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2nd International Workshop on Pattern Recognition

作者： Rajani, P. K. Khaparde, Arti Pimpri Chinchwad Coll Engn Dept Elect & Telecommun Engn Pune Maharashtra India Maharashtra Inst Technol Dept Elect & Telecommun Engn Pune Maharashtra India

ISBN: (数字)9781510613515

ISBN: (纸本)9781510613508;9781510613515

Error Concealment (EC) is a technique at the decoder side to hide the transmission errors. It is done by analyzing the spatial or temporal information from available video frames. It is very important to recover distorted video because they are used for various applications such as video-telephone, video-conference, TV, DVD, internet video streaming, video games etc. Retransmission-based and resilient-based methods, are also used for error removal. But these methods add delay and redundant data. So error concealment is the best option for error hiding. In this paper, the error concealment methods such as block matching error concealment algorithm is compared with Frequency Selective Extrapolation algorithm. Both the works are based on concealment of manually error video frames as input. The parameter used for objective quality measurement was PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and SSIM(Structural Similarity Index). The original video frames along with error video frames are compared with both the Error concealment algorithms. According to simulation results, Frequency Selective Extrapolation is showing better quality measures such as 48% improved PSNR and 94% increased SSIM than block matching algorithm.

关键词： Error concealment block matching algorithm Frequency Selective Extrapolation PSNR SSIM

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Side Information Generation Using Optical Flow and block matching in Wyner-Ziv Video Coding 21

Side Information Generation Using Optical Flow and Block Mat...

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2014 21st IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Taheri, Y. Mohammad Ahmad, M. Omair Swamy, M. N. S. Concordia Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479942428

In this work, a new algorithm to generate high quality side information in Wyner-Ziv video coding is proposed. A block-matching algorithm is incorporated into the forward and backward optical flow and warping algorithms to find the forward and backward motion fields that are used for frame interpolation. Also, a symmetric optical flow algorithm for the purpose of frame interpolation is obtained by parameter modification in the energy functional of an optical flow algorithm. The average of the interpolated frames estimated using the forward/ backward motion fields and symmetric flow is used to provide a high quality side information frame for decoding of the corresponding Wyner-Ziv frame in the Wyner-Ziv video coding problem. The proposed algorithm significantly improves the quality of the side information frames compared with those provided by the advanced block matching frame interpolation in the typical Wyner-Ziv video codecs. Simulation results showing significant improvements in side information quality and rate-distortion performance in Wyner-Ziv video coding are provided.

关键词： image matching interpolation motion estimation video coding Wyner-Ziv frame Wyner-Ziv video coding advanced block matching frame interpolation backward motion fields backward optical flow block matching algorithm energy functional forward motion fields forward optical flow forward-backward motion fields frame interpolation interpolated frames optical flow optical flow algorithm parameter modification side information frames side information generation Codecs Decoding Interpolation Optical imaging PSNR Vectors Video coding Video coding Optic Flow frame interpolation Parameter modification Interpolation block matching codecs DECODING image matching Peak signal-to-noise ratio Optical Imaging motion estimation

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The gray prediction search algorithm for block motion estimation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1999年第6期9卷 843-848页

作者： Jou, JM Chen, PY Sun, JM Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan

Due to the temporal and spatial correlation of the image sequence, the motion vector of a block is highly related to the motion vectors of its adjacent blocks in the same image frame. If we can obtain useful and enough information from the adjacent motion vectors, the total number of search points used to find the motion vector of the block may be reduced significantly, Using that idea, an efficient gray prediction search (GPS) algorithm for block motion estimation is proposed in this paper. Based on the gray system theory, the GPS can determine the motion vectors of image blocks quickly and correctly. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other search algorithms, such as 3SS, CS, PHODS, 4SS, BBGDS, SES, and PSA, in terms of six different measures: 1) average mean square error per pixel;2) average peak signal-to-noise ratio;3) average prediction errors per pixel;4) average entropy of prediction errors;5) average percentage of unpredictable pels per frame;and 6) average search points per block.

关键词： block matching algorithm gray prediction motion estimation motion vector temporal redundancy

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An efficient multi-layer reference frame motion estimation for video coding

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2016年第4期11卷 645-661页

作者： Paramkusam, Adapa Venkata Reddy, Vustikayala Siva Kumar JNTUH Malla Reddy Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Hyderabad Andhra Prades India

Most of the fast search motion estimation algorithms reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation (ME) greatly by checking only a few search points inside the search area. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm-multi-layer motion estimation (MME) which reduces the computational complexity of each distortion measure instead of reducing the number of search points. The conventional fast search motion estimation algorithms perform ME on the reference frame with full distortion measure;on the contrary, the MME performs ME on the layers with partial distortion measures to enhance the computational speed of ME. A layer is an image which is derived from the reference frame;each macro-pixel value in the layer represents the sum of the values of the corresponding pixels in the reference frame. A hierarchical quad-tree structure is employed in this paper to construct multiple layers from the reference frame. Experimental results on different video sequences show evidence that many motion vectors have been found similar both in the reference frame and the layers. The effectiveness of the proposed MME algorithm is compared with that of some state-of-the-art fast block matching algorithms with respect to speed and motion prediction quality. Experimental results on a wide variety of video sequences show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other popular conventional fast search motion estimation algorithms computationally while maintaining the motion prediction quality very close to the full-search algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can achieve a maximum of 97.99 % speed-improvement rate against the fast full-search motion estimation algorithms which are based on hierarchical block matching process. The proposed MME performs the motion estimation on the layers by using three types of search patterns. The derivation of these search patterns exploits the characteristic of the center-biased motion vector distribution and that of less intensive block di

关键词： block matching algorithm Motion estimation Multi-layer motion estimation Fast search motion estimation algorithm

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Disparities selection controlled by the compensated image quality for a given bitrate

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2020年第6期14卷 1143-1151页

作者： Kadri, Imen Dauphin, Gabriel Mokraoui, Anissa Lachiri, Zied Univ Paris 13 L2TI Inst Galilee Villetaneuse France Univ Tunis El Manar LSITI Ecole Natl Ingn Tunis Tunis Tunisia

A stereoscopic image consists of two views rendering a depth sense. Indeed each eye is constrained to look at one view, and the small objects displacements across the two views are interpreted as an indication of depth. These displacements are exploited as specific inter-view redundancies from a compression viewpoint. The classical still compression scheme, called disparity-compensated compression scheme, compresses one view independently of the second view, and a block-based disparity map modeling the displacements is losslessly compressed. The difference between the original view and its disparity predicted view is then compressed and used by the decoder to compute the compensated view to improve the disparity predicted view. However, a proof of concept work has already shown that selecting disparities according to the compensated view, instead of the predicted view, yields increased rate-distortion performance. This paper derives from the JPEG-coder, a disparity-dependent analytic expression of the distortion induced by the compensated view. This expression is embedded into an algorithm with a reasonable numerical complexity approaching the performance obtained with the proof of concept work. The proposed algorithm, called fast disparity-compensated block matching algorithm, provides at the same bitrate an average performance increase as compared to the classical stereoscopic image coding schemes.

关键词： Stereoscopic image Compression Disparity compensation block matching algorithm JPEG-distortion

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Error concealment technique based on optical flow

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2002年第18期38卷 1020-1021页

作者： Suh, JW Ho, YS Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol Dept Informat & Commun Kwangju 500712 South Korea

A new motion vector recovery algorithm based on optical flow is proposed. Optical flow fields are very similar to the true motion and can be used to recover three-dimensional motion information. Experimental results on test video sequences produced a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio value than that of conventional methods based on the block matching algorithm.

关键词： error concealment Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) block matching algorithm digital simulation motion vector recovery algorithm Codes test video sequences Computer vision and image processing techniques signal-to-noise MPEG-2 video transmission motion estimation Optical, image and video signal processing iterative methods digital transmission services three-dimensional motion optical flow Video signal processing error correction image sequences

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Fast motion estimation based on binary edge information

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 2003年第8期E86D卷 1456-1458页

作者： Park, WB Kwak, NJ Song, YJ Ahn, JH Chungbuk Natl Univ Dept Comp & Commun Engn Cheongju Chunbuk South Korea

In this paper, we propose a fast full-search block matching algorithm for motion estimation, based on binary edge information. The binary edge information allows a faster search by reducing the computational complexity. It also reduces error, which is generated by the block located on the boundary of moving objects. After we transform the input image into an edge-based image using Sobel masks, we convert the result into a binary edge image using median-cut quantization. We then perform block matching using the binary edge image. If there exists blocks such that the error of the binary block matching exceeds threshold, we only perform edge intensity-based block matching within those blocks. We improve computational efficiency by eliminating an unnecessary searching process in no-motion regions. Simulation results have shown that the proposed method reduces the computational complexity and provides similar PSNR performance to the Full Search block matching algorithm (FS-BMA).

关键词： Binary edge block matching algorithm Motion estimation Video coding

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Dynamic initial search pattern defined on Cartesian product of neighboring motion vectors for fast block-based motion estimation

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2018年第12期77卷 14803-14816页

作者： Pan, Zhibin Ku, Weiping Wang, Yidi Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu Peoples R China

block-based motion estimation is widely used in video compression for reducing the temporal data redundancy. However, it is still a main problem to effectively reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation. The median predictor is usually used for initial search center prediction, however it is not always accurate enough, especially for fast motion sequences. In this paper, a novel dynamic initial search pattern algorithm for fast block-based motion estimation is proposed. Based on the observation that the components of the current motion vector are very similar to the corresponding components of its neighboring motion vectors, Cartesian product of neighboring motion vectors is introduced to generate the proposed dynamic initial search pattern (DISP). And then the cross search pattern is employed to search for the best matching block. The number of search points of the proposed DISP is adaptive to the neighboring correlation of the current block. In fact, the proposed DISP can be considered as a generalization of median prediction scheme and it performs better in capturing the best matching block than median prediction. Experiment results show that the proposed DISP method with small cross search pattern can save about 1.71 search points on average compared with adaptive rood pattern search (ARPS) algorithm and can achieve the similar PSNR to full search (FS) algorithm by combining large cross search pattern.

关键词： Motion estimation block matching algorithm Cartesian product Video coding Initial search pattern

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Hierarchical active shape model with motion prediction for real-time tracking of non-rigid objects

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IET COMPUTER VISION 2007年第1期1卷 17-24页

作者： Lee, S.-W. Kang, J. Shin, J. Paik, J. Chung Ang Univ Dept Image Engn Seoul 156756 South Korea Kwangwoon Univ Dept Comp Engn Seoul South Korea Hankyong Natl Univ Dept Web Informat Engn Gyeonggi Do South Korea

Video tracking systems generally deal with non-rigid objects with various shapes and sizes. This often results in a poor match of an initial model with the actual input shape, and consequently causes the failure of tracking. The robustness of the active shape model (ASM) enables video tracking systems to deal with such unpredictable inputs. The iterative nature of the ASM, however, makes real-time implementation difficult. A novel ASM-based real-time tracking method with particular relevance to non-rigid objects is proposed. The proposed tracking system adopts a hierarchical approach to reduce computational loads and increase immunity to noise. In order to make the system operate in real-time, a novel prediction approach is proposed that significantly reduces the number of iterations. In the sequential images, the initial feature points have been estimated using a block-matching algorithm. Kalman filtering has also been applied for increasing accuracy of the motion estimation. The proposed hierarchical, prediction-based approach is proven to outperform the existing methods in the sense of both tracking performance and convergence speed.

关键词： video signal processing motion estimation iterative methods hierarchical active shape model image sequences Kalman filter image matching video tracking systems block matching algorithm nonrigid objects noise immunity sequential image motion prediction real-time object tracking Kalman filters

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MOTION VECTOR CODING WITH CONDITIONAL TRANSMISSION

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 1989年第3期18卷 259-267页

作者： CHOI, WY PARK, RH Department of Electronic Engineering Sogang University C.P.O. Box 1142 Seoul 100-611 Korea

This paper describes the coding methods of the motion vector in the block matching algorithm (BMA). The six entropy coding methods are applied to the original motion vector or to the smoothed motion vector, which is obtained by considering neighboring motion vectors. Here to increase the coding efficiency of the motion vector, we propose the conditional transmission of the smoothed motion vector by considering the corresponding prediction error. In the proposed coding method, we transmit the image by using entropy coding of the smoothed motion vector and DCT coding of the prediction error for various threshold values. The computer simulation shows that by using the proposed conditional transmission method of the smoothed motion vector, we can compress the motion vector efficiently with a slight degradation in the reconstructed image. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Verfahren zur Kodierung eines Bewegungsvektors im sogenannten block-matching-algorithmus (BMA). Eine Entropie-Kodierung kann auf den ursprünglichen Bewegungsvektor angewandt werden oder auf eine geglättete Version davon, die man bei Berücksichtigung benachbarter Bewegungsvektoren erhält. Zur Steigerung der Wirksamkeit der Bewegungsvektor-Kodierung schlagen wir die Übertragung des geglätteten Vektors unter bestimmten Bedingungen vor, welche die Betrachtung des entspechenden Vorhersagefehlers betreffen. In der vorgeschlagenen Kodiermethode übertragen wir das Bild, indem wir eine Entropie-Kodierung des geglätteten Bewegungsvektors vornehmen und den Vorhersagefehler nach einer DCT für verschiedene Schwellwerte kodieren. Rechnersimulationen zeigen, daß das vorgeschlagene Verfahren zu einer effizienten Kompression des Bewegungsvektors bei geringfügiger Beeinträchtigung des rekonstruierten Bildes führt. Ce texte décrit les méthodes de codage d'un vecteur de mouvement dans le cas d'utilisation de l'algorithme d'appariement de blocs (en anglais block matching algorithm (BMA)). Les six méthodes de codage par entropie ont

关键词： block matching algorithm motion vector prediction error average code length entropy PSNR

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