheng, Ming-Ming Zhang, Ziming Lin, Wen-Yan Torr, Philip Univ Oxford Oxford OX1 2JD England Boston Univ Boston MA 02215 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479951178

Training a generic objectness measure to produce a small set of candidate object windows, has been shown to speed up the classical sliding window object detection paradigm. We observe that generic objects with well-defined closed boundary can be discriminated by looking at the norm of gradients, with a suitable resizing of their corresponding image windows in to a small fixed size. Based on this observation and computational reasons, we propose to resize the window to 8 x 8 and use the norm of the gradients as a simple 64D feature to describe it, for explicitly training a generic objectness measure. We further show how the binarized version of this feature, namely binarized normed gradients (BING), can be used for efficient objectness estimation, which requires only a few atomic operations (e.g. ADD, BITWISE SHIFT, etc.). Experiments on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset show that our method efficiently (300fps on a single laptop CPU) generates a small set of category-independent, high quality object windows, yielding 96.2% object detection rate (DR) with 1,000 proposals. Increasing the numbers of proposals and color spaces for computing BING features, our performance can be further improved to 99.5% DR.

关键词： Objectness binary coding detection proposals realtime saliency visual attention

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Digital Noncoherent Demodulation of "Integrally" Coded Phase-Shift Keyed Signals

Digital Noncoherent Demodulation of "Integrally" Coded Phase...

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International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON)

作者： Glushkov, Alexey N. Litvinenko, Vladimir P. Matveev, Boris V. Chernoyarov, Oleg V. Voronezh State Tech Univ Dept Radio Engn Voronezh Russia Natl Res Univ MPEI Dept Radio Engn Devices & Antenna Syst Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383837

We consider the advanced digital noncoherent demodulator of "integrally" coded binary phase-shift keyed signals. This demodulator requires carrying out the minimum simple arithmetic operations over the input signal period. We study its noise immunity, and we show that for relatively short codes " integrally" demodulation leads to considerable gain in comparison with step-by-step demodulation and subsequent decoding with error correction. We present demodulator engineering feasibilities by means of digital signal processors, or with the use of modern programmable logic devices.

关键词： phase-shift keying demodulation digital noncoherent processing binary coding

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Eliminating positional dependency in binary representation via redundancy

Eliminating positional dependency in binary representation v...

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IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence

作者： Cheong, C. Y. Chiam, S. C. Goh, C. K. Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn 4Engn Dr 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407033

Recent studies show that evolutionary algorithms are effective optimization tools for their success in solving real-world problem with complex and competing specifications. Although their performances are greatly influenced by the type of representation adopted, this choice often arises from intuition and guesswork due to the absence of proper guidelines and framework. This paper considers binary representation and presents a study on the key factors that affect its algorithmic performance. Subsequently, an encoding scheme is proposed to resolve the problem of positional dependency in binary coding, which is the commonly used genotype-phenotype mapping for this representation. This is achieved by introducing redundancy into the genotype-phenotype mapping, which will better preserve the similarities between the genotype and phenotype search space by resolving the exponential orderings between the alleles. Theoretical analysis and empirical study were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the proposed representation.

关键词： genetic algorithms search problems binary coding binary representation encoding scheme exponential orderings genotype-phenotype mapping positional dependency search space

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Optimization Decision Algorithm for Water Resource Allocation and Scheduling in Large-scale Water Supply Networks 24

Optimization Decision Algorithm for Water Resource Allocatio...

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International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Digital Applications (MIDA)

作者： Su, Yang Guo, Songming Yan, Jun ShenZhen Water Grp Shenzhen 518001 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400718144

With the acceleration of urbanization and population growth, water resource management is facing increasingly severe challenges. Especially in large-scale water supply networks, how to efficiently, fairly, and sustainably allocate and dispatch water resources has become a key issue. Therefore, this article proposes an optimization decision algorithm for water resource allocation and scheduling in large-scale water supply networks. When delving into the problem of water resource allocation and scheduling, it is necessary to first comprehensively consider the key factors of social, economic, and environmental dimensions, and establish a scientific and reasonable objective function. Consider the water supply capacity, transmission capacity, and water demand capacity of each region as constraints. The binary genetic algorithm is used to transform the allocation and scheduling problem of water resources into a binary coding form. Through iterative optimization of the initial population, genetic, mutation, crossover and other mechanisms, the optimal solution is found in the search space. Through experimental verification, this method can reasonably allocate water resources, ensure water supply security in various regions, improve the balance of the water supply network, and reduce water resource waste and loss.

关键词： binary genetic algorithm Water allocation Water scheduling binary coding Optimal decision-making algorithm

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A Fast Feature Matching Algorithm Based on Multi Scale Spatial Segmentation Technology

A Fast Feature Matching Algorithm Based on Multi Scale Spati...

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2nd International Conference on Mechanical Design and Power Engineering (ICMDPE 2013)

作者： Li, Shurong Huang, Yuanyuan Hu, Zuojin Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Inst Comp Sci & Tech Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Coll Special Educ coll arts & Sci Nanjing Jiangsu 210038 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038350019

SIFT (Scale invariant feature transform) and correlative algorithms are now widely used in content based image retrieval technology. They compute distance and use neighbor algorithm to look for the optimal matching couples. The disadvantage of such way is high complexity, especially when huge amount of images need to be retrieved or recognized. To solve this problem, a new matching way based on feature space division under multi-scale is proposed. The algorithm will divide the feature space under multiple scales, so that those feature points which are located in somewhere can use a code to represent, and finally realize the matching through the code. Without calculating distance, the algorithm complexity is greatly reduced. Experiments show that, the algorithm keeps the matching accuracy and greatly enhance the efficiency of the matching at the same time.

关键词： Feature Matching Space Division Multi Scale binary coding

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