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Comparing loops misconceptions in block-based and text-based programming languages at the K-12 level

EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2018年第4期23卷 1483-1500页

作者： Mladenovic, Monika Boljat, Ivica Zanko, Zana Univ Split Fac Sci Rudera Boskovica 33 Split 21000 Croatia Elementary Sch Mejasi Mejasi 20 Split 21000 Croatia

Novice programmers are facing many difficulties while learning to program. Most studies about misconceptions in programming are conducted at the undergraduate level, yet there is a lack of studies at the elementary school (K-12) level, reasonably because computer science neither programming are regularly still not the part of elementary school curricula's. Are the misconceptions about loops at elementary school level equal to those at the undergraduate level? Can we "prevent" the misconceptions by using the different pedagogical approach, visual programming language and shifting the programming context toward game programming? In this paper, we tried to answer these questions. We conducted the student misconceptions research on one of the fundamental programming concepts - the loop. The research is conducted in the classroom settings among 207 elementary school students. Students were learning to program in three programming languages: Scratch, Logo and Python. In this paper, we present the results of this research.

关键词： programming Misconceptions Loop block-based programming languages Text-based programming languages K-12

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Considerations for using block-based languages for Industrial Robot programming - a Case Study 3

Considerations for using Block-Based Languages for Industria...

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3rd IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)

作者： Mayr-Dorn, Christoph Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Hohensinger, Doris Ramler, Rudolf Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Linz Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665444743

The paradigm shift triggered by Industry 4.0 leads to a fast rising number of industrial machinery and collaborative robots that increases the need for flexible customization of production processes and automation workflows. End-user programming of industrial robots has become an essential capability for all areas in industry. Consequently, different visual programming languages have found their way into the domain of industrial robot programming. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of block-based programming languages for large and complex robot programs in realistic environments. Here, a key aspect of robot programming is not only the interaction with the physical environment, but also the robot's interaction with other shopfloor participants at the software control level. To this end, we analysed the requirements for programming a robot based a real world production cell and implemented the necessary programming constructs using blockly, an open-source block-based visual language. We assessed the results comparing the implementation of a change in blockly and the Sequential Function Chart-based language. We find that while blockly is able to express large and complex real-world robot programs, a major contributing factor is not just the language itself but the presentation of the robot's run-time environment as well as support by the development environment (i.e., editor). Our preliminary user experiment has identified a set of challenges in understanding and changing such programs that we now plan to follow-up with a larger user study.

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming manufacturing automation block-based programming languages

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programming Environments for blocks Need First-Class Software Refactoring Support A Position Paper

Programming Environments for Blocks Need First-Class Softwar...

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IEEE blocks and Beyond Workshop (B&B)

作者： Techapalokul, Peeratham Tilevich, Eli Virginia Tech Software Innovat Lab Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383677

block-based programming languages and their development environments have become a widely used educational platform for novices to learn how to program. In addition, these languages and environments have been increasingly embraced by domain experts to develop end-user software. Though popular for having a "low floor" (easy to get started), programs written in block-based languages often become unwieldy as projects grow progressively more complex. Software refactoring-improving the design quality of a codebase while preserving its external functionality-has been shown highly effective as a means of improving the quality of software written in text-based languages. Unfortunately, programming environments for blocks lack systematic software refactoring support. In this position paper, we argue that first-class software refactoring support must become an essential feature in programming environments for blocks;we present our research vision and concrete research directions, including program analysis to detect "code smells," automated transformations for block-based programs to support common refactoring techniques, and integration of refactoring into introductory computing curricula.

关键词： refactoring metrics code smells block-based programming languages end-user software engineering computer science curriculum introductory programming

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An Expert Review on the Applicability of blockly for Industrial Robot programming 25

An Expert Review on the Applicability of Blockly for Industr...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Koeberle, Jessica Ramler, Rudolf Schittengruber, Markus Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Software Dev Dietach Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189567

The paradigm shift triggered by Industry 4.0 leads to a fast rising number of industrial machinery and collaborative robots that increases the need for flexible customization of production processes and automation workflows. End-user programming of industrial robots has become an essential capability for all areas in industry. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of block-based programming languages for large and complex robot programs. Therefore, we implemented a real-world program for industrial robots using blockly, a block-based visual language, and assessed the results regarding portability, readability, understandability, and maintainability. Our findings are, that (1) large and complex real-world robot programs can be expressed in blockly, (2) that the readability and understandability of such programs is equal to conventional flow-chart based programming languages, and (3) that the maintainability of blockly programs can even be considered better than in flowchart based languages. Our results and findings serve as basis for usability studies with end-users in robot programming.

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming manufacturing automation block-based programming languages

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blocks, blocks, and More blocks-based programming 1

Blocks, Blocks, and More Blocks-Based Programming

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1st International Workshop on programming Abstractions and Interactive Notations, Tools, and Environments (PAINT)

作者： Selwyn-Smith, Ben Anslow, Craig Homer, Michael Oracle Labs Brisbane Qld Australia Victoria Univ Wellington Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450399104

blocks-based programming is a common way to teach novices how to program. However, there are many block-based languages to choose from. This paper reviews block-based programming languages (BBPLs), takes a detailed look at a number of existing BBPLs including their features and comparing and contrasting these languages. Finally, through a number of research questions, this paper evaluates the current state of the art and points out areas for potential further research.

关键词： block-based programming languages BBPL programming Literature Review

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Performance-based evaluation of computational thinking skills using machine learning 14

Performance-based evaluation of computational thinking skill...

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14th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium (UYMS)

作者： Karakas, Elif Yondem, Meltem Turhan Istanbul Okan Univ Muhendisl Fak Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185415

This thesis study is an evaluation tool that measures the user's Computational Thinking (CT) according to its performance on block-based programming languages (BBPL) by using Machine Learning Techniques. The evaluation tool makes an evaluation for Machine Learning Model and each of the Computational Thinking seven fields. Via this developed tool, the objective is to product an alternative to the limited evaluation tools on block-based programming languages. Literature research was brought out in two sides as Machine Learning and block-based programming languages. In the first stage, on Machine Learning, the data set and the methods used in educational field were researched. In the second stage, the devices which are used to measure the performance on block- based programming languages were analyzed. On literature, there are various sources for teaching Computational Thinking,but it occurs that measuring instruments that evaluates Computational Thinking are inadequate. To evaluate Computational Thinking a machine learning model was trained. Trained model was turned into online evaluation tool by which both the tutors and the students evaluate Computational Thinking easily. In the final stage, the developed online evaluation tool and the outcome was analyzed.

关键词： Machine Learning block-based programming languages Computational Thinking

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Assessing industrial end-user programming of robotic production cells: A controlled experiment

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2023年 195卷

作者： Mayr-Dorn, Christoph Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Hohensinger, Doris Fuerschuss, Harald Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Software Syst Engn Linz Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Schwertberg Austria

Adapting the behavior of robots and their interaction with other machines on the shop floor is typically accomplished by non-programmers. Often these non-programmers use visual languages to specify the robot's and/or machine's control logic. While visual languages are explored as a means to enable novices to program, there is little understanding of what problems novices face when tasked with realistic adaptation programming tasks on the shop floor. In this paper, we report the results of a controlled experiment where domain experts in the injection molding industry inspected and changed realistic programs involving a robot, injection molding machine, and additional external machines. We found that participants were comparably quick to understand the program behavior with a familiar sequential function chart-based language and a blockly-based language used for the first time. We also observed that these non-programmers had difficulty in multiple aspects independent of language due to the interweaving of physical and software-centric interaction between robot and machine. We conclude that assistance needs to go beyond optimizing available language elements to include suggesting relevant programming elements and their sequence.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Robot programming End-user programming Manufacturing automation block-based programming languages Sequential function charts

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blocks4All: Making blocks-based programming languages Accessible for Children with Visual Impairments 19

Blocks4All: Making Blocks-Based Programming Languages Access...

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Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

作者： Lauren R. Milne Richard E. Ladner Macalester College Saint Paul MN USA University of Washington Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450358903

block-based programming environments such as Scratch are designed to make programming easier to learn for both children and adults. Unfortunately, these environments rely so heavily on visual features that they are inaccessible to people who are blind and use screen readers. To address this problem, we created blocks4All, a block-based environment for the Apple iPad, which uses the touchscreen and VoiceOver, the built-in screen reader for iOS, to help make the environment accessible. blocks4All differs from existing block-based environments in three main ways: (1) it uses select, select, drop instead of drag and drop to move blocks, (2) the blocks are placed on the bottom of the screen and are a fixed size so that they can easily be found by touch even without sight, and (3) it uses both audio and spatial cues to convey information about statements nested inside repeat loops and conditionals. In our presentation, we will show the features we developed and demonstrate how to write code that uses both conditional statements and repeat loops. We anticipate the demo will be useful both for instructors with students with visual impairments and developers of block-based environments. Handouts will be provided that describe blocks4All and information about how to download a beta version.

关键词： visual impairments accessibility students with disabilities block-based programming languages introductory programming environments

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