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Propagation of pendulum-type wave in two-dimensional block-rock mass with accurate consideration of rotation effect

Archive of Applied Mechanics 2023年第6期93卷 2631-2650页

作者： Jiang, Kuan Qi, Cheng-zhi College of Architectural and Civil Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China Beijing Future Urban Design High-Tech Innovation Center and International Cooperation Base for Transportation Infrastructure Construction Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China

Rock mass is a typical inhomogeneous structure composed of hierarchically embedded rock blocks of different scales and separated by weaker interlayers. Due to weak mechanical properties of interlayers, the deformation of rock mass both in statics and dynamics is mainly concentrated in interlayers. Therefore, rock blocks as rigid bodies will experience translational and rotational motions, and the pendulum-type wave arises in rock mass. One-dimensional pendulum-type wave has been studied by many scholars, but two-dimensional pendulum-type wave has not been studied completely, especially the rotational motion of rock blocks should be considered. Therefore, the two-dimensional dynamic model of block-rock mass consisting of rectangular blocks separated by weaker interlayers is established based on accurate consideration of rotation effect. The applicability and reliability of this dynamic model are proved by comparing with experimental data. The propagation law and characteristics of pendulum-type wave in two-dimensional block-rock mass are investigated. Furthermore, the effect of these factors such as the viscous damping, geomechanical invariant and block size on the propagation of pendulum-type wave are determined. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： block-hierarchical structure block-rock mass Pendulum-type wave Rotation effect Two-wave structure

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Pendulum waves and basics of «geomechanical thermodynamics»

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Geohazard Mechanics 2023年第1期1卷 38-52页

作者： V.N.Oparin N.A.Chinakal Institute of Mining SB RAS Novosibirsk630091Russia

It is shown that modern achievements in the field of experimental and theoretical researches and developments of innovative measuring systems for monitoring of non-linear dynamic and kinematic characteristics allow to formulate basics of new academic discipline,designated as“geomechanical thermodynamics”.The following circumstances can be considered as the most important prerequisites for development of this new discipline.(1)Practical completeness of the classical thermodynamics,based on kinetic gas theory and molecular movements in solid bodies;(2)Creation of“formular construction tool”for the description of dynamic and kinematic characteristics of pendulum waves and energy conditions of their occurrence and propagation from dynamic sources,located in multi-phased stressed rock mass and geomaterials with block-hierarchical structure;(3)Principal opportunity to establish formal relations between substantial energy carriers of“packages”of nonlinear pendulum waves(geoblocks of certain hierarchical levels according to their diameters)and“molecules”:their movement,velocity and acceleration of the“molecules”↔“geoblock”;“force interactions between molecules”↔“non-linear elastic interaction between geoblocks”,*** term of“geomechanical temperature”is introduced and its analytical expression,which is proportional to kinetic energy of movement of geoblocks with defined volume for their hierarchical subsequence at“confined”conditions of the stressed rock mass,is *** similar aspects are discussed,when emission acousticelectromagnetic fields are fixed using corresponding coefficients of mechanical-electrical and mechanicalacoustic *** order to quantitively describe the evolution of energy state of local zones of stressstrain concentration and surroundings of their non-linear influence from catastrophic events at the natural and mine-engineering systems(earthquakes,rock bursts,etc.),the terms of their geomechanical and thermodynamic stages are introduced

关键词： Geomechanical thermodynamics Pendulum waves Energy approach Geomechanical and thermodynamic stages Geomechanical temperature block-hierarchical structure

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From the alternating-sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia. Part II

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JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE 2013年第2期49卷 175-209页

作者： Adushkin, V. V. Oparin, V. N. Russian Acad Sci Inst Geosphere Dynam Moscow 119334 Russia Russian Acad Sci NA Chinakal Inst Min Siberian Branch Novosibirsk 630091 Russia Novosibirsk State Univ Novosibirsk 630090 Russia

The article reviews research and development results in the sphere of designing unique apparatuses and equipment for modeling and in situ recording of nonlinear elastic waves and associated electro-magnetic emission in block-hierarchical rock masses in the condition of high stresses. The joint experimental outcomes and theoretical research findings gained by leading institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its branches within recent decades, in the framework of integration interdisciplinary projects offer the methodology and instrumentation support for new promising systems of integrated geomechanical and geophysical monitoring of mining-induced earthquakes and rockbursts in Russian mines that may act as unique natural "laboratories" for both academic and applied research in geosciences.

关键词： Rock mass block-hierarchical structure nonlinear geomechanical processes instrumentation earthquakes rockbursts blasts underground excavations open pit walls pendulum waves seismic events geomechanical-geodynamical safety system

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Mechanism of zonal disintegration phenomenon in enclosing rock mass around deep tunnels

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Journal of Central South University 2009年第2期16卷 303-311页

作者：吴昊郭志昆方秦张亚栋柳锦春 Engineering Institute of Engineering Corps PLA University of Science and Technology

In order to study the mechanism of the zonal disintegration phenomenon(ZDP),both experimental and theoretical investigations were carried ***,based on the similarity law,gypsum was chosen as equivalent material to simulate the deep rock mass,the excavation of deep tunnel was modeled by drilling a hole in the gypsum models,two circular cracked zones were measured in the model,and ZDP in the enclosing rock mass around deep tunnel was simulated in 3D gypsum model ***, based on the elasto-plastic analysis of the stressed-strained state of the surrounding rock mass with the improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion and the bilinear constitutive model,the maximum stress zone occurred in vicinity of the elastic-plastic interface due to the excavation of the deep tunnel,rock material in maximum stress zone is in the approximate uniaxial loading state owing to the larger tangential force and smaller radial force,the mechanism of ZDP was explained,which lay in the creep instability failure of rock mass due to the development of plastic zone and transfer of the maximum stress zone within the rock ***,the analytical critical depth for the occurrence of ZDP was obtained,which depended on the mechanical indices and stress concentration coefficient of rock mass.

关键词： zonal disintegration phenomenon （ZDP） block-hierarchical structure deep tunnel creep instability stress concentration coefficient

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Mechanism of anomalous low friction phenomenon in deep block rock mass

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Mining Science and Technology 2009年第4期19卷 409-419页

作者： WU Hao FANG Qin ZHANG Ya-dong LU Yu-sheng LIU Jin-chun Engineering Institute of Engineering Corps PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu 210007 China

Deep rock mass has the unique ＂self-stressed＂ block-hierarchical structure, anomalous low friction （ALF） was one of the typical nonlinear get-mechanical and dynamic responses in deep block rock mass, which occurred as the result of movements of large-scale get-blocks under the impact of external pulses （such as a deep confined explosion, earthquakes, rock bursts and etc.）. ALF phenomenon obtained its name to describe the curious phenomenon that the friction between interacting get-blocks qua- si-periodically disappears at some discrete points in time along the direction orthogonal to the direction of the external pulse. With the objective to confirm the existence of the ALF phenomenon and study the get-mechanical conditions for its occurrence experi- mentally and theoretically, laboratory tests on granite and cement mortar block models were carried out on a multipurpose testing system developed independently. The ALF phenomenon was realized under two loading schemes, i.e., blocks model and a working block were acted upon jointly by the action of a vertical impact and a horizontal static force, as well as the joint action of both ver- tical and horizontal impacts with differently delayed time intervals. We obtained the rules on variation of horizontal displacements of working blocks when the ALF phenomenon was realized in two tests. The discrete time delay intervals, corresponding to local maxima and minima of the horizontal displacement amplitudes and residual horizontal displacements of the working block, satis- fied canonical sequences multiplied by （√2）＇. Some of these time intervals satisfied the quantitative expression （√2）＇ ,alva. At last, 1D dynamic theoretical model was established, the analytical results agreed better with the test data, while the quantitative expression drawn from test data was not validated well in theoretical analyses.

关键词： deep block rock mass block-hierarchical structure optical fiber displacement meter anomalous low friction canonical sequence

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Model tests on anomalous low friction and pendulum-type wave phenomena

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1805-1820页

作者： Hao Wu~*,Qin Fang,Yusheng Lu,Yadong Zhang,Jinchun Liu Engineering Institute of Engineering Corps,PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210007.China [a]Engineering Institute of Engineering Corps PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu 210007 China

The anomalous low friction(ALF) and pendulum-type wave(μwave) phenomena were two typical,nonlinear,geo-mechanical,and dynamic responses in deep-block rock mass discovered from in situ observations,which occurred from the movement of the geo-blocks under the impact of external pulses,such as deep confined explosion,earthquake,and rock *** the aim to confirm the existence of the above two phenomena and study the variation laws of them experimentally,laboratory tests on the granite and cement mortar continuum and blocks models were conducted on the self-independently developed multipurpose testing system,*** ALF phenomenon was realized under two loading schemes,the blocks model and working block were acted upon by the joint action of vertical impact and horizontal static force as well as the joint action of both vertical and horizontal impacts with different time *** revealed that the discrete time delays corresponding to the local maximums and minimums of the horizontal displacement amplitudes and residual horizontal displacements of the working block satisfied the canonical sequences with the multiple of 21/2,most of which satisfied the quantitative expression(21/2)~i△/***,the one-dimensional impact experiments were carried out on the blocks granite model,continuum, and blocks cement mortar models,*** on the comparison and analysis of the propagation properties(amplitudes and the Fourier spectrums of acceleration time histories of blocks) of the 1D stress wave in the above models,it is indicated that the fractures in rock mass have tremendous effect on the attenuation of acceleration amplitudes and high-frequency *** comparison of the model test data with the in situ measurement conclusions,the existence of theμwave was confirmed experimentally in the cement mortar blocks model with larger dimensions,and the frequencies corresponding to the local maximums of spectral density curves of three-directional accelera

关键词： Deep-block rock mass block-hierarchical structure Anomalous low friction Pendulum-type wave Canonical sequence

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Zonal disintegration phenomenon in rock mass surrounding deep tunnels

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2008年第2期18卷 187-193页

作者： WU Hao FANG Qin GUO Zhi-kun Engineering Institute of Engineering Corps PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu 210007 China

Zonal disintegration is a typical static phenomenon of deep rock masses. It has been defined as alternating regions of fractured and relatively intact rock mass that appear around or in front of the working stope during excavation of a deep tunnel. Zonal disintegration phenomenon was successfully demonstrated in the laboratory with 3D tests on analogous gypsum models, two circular cracked zones were observed in the test. The linear Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion was used with a constitutive model that showed linear softening and ideal residual plastic to analyze the elasto-plastic field of the enclosing rock mass around a deep tunnel. The results show that tunneling causes a maximum stress zone to appear between an elastic and plastic zone in the surrounding rock. The zonal disintegration phenomenon is analyzed by considering the stress-strain state of the rock mass in the vicinity of the maximum stress zone. Creep instability failure of the rock due to the development of the plastic zone, and transfer of the maximum stress zone into the rock mass, are the cause of zonal disintegration. An analytical criterion for the critical depth at which zonal disintegration can occur is derived. This depth depends mainly on the character and stress concentration coefficient of the rock mass.

关键词： block-hierarchical structure zonal disintegration phenomenon enclosing rock mass around deep tunnel equivalent material stress concentration coefficient

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