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Reversible data hiding in low complexity and high quality compression scheme

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2012年第5期22卷 776-785页

作者： Guo, Jing-Ming Tsai, Jia-Jin Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei Taiwan

Nowadays, most multimedia is stored in compressed bit stream format to save the storage space or transmission time. This study proposes a novel technique for embedding flexible amounts of data in the bit map of the improved Ordered Dither block truncation coding (ODBTC) image, where the ordered dithering is used to dither the quantized BTC image to avoid the annoying false contour and blocking effect inherently existed in BTC image. Moreover, the LUT strategy is also used to significantly reduce the complexity. The cell averaging and the second round of dithering are employed as the key steps in locating the embedded information bits. Experimental results demonstrate that an objective good quality image with flexible capacity and reasonable complexity is obtained. Moreover, the correct decoding rate of 100% is maintained, and the original host ODBTC image can also be reconstructed in the decoder when needed, which significantly boosts the flexibility in image quality control. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： block truncation coding Ordered dithering False contour blocking effect Halftoning Data hiding

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Adaptive Reversible Visible Watermarking Based on Total Variation for BTC-Compressed Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5173-5189页

作者： Hengfu Yang Mingfang Jiang Zhichen Gao School of Computer Science Hunan First Normal UniversityChangsha410205China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Informationization Technology for Basic Education Changsha410205China Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics College of Engineering and Applied SciencesStony Brook UniversityNY 11794USA

Few previous Reversible Visible Watermarking(RVW)schemes have both good transparency and watermark *** adaptive RVW scheme that integrates Total Variation and visual perception in block truncation coding(BTC)compressed domain,called TVB-RVW is proposed in this paper.A new mean image estimation method for BTC-compressed images is first developed with the help of Total ***,a visual perception factor computation model is devised by fusing texture and luminance *** adaptive watermark embedding strategy is used to embed the visible watermark with the effect of the visual perception factor in the BTC ***,a lossless embedding method of the encrypted visible watermark is exploited to deter illegal watermark *** visible watermark can be removed since the visual perception factor and the estimated mean image remain unchanged before and after watermark *** experiments validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over previous RVW schemes in BTC in terms of the visual quality of watermarked images and watermark visibility,and it can achieve a good balance between transparency and watermark visibility.

关键词： Reversible visible watermark block truncation coding visual perception total variation

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Partial reversible AMBTC-based secret image sharing with steganography

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年 93卷 22-33页

作者： Wu, Xiaotian Yang, Ching-Nung Jinan Univ Dept Comp Sci Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Hualien Taiwan

Existing secret image sharing (SIS) schemes with steganography and authentication are designed for uncompressed images. They cannot be applied to compressed domain. When the cover image is of significance, these schemes cannot revert the distorted stego image into its original form. To solve these problems, a (k, n) threshold partial reversible absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) based SIS scheme with steganography and authentication is proposed. A secret image is split into n noise like shares by employing the polynomial based SIS under GF(2(8)). To efficiently manage the shares, they are concealed into the AMBTC cover image with parity bits by the proposed embedding algorithms, and n meaningful stego images are constructed. Authentication is adopted so that the integrity of stego image can be verified. Sufficient stego images can perfectly reconstruct the secret. Meanwhile, the original AMBTC cover image can be partially recovered with high probability. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are demonstrated, showing the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Secret image sharing block truncation coding Partial reversible Steganography Authentication

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Maximizing the underwater wireless sensor networks' lifespan using BTC and MNP5 compression techniques

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ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2022年第9-10期77卷 703-723页

作者： Jawad, Ghufran Ali M. Al-Qurabat, Ali Kadhum M. Idrees, Ali Kadhum Univ Babylon Coll Sci Women Dept Comp Sci Babylon Iraq

The sending/receiving of data is the biggest energy user in the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The energy supplied by the battery is the most critical resource in the sensor node affecting UWSN's lifetime. At sensor nodes, energy is used in several forms, such as data reception and transmission, sensing, and processing. In all these, the transmission of data is very expensive in terms of power depletion, whereas data processing demand is known to be much smaller. Therefore, to save energy and boost the lifespan of UWSN, it is crucial to reduce data sending/receiving. In this paper, a two-level data compression method is proposed to work at two levels of the network that are sensor nodes and the gateway. At the sensor nodes level, we introduced a compression-based block truncation coding (CBBTC) strategy to minimize the amount of transferred data, reduce the energy used, and thereby prolong the network lifetime while attempting to keep the accuracy of the data reaching the base station at the best possible level. At the gateway (i.e., cluster head (CH)) level, a lossless compression algorithm called MNP5 is proposed to compress the obtained data sets. The MNP5 method is a double-staged procedure that consists of run-length (RLE) and adaptive frequency encodings. Using extensive simulation experiments, the assessment of proposed approaches is performed. Compared to prefix frequency filtering (PFF) and Harb protocols, the results of the simulation prove effectiveness, i.e., overhead reduction of up to 98% in residual data and 98% in energy consumption while preserving the accuracy of sent data above 90%.

关键词： Data compression UWSN block truncation coding MNP5 Energy-saving Lifespan

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A new classified vector quantization based on quadtree

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PROGRESS IN NATURAL SCIENCE-MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL 1999年第4期9卷 304-309页

作者： Jiang, K Zhang, QL Fudan Univ ASIC Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Syst State Key Lab Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

A new algorithm of classified vector quantization based on quadtree segmentation is proposed. It can obtain lower bit rate and overcome edge degradation. Simulation results show that the better subjective image quality can also be obtained when bitrate is lower than 0.25 bpp. Comparing with JPEG, the improvement of the peak signal-to-noice ratio (PSNR) is up to 2 dB at the same bit rate.

关键词： vector quantization block truncation coding subsampling/interpolating

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A (k, n) threshold partial reversible AMBTC-based visual cryptography using one reference image

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2019年 59卷 550-562页

作者： Wu, Xiaotian Chen, Dong Yang, Ching-Nung Yang, Yi-Yun Jinan Univ Dept Comp Sci Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Informat Engn State Key Lab Informat Secur Beijing Peoples R China Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Shoufeng Township Taiwan

Recently, Yang et al. introduced a (k;n) approach called Reversible Absolute moment block truncation coding Visual Cryptography Scheme (RAVCS) (Yang et al., 2017) to conceal a secret image into n AMBTC shares. However, a large number of reference images is used in their method. To reduce the number of reference images, a (k;n) PRAVCS using one AMBTC reference image is introduced. In encoding phase, a binary secret image is shared into n AMBTC shadow images according to the base matrices generated by two proposed constructions. In decoding phase, the secret image is recovered by stacking sufficient bitmaps, and the AMBTC reference image is partially recovered as well. When n AMBTC shares are used, losslessly reconstruction for the reference image is obtained. Theoretical analysis and experiments by the proposed method are demonstrated to show the effectiveness. Moreover, Construction 1 has larger contrast, while Construction 2 achieves higher reversibility for more thresholds. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual cryptography block truncation coding Partial reversible Meaningful share Contrast Reference image

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Secure Outsourcing Algorithm of BTC Feature Extraction in Cloud Computing

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 106958-106967页

作者： Jiang, Mingfang Yang, Hengfu Hunan First Normal Univ Dept Informat Sci & Engn Changsha 410205 Peoples R China

Advances in cloud computing have aroused many researchers& x2019;interest in privacy-preserving feature extraction over outsourced multimedia data, especially private image data. Since block truncation coding (BTC) is known as a simple and efficient technology for image compression, this paper focuses on privacy-preserving feature extraction in BTC compressed domain. We propose a privacy-preserving computation of BTC feature extraction over massive encrypted images (also called PPBTC). First, all images are uploaded to the cloud after encryption. The privacy-preserving image encryption process consists of block permutation, pixel diffusion, and a bit-plane random shift. BTC features remain unchanged after encryption and the cloud server can directly extract BTC features from the encrypted images. Some analyses and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed privacy-preserving feature extraction scheme for BTC-compressed images is efficient and secure, and it can be applied to secure image computation applications in cloud computing.

关键词： Feature extraction privacy-preserving block truncation coding homomorphic encryption

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Fusion of Deep Learning and Compressed Domain Features for Content-Based Image Retrieval

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2017年第12期26卷 5706-5717页

作者： Liu, Peizhong Guo, Jing-Ming Wu, Chi-Yi Cai, Danlin Huaqiao Univ Coll Engn Quanzhou 362021 Peoples R China Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10607 Taiwan Quanzhou Normal Univ Sch Math & Comp Sci Quanzhou 362000 Peoples R China

This paper presents an effective image retrieval method by combining high-level features from convolutional neural network (CNN) model and low-level features from dot-diffused block truncation coding (DDBTC). The low-level features, e.g., texture and color, are constructed by vector quantization -indexed histogram from DDBTC bitmap, maximum, and minimum quantizers. Conversely, high-level features from CNN can effectively capture human perception. With the fusion of the DDBTC and CNN features, the extended deep learning two-layer codebook features is generated using the proposed two-layer codebook, dimension reduction, and similarity reweighting to improve the overall retrieval rate. Two metrics, average precision rate and average recall rate (ARR), are employed to examine various data sets. As documented in the experimental results, the proposed schemes can achieve superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods with either low- or high-level features in terms of the retrieval rate. Thus, it can be a strong candidate for various image retrieval related applications.

关键词： Content-based image retrieval deep learning convolutional-neural network block truncation coding halftoning

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Tamper detection and image recovery for BTC-compressed images

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第14期76卷 15435-15463页

作者： Hu, Yu-Chen Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Chen, Wu-Lin Providence Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Management 200 Chung Chi RdSec 7Taiwan Blvd Taichung 43301 Taiwan Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Informat Syst & Cyber Secur San Antonio TX USA Univ South Australia Sch Informat Technol & Math Sci Adelaide SA Australia

To ensure the integrity of images compressed using block truncation coding (BTC), a tamper detection and image recovery scheme is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, the size of the authentication data can be adaptively selected according to the user's requirement. The authentication data is embedded in the value differences of the quantization levels in each BTC-compressed image block. Multiple copies of the recovery data are embedded into the bit maps of the smooth blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme performs well in terms of detection precision and the embedded image quality. Meanwhile, the tampered areas can be roughly recovered by using the proposed scheme.

关键词： Tamper detection Image recovery block truncation coding Image authentication Fragile watermarking

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On the security of a BTC-based-compression image authentication scheme

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2018年第10期77卷 12979-12989页

作者： Chen, Tzung-Her Chang, Tzu-Ching Natl Chiayi Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn 300 Univ Rd Chiayi 60004 Taiwan

With image integrity in mind, the sensitivity-of-tamper property of a new image authentication scheme is always one of main concerns. However, to claim integrity guarantee of image authentication techniques is meaningful only when the false negative probability is taken into consideration. In this paper, the security of an image authentication scheme based on block-truncation-coding (BTC) compression proposed by Li et al. is analyzed. The false alarm of their scheme is shown unneglectable in this paper. Precisely, it is potentially problematic since their scheme only protects the quantization values of BTC codes, but ignores the bitmap part. The main weak design will be shown by means of conducting some counter experiments. Thanks to Li et al.'s well design to protect the two values of quantization levels of the compressed image, the improvement to remove the potential security concern is simple. The experimental results and the further analysis demonstrate that the simple and secure improvement does work.

关键词： Image authentication block truncation coding Tampered detection False alarm

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