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2nd IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP)

作者： Muna, Niyalatul Rosiani, Ulla Delfana Yuniarno, Eko Mulyanto Purnomo, Mauridhi Hery Inst Teknol Sepuluh Nopember Dept Elect Engn Surabaya Indonesia Inst Teknol Sepuluh Nopember Dept Comp Engn Surabaya Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538609699

Communication between one individual and another can be delivered in different ways, not only through speech, writing and body motions. Communication can also be delivered through basic emotions one feels through visible facial expressions. Facial expressions displayed in the forms of emotional expressions can be demonstrated briefly or quickly, which is known as micro-expression. The subtle motion of micro facial expression in every exchange makes many people find it difficult to identify and recognize the ongoing emotion. Therefore, this study proposes the recognition of micro-expression emotions with estimated subtle motion in the image sequence based on onset-frame, apex-frame, and offset-frame for feature extraction. The method used for feature extraction are the combination of block matching algorithm with Taylor Series Approximation referred to as Subpixel Subtle Motion Estimation (SME). Multiclass Classification process using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Backpropagation and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a comparison. The evaluation results show the best accuracy 85.07%, with the Mean Absolute Error 0.0597 and Root Mean Square Error 0.2443.

关键词： component micro-expressions subpixel subtle motion estimation block matching algorithm taylor series approximation multiclass classification

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An efficient multi-layer reference frame motion estimation for video coding

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2016年第4期11卷 645-661页

作者： Paramkusam, Adapa Venkata Reddy, Vustikayala Siva Kumar JNTUH Malla Reddy Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Hyderabad Andhra Prades India

Most of the fast search motion estimation algorithms reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation (ME) greatly by checking only a few search points inside the search area. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm-multi-layer motion estimation (MME) which reduces the computational complexity of each distortion measure instead of reducing the number of search points. The conventional fast search motion estimation algorithms perform ME on the reference frame with full distortion measure;on the contrary, the MME performs ME on the layers with partial distortion measures to enhance the computational speed of ME. A layer is an image which is derived from the reference frame;each macro-pixel value in the layer represents the sum of the values of the corresponding pixels in the reference frame. A hierarchical quad-tree structure is employed in this paper to construct multiple layers from the reference frame. Experimental results on different video sequences show evidence that many motion vectors have been found similar both in the reference frame and the layers. The effectiveness of the proposed MME algorithm is compared with that of some state-of-the-art fast block matching algorithms with respect to speed and motion prediction quality. Experimental results on a wide variety of video sequences show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other popular conventional fast search motion estimation algorithms computationally while maintaining the motion prediction quality very close to the full-search algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can achieve a maximum of 97.99 % speed-improvement rate against the fast full-search motion estimation algorithms which are based on hierarchical block matching process. The proposed MME performs the motion estimation on the layers by using three types of search patterns. The derivation of these search patterns exploits the characteristic of the center-biased motion vector distribution and that of less intensive block di

关键词： block matching algorithm Motion estimation Multi-layer motion estimation Fast search motion estimation algorithm

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A novel fast search motion estimation boosted by multilayer concept

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2016年第4期75卷 2169-2188页

作者： Paramkusam, A. V. Reddy, V. S. K. JNTUH Malla Reddy Coll Engn Elect & Commun Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India

Most of the fast search motion estimation algorithms reduce the computational cost of motion estimation (ME) greatly by checking only a few search points inside the search area by using full distortion measure. This paper proposes multi-layer motion estimation (MME) which employs partial distortion as its distortion measure to reduce the number of computations involved in each search point instead of reducing the number of search points. The MME, first, constructs the layers from the reference frame so as to facilitate the calculation of partial distortion measures on the layers. Later, it searches motion vectors by computing the partial distortion measures on the layers. A layer is an image which is derived from the reference frame such that the summation of a block of pixels in the reference frame determines the point of a layer. It has been noticed on different video sequences that many motion vectors on the layers are the same as those searched on the reference frame. Experimental results on a wide variety of video sequences show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other popular conventional fast search motion estimation algorithms computationally while maintaining the motion prediction quality very close to the full-search algorithm.

关键词： block matching algorithm Motion estimation Multi layer motion estimation Fast search algorithm

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On the Adaptive Motion Estimation in Video Coding Based on Video Content Analysis 5

On the Adaptive Motion Estimation in Video Coding Based on V...

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International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

作者： Kattula, Shyamala Dasari, Mallesham Osmania Univ Dept Comp Sci Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509020287

In this paper, we propose a novel, efficient and fast motion estimation (ME) algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The proposed work is based on video content that gives us the provision to select a best macro block mode and suitable search pattern for a given slice of the video frame. Each frame is divided into multiple slices based on a tiered scene labelling mechanism and a suitable search pattern is estimated for each slice by investigating texture of the slice. The inter space distance between a macro block in current frame to the candidate macro block in the previous frame is calculated for all the macro blocks in a slice, to find the block movement factor (BMF) which identifies a appropriate search pattern for that slice. Also, the disparity between the neighbouring blocks is measured for each slice to predict the mode to be considered for block matching in next frame. The experimental analysis is performed with x265 video codec, which shows considerable amount (20%) of improvement in compression performance.

关键词： Video coding Motion Estimation block matching algorithm Content Analysis

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SUB-PARTITION REUSE FOR FAST OPTIMAL MOTION ESTIMATION IN HEVC SUCCESSIVE ELIMINATION algorithmS 23

SUB-PARTITION REUSE FOR FAST OPTIMAL MOTION ESTIMATION IN HE...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Trudeau, Luc Coulombe, Stephane Desrosiers, Christian Univ Quebec Ecole Technol Super Dept Software & IT Engn Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399616

In the context of motion estimation (ME) for video coding, the rate-constrained successive elimination algorithm (RC-SEA) safely eliminates candidate motion vectors while preserving the optimal candidate chosen by the block matching algorithm (BMA). This paper describes a technique for reusing ME information from rectangular to square prediction units in order to reduce the search area without altering the optimal candidate chosen by the BMA. Our experiments show that, on average, when this optimization is combined with the RCSEA in the HEVC HM encoder reference software, the number of sum of the absolute differences (SAD) operations drops by 94.9%, resulting in a speedup of 6.13x in full search mode. Although identical coding decisions cannot be guaranteed when multiple optimal solutions exist, the average impact on BD-PSNR is 0.0002 dB.

关键词： Successive elimination algorithms block matching algorithm Motion estimation HEVC

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Temporal Video Frame Interpolation using New Cubic Motion Compensation Technique 11

Temporal Video Frame Interpolation using New Cubic Motion Co...

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11th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications (SPCOM)

作者： Ghutke, Ragina VNIT Nagpur Dept ECE Nagpur Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509017461

Increasing frame rates by temporal frame interpolation is one of the main challenge in modern video processing. Recent studies on frame interpolation mainly focused on getting true motion vectors, but along with that assigning motion vectors accurately is also an important issue. In this paper we have proposed a new Cubic Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation algorithm which generates a frame by properly assigning motion vectors. In conventional motion compensated frame interpolation algorithm two consecutive frames are considered for motion estimation to get motion vectors. In this paper, use of cubic interpolation technique have been done, which considers four successive frames through which three different motion vectors are calculated. For evaluation average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and average Structural Similarity (SSIM) are taken into consideration to compare the proposed algorithm with the conventional algorithm. It is found that proposed algorithm outperforms over conventional motion compensated frame interpolation algorithm. From numerical value it can be observed that the proposed algorithm has achieved around 3dB improvement in terms of average PSNR and an increase of around 5% of average SSIM. Simulation results demonstrate performance compared to existing algorithm on different video sequences with various frame size.

关键词： Temporal Domain Interpolation Motion Estimation Frame Rate Up- Conversion Motion Compensation block matching algorithm Structural Similarity

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A NOVEL block-matching MOTION ESTIMATION algorithm BASED ON MULTI-LAYER CONCEPT

A NOVEL BLOCK-MATCHING MOTION ESTIMATION ALGORITHM BASED ON ...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)

作者： Paramkusam, A. V. Reddy, V. S. K. JNTUH Elect & Commun Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India JNTUH MRCET Elect & Commun Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479947614

Most of the fast search motion estimation algorithms reduce the computational cost of motion estimation greatly by checking only a few search points inside the search area by using full distortion measure. This paper proposes a multi-layer motion estimation which employs partial distortion as its distortion measure to reduce the number of computations involved in each search point instead of reducing the number of search points. A layer is an image which is derived from the reference frame such that the sum of a block of pixels in the reference frame determines the point of a layer. It has been noticed on different video sequences that many motion vectors on the layers are the same as those searched on the reference frame. Experimental results on a wide variety of video sequences show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other popular conventional fast search motion estimation algorithms computationally while maintaining the motion prediction quality very close to the full-search algorithm.

关键词： block matching algorithm motion estimation multi layer motion estimation fast search algorithm

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Customized Nios II multi-cycle instructions to accelerate block-matching techniques

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Conference on Real-Time Image and Video Processing

作者： Gonzalez, Diego Botella, Guillermo Garcia, Carlos Baese, Anke Meyer Baese, Uwe Meyer Prieto-Matias, Manuel Univ Complutense Madrid Dept Comp Architecture E-28040 Madrid Spain Florida State Univ Dept Comp Sci Tallahassee FL 32310 USA Florida State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Tallahassee FL 32310 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628414905

This study focuses on accelerating the optimization of motion estimation algorithms, which are widely used in video coding standards, by using both the paradigm based on Altera Custom Instructions as well as the efficient combination of SDRAM and On-Chip memory of Nios II processor. Firstly, a complete code profiling is carried out before the optimization in order to detect time leaking affecting the motion compensation algorithms. Then, a multi-cycle Custom Instruction which will be added to the specific embedded design is implemented. The approach deployed is based on optimizing SOC performance by using an efficient combination of On-Chip memory and SDRAM with regards to the reset vector, exception vector, stack, heap, read/write data (. rwdata), read only data (. rodata), and program text (. text) in the design. Furthermore, this approach aims to enhance the said algorithms by incorporating Custom Instructions in the Nios II ISA. Finally, the efficient combination of both methods is then developed to build the final embedded system. The present contribution thus facilitates motion coding for low-cost Soft-Core microprocessors, particularly the RISC architecture of Nios II implemented in FPGA. It enables us to construct an SOC which processes 50x50 @ 180 fps.

关键词： Computer Vision Optical Flow MPEG Compression block matching algorithm NIOS II FPGA Custom Instructions Embedded Systems

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Low Power block matching Using Pattern based Pixel Truncation 58

Low Power Block Matching Using Pattern based Pixel Truncatio...

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IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Choi, Minsu Kim, Kyung Rae Chang, Ik Joon Kim, Jinsang Kyung Hee Univ Dept Elect & Radio Engn Yongin South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781467365574

A power efficient block matching algorithm is proposed using pattern based pixel truncation scheme. Our observation shows that during block matching, if we represent the block matching process as a one-dimensional signal, we can see clearly that the signal has repeated mountain-and valley-like regions. Utilizing this feature, the proposed low power block matching scheme truncates pixels except the pixels of the valley-like SAD values, which have high chance to be the minimum SAD value. We synthesized the proposed algorithm to measure the switching power dissipation. The results show that the proposed BMA architecture obtains at least 76% power saving with negligible coding performances.

关键词： Pixel truncation block matching algorithm VLSI implementation motion estimation SAD

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"Stick-Shaped Window Search (SSWS)" block matching algorithm for Motion Vector Estimation

"Stick-Shaped Window Search (SSWS)" Block Matching Algorithm...

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IEEE 10th International Conference on Signal Processing

作者： Enomoto, Tadayoshi Kobayashi, Nobuaki Chuo Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Informat & Syst Engn Course Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1120881 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458981

To significantly reduce the number of block-matching (BM) processes in motion vector estimation for HDTV, we have developed an extremely fast block matching (BM) algorithm that we call a "Stick-Shaped Window Search (SSWS)" BM algorithm for H.264/AVC. The algorithm consists of three steps: (1) sub-sampling BM in a reduced number of stick-shaped windows, (2) alternate eight-direction sub-sampling BM, and (3) cyclic small-diamond BM. For HDTV the algorithm not only improves full search (FS) processing speed by a factor of up to 2,716, but also that of a simplified unsymmetrical-cross multi-hexagon-grid search (S-UMHS) by a factor of up to 7.87, while achieving the same visual quality as that of FS.

关键词： H.264/AVC HDTV block matching algorithm block matching processes cyclic small diamond block matching high definition television image sampling motion estimation motion vector estimation stick shaped window search subsampling block matching video coding

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