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Minimising number of sensors in wireless sensor networks for structure health monitoring systems

IET WIRELESS SENSOR SYSTEMS 2019年第2期9卷 94-101页

作者： El-Qawasma, Farah AbdelMutaleb Elfouly, Tarek Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hossam Qatar Univ Comp & Sci Dept POB 2713 Doha Qatar Mem Univ Newfoundland Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn St John NF A1C 5S7 Canada

Sensor placement optimisation is an important problem in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Many researchers solve this problem by focusing only on the network requirements, without considering the civil engineering requirements. However, there are researchers that optimise the sensor placement considering network and civil requirements. Unfortunately, those researchers did not address minimising the number of sensors. As a result, in this research we study the problem of minimising the number of sensors for SHM in wireless sensors networks satisfying both civil and network requirements. The authors' contribution in this work is showing the mathematical model of the mentioned problem. Then, solve the problem using different methods: exhaustive search, genetic algorithm (GA), and a numerical iterative algorithm that applies binary search (BS). The problem is solved using different number of sensors as well as different placements in many conducted experiments. The obtained results showed that minimising the number of sensors becomes more significant with big structures. Furthermore, the BS algorithm is the best to use to solve the problem for small buildings. However, for larger buildings, there is a trade-off between the performance, and time complexity, where the BS gives optimal solution, but GA gives better time execution.

关键词： wireless sensor networks condition monitoring genetic algorithms iterative methods structural engineering mathematical analysis search problems minimisation time complexity binary search algorithm BS algorithm numerical iterative algorithm GA genetic algorithm exhaustive search method mathematical model energy consumption civil network requirements civil engineering requirements SHM structural health monitoring sensor placement optimisation structure health monitoring systems wireless sensor networks

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Routing Lookup algorithm Performance Analysis and Research

Routing Lookup Algorithm Performance Analysis and Research

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International Conference on Materials Science and Technology

作者： Wei, Xianmin Weifang Univ Comp & Commun Engn Sch Weifang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037850152

This paper describes several current routing lookup algorithms, to study and nalysize the complexity and operating practical performance of these routing lookup algorithms. The results show that although the binary search algorithm is not greatly improved in the searching performance, but in IPv6 environment, because searching performance of multi-branch Trie tree will decrease greatly, thus the superiority of binary search algorithm will be reflected better.

关键词： multi-branch Trie tree binary search algorithm prefix expansion step width hash table

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Simultaneous Sensor and Actuator Selection/Placement through Output Feedback Control

Simultaneous Sensor and Actuator Selection/Placement through...

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American Control Conference

作者： Nugroho, Sebastian Taha, Ahmad F. Summers, Tyler Gatsis, Nikolaos Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1 UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA Univ Texas Dallas Dept Mech Engn 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538654286

In most dynamic networks, it is impractical to measure all of the system states;instead, only a subset of the states are measured through sensors. Consequently, and unlike full state feedback controllers, output feedback control utilizes only the measured states to obtain a stable closed-loop performance. This paper explores the interplay between the selection of minimal number of sensors and actuators (SaA) that yield a stable closed-loop system performance. Through the formulation of the static output feedback control problem, we show that the simultaneous selection of minimal set of SaA is a combinatorial optimization problem with mixed-integer nonlinear matrix inequality constraints. To address the computational complexity, we develop two approaches: The first approach relies on integer/disjunctive programming principles, while the second approach is a simple algorithm that is akin to binary search routines. The optimality of the two approaches is also discussed. Numerical experiments are included showing the performance of the developed approaches.

关键词： Sensor and actuator selection and placement static output feedback control mixed-integer nonlinear matrix inequality disjunctive programming binary search algorithm

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binary algorithm for Energy Saving in Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Binary Algorithm for Energy Saving in Low Power Wireless Sen...

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International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (INDEL)

作者： Hodzic, Migdat Muhic, Indira Int Univ Sarajevo Dept Elect & Elect Engn FENS Sarajevo Bosnia & Herceg

ISBN: (纸本)9781509023295

In many systems sensors play an important role in observing environment and collecting data. This paper explains effective algorithm developed for energy savings in low power wireless sensor networks (WSNs).We consider a dynamic network, where sensors are geographically deployed in a field with different trajectories describing behavior of an object that is passing through the sensors field. The aim is to minimize number of sensors participating in object tracking to extend the network lifetime. We show significant energy savings when a binary search algorithm is used for different network scenarios. To support long lifetime of sensors with satisfactory intrusion tracking error, energy-efficient operation is the key, since energy is scarce resource. Our algorithm is suitable for implementation in the context of Internet of Things (IoT), especially in smart and green energy applications, as well as variety of campus and defense applications.

关键词： Low power sensor network binary search algorithm object tracking energy efficiency IoT applications

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A Wide-Range All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop Using Fast-Lock Variable SAR algorithm

A Wide-Range All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop Using Fast-Lock V...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Chen, Wei-Cheng Yang, Rong-Jyi Yao, Chia-Yu Chen, Chao-Chyun Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10607 Taiwan Yuan Ze Univ Dept Elect Engn Taoyuan 32003 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467350839;9781467350815

This paper presents a wide-operating-range, all digital delay-locked loop (ADDLL) that possesses fast and anti-harmonic lock behavior using a novel fast-lock variable SAR (FVSAR) algorithm. The FVSAR algorithm provides an efficient search sequence for the length-control code of the delay line in the ADDLL. An 11-bit FVSAR ADDLL prototype was fabricated in the TSMC 0.18-mu m CMOS process. The chip's core area is 0.2 mm(2). With 1.6-V supply, the power consumption of the ADDLL chip is less than 10 mW. Compared with the conventional VSAR algorithm, the proposed FVSAR ADDLL reduces the lock time by at least 35% when the input clock frequency is between 66 MHz and 550 MHz.

关键词： Delay-locked Loops Clock Generators binary search algorithm

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Voltage-to-Digital Converter with Event-Driven Charge Redistribution 28

Voltage-to-Digital Converter with Event-Driven Charge Redist...

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IEEE 28th Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel (IEEEI)

作者： Koscielnik, Dariusz Szyduczynski, Jakub Miskowicz, Marek AGH Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479959877

The paper addresses a design of an analog-to-digital converter based on event-driven successive charge redistribution intended to convert signals originated in voltage domain. Since the conversion is realized in charge domain, the sampling is substituted by a linear translation of the continuous-time input voltage to proportional input charge. Two methods of voltage-to-charge translation called respectively voltage-mode and current-mode are discussed in the paper. Furthermore, it is explicitly shown that the conversion adopts binary search algorithm with reducing quantization error by concurrent charge comparison and subtraction.

关键词： Analog-to-digital converter charge redistribution binary search algorithm asynchronous design

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Adaptive N-tree Anti-collision algorithm Based on Collided Bit Collided Bit 3

Adaptive N-tree Anti-collision Algorithm Based on Collided B...

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3rd International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering (ICISCE)

作者： Li Zhiwen Sun Min Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509025350

RFID technology as a non-contact automatic identification technology is increasingly popular this year, which is widely used in vehicle communication. With the help of radio frequency identification technology, we succeed in designing vehicle electronic license (SVET), which will have a wide range of use in vehicle management. The paper focus on the study of anti-collision algorithm, based on the basic binary search algorithm and dynamic 4-tree search algorithm, the adaptive N-tree anti-collision algorithm based on collided bit that we introduced reduce the number of request of reader effectively, which also reduce the total length of binary data transmitted by the labels. The simulation result also shows that the improved algorithm meet the design requirement, it can improve the recognition speed of electronic label effectively.

关键词： Vehicle Electronic License ITS binary search algorithm Improved algorithm

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An Energy and Area Efficient SC SAR ADC Structure Based on Multi Level Capacitor Switching Technique 2

An Energy and Area Efficient SC SAR ADC Structure Based on M...

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2nd International Conference on Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC)

作者： Ghoshal, Pranati Moydudy, M. Hossain, M. Sen, Sunit Kr. Techno India AEIE Dept Kolkata India N Cal Polytech Coll AEIE Dept Kolkata India TCS IT In Charge Kolkata India Univ Calcutta Dept Appl Phys Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509047246

A new capacitor array structure which is both energy and area efficient is presented for a 4 bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed circuit consumes zero energy in the second and third comparison cycles. Significant lowering of energy in the different charge redistribution steps is ensured by applying different voltages in the switching scheme of the various comparison cycles. Besides energy saving to the extent of 98%, a 75% reduction in capacitance is achieved compared to the conventional method.

关键词： Capacitor array energy saving tri-level switching asymmetric monotonic switching binary search algorithm unit capacitor

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A Novel Steganography Approach for Audio Files

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SN Computer Science 2020年第2期1卷 1-13页

作者： Abdulrazzaq, Sazeen T. Siddeq, Mohammed M. Rodrigues, Marcos A. Computer Engineering Department Technical College/Kirkuk Northern Technical University Kirkuk Iraq GMPR-Geometric Modelling and Pattern Recognition Research Group Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield United Kingdom

We present a novel robust and secure steganography technique to hide images into audio files aiming at increasing the carrier medium capacity. The audio files are in the standard WAV format, which is based on the LSB algorithm, while images are compressed by the GMPR technique which is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform and high-frequency minimization encoding algorithm. The method involves compression–encryption of an image file by the GMPR technique followed by hiding it into audio data by appropriate bit substitution. The maximum number of bits without significant effect on audio signal for LSB audio steganography is 6 LSBs. The encrypted image bits are hidden into variable and multiple LSB layers in the proposed method. Experimental results from observed listening tests show that there is no significant difference between the stego-audio reconstructed from the novel technique and the original signal. A performance evaluation has been carried out according to quality measurement criteria of signal-to-noise ratio and peak signal-to-noise ratio. © 2020, The Author(s).

关键词： 2D image compression Audio steganography binary search algorithm DCT LSB Matrix minimization

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Swing-up Control of the Acrobot using Noncollocated Partial Feedback Linearisation: An algorithmic Approach 28

Swing-up Control of the Acrobot using Noncollocated Partial ...

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Pattern-Recognition-Association-of-South-Africa-and-Robotics-and-Mechatronics International Conference (PRASA-RobMech)

作者： De Almeida, Ricardo Nyandoro, Otis Univ Witwatersrand Dept Elect & Informat Engn 1 Jan Smut Ave ZA-2000 Johannesburg South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781538623138

The swing-up control of the Acrobot using non-collocated partial feedback linearisation (NCPFL) has been demonstrated extensively in existing literature, whereby a linear state feedback control law which tracks the upright equilibrium point is designed for the linearised proximal pendulum. This control law cannot be designed for the distal pendulum since the Acrobot is underactuated. The distal pendulum will, however, follow a desirable trajectory towards the upright state so long as the initial angular condition of the distal pendulum (q(2)(0)) and the frequency response of the existing actuator (omega(n)) are finely tuned. There is currently no formalised method of tuning these properties for any specifically configured Acrobot. A novel approach of determining these properties using an adapted binary search algorithm designed to converge on an appropriate set of angular initial conditions for a specified range of omega(n) is thus presented. The accommodation of a full range of swing-up for the proximal pendulum is demonstrated through the selection of a sufficiently large omega(n). The relationship between q(1) (0) and q(2) (0) becomes nonlinear towards the acceptable limits of q(1) (0) when omega(n) is not sufficiently large. Satisfactory NCPFL-related swing-up control is thus demonstrated on an Acrobot described by one specific set of parameters.

关键词： Mechatronic systems Swing-up control binary search algorithm

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