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A Novel Controller for Electric Springs Based on bode diagram Optimization

JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2016年第4期16卷 1396-1406页

作者： Wang, Qingsong Cheng, Ming Jiang, Yunlei Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

A novel controller design is presented for the recently proposed electric springs (ESs). The dynamic modeling is analyzed first, and the initial bode diagram is derived from the s-domain transfer function in the open loop. The design objective is set according to the characteristics of a minimum phase system. Step-by-step optimizations of the bode diagram are provided to illustrate the proposed controller, the design of which is different from the classical multistage leading/lagging design. The final controller is the accumulation of the transfer function at each step. With the controller and the recently proposed delta control, the critical load voltage can be regulated to follow the desired waveform precisely while the fluctuations and distortions of the input voltage are passed to the non-critical loads. Frequency responses at any point can be modified in the bode diagram. The results of the modeling and controller design are validated via simulations. Hardware and software designs are provided. A digital phase locked loop is realized with the platform of a digital signal processor. The effectiveness of the proposed control is also validated by experimental results.

关键词： bode diagram Controller design Electric spring Minimum phase system Modeling Phase control Renewable energy systems

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Proportional-integral/proportional-integral-derivative tuning procedure of a single-phase shunt active power filter using bode diagram

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2014年第10期7卷 2647-2659页

作者： Angelico, Bruno A. Campanhol, Leonardo B. G. Oliveira da Silva, Sergio A. Univ Sao Paulo Escola Politecn Dept Engn Telecomunicacoes & Controle BR-05508 Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Tecnol Fed Parana UTFPR Dept Engn Elect Ponta Grossa Brazil Univ Tecnol Fed Parana UTFPR Dept Engn Eletr Cornelio Procopio Brazil

This study presents a procedure for tuning proportional-integral/proportional-integral-derivative controllers using the frequency response method via bode diagrams, which is relatively simple and easy to understand, and can be used when phase margin and 0 dB gain crossover frequency are project specifications. The method is validated in a practical power electronics application, considering the current and the DC-bus voltage loops of a shunt active power filter (SAPF). A detailed analysis related to the obtaining of the DC-bus voltage loop is also provided. In addition, a stability analysis is presented, considering how the SAPF compensation current is influenced according to the load current, taking into account different values of the grid impedance. Simulation and practical results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and its simplicity for being considered in practical cases.

关键词： PI control three-term control control system synthesis power filters active filters bode diagrams frequency response stability power electronics single-phase shunt active power filter bode diagram proportional-integral-proportional-integral-derivative controller controller tuning frequency response method phase margin project specification practical power electronics application DC-bus voltage loops DC-bus voltage loop stability analysis SAPF compensation current load current grid impedance

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Design of a Gain Scheduling Pitch Controller for Wind Turbines by Using the bode diagram 22

Design of a Gain Scheduling Pitch Controller for Wind Turbin...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Spichartz, Benedikt Sourkounis, Constantinos Ruhr Univ Bochum Fac Elect Engn & Informat Technol Inst Power Syst Technol & Power Mechatron D-44801 Bochum Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728157306

For variable speed wind turbines (WT) operating in the full load range, a collective pitch control is used to limit the speed to its nominal value. The concept of a nonlinear PI gain scheduling controller is particularly suitable for compensating the nonlinear rotor behavior and is widely used in the wind industry. However, a simple calculation method to calculate its controller parameters while considering the full dynamics of the control loop is not available yet. In this paper the linearization process as well as a simple calculation method to find suitable controller parameters based on methods of classical control engineering is introduced. In contrast to previous methods the full dynamics of the open loop system, in particular the dynamics of the controlled pitch servomotors and the dynamics of the drive train with its first eigenfrequency, can be considered within the controller design. This is done by analyzing the behavior of the gain scheduling control and deriving a simplified linearized model of the open loop system. In this way it is possible to optimize the controller parameters by using the bode diagram. The usability of the simple design method is shown on the basis of simulation results considering the influence of wind fluctuations as well as wind gusts.

关键词： Wind energy Pitch control Gain scheduling Linearization Mathematical design bode diagram Simulation

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Python app for drawing bode diagram asymptotes of transfer function for minimum and non-minimal phase systems

ENGINEERING REPORTS

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ENGINEERING REPORTS 2022年第11期4卷

作者： Mendoza Meza, Magno Enrique Fed Univ ABC UFABC Ctr Engn Modeling & Appl Social Sci CECS Av Estados 5001Block A7th Floor BR-09210580 Sao Paulo Brazil

The purpose of this article is to introduce an app to draw the asymptotes of bode diagram module and phase from each constituent elementary factors of any transfer function for minimum and non-minimal phase systems without transport delay. The bode diagram is the most used tool in the frequency response method. Python and several Python modules were used to program the app to perform the operations as well as the Qt5 design was used to create a simple graphical user interface for the app and all this in the Linux operating system and the app's source code can also be run in Windows operating system with no adjustments or modifications. The app purpose is to assist students in learning the frequency response concepts and drawing of bode diagram using asymptotes of magnitude and phase. For students the non-minimum phase system bode diagram is more difficult to draw than a minimum phase system due to the presence of zeros and/or poles on right half side of s$$ s $$-plane. This application should be used by students as a help and not simply to solve problems and for teachers the application can be used to improve their classes by showing the step by step of drawing the bode diagram with the figures obtained by the application. The app's executable file is available on release link in

关键词： asymptotes bode diagram minimum phase non-minimum phase Python

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Reduction analysis of building thermal models for simulation of heating accidents

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建筑模拟（英文版） 2020年第6期13卷 1249-1258页

作者： Peng Wang Yuchen Ju Siqi Liu Wei Wang Cuihong Lei School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin 150001 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Aalto University Espoo 02150 Finland Department of Power Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China

When representing building thermal characteristics for a large-scale district heating (DH) system, the traditional 1-order model is easy to solve but has a nonnegligible delay when conditions change. High-order models are widely used in building simulation, but their complexity and high time cost prevent them from being applied in DH simulation. The purpose of this paper is to find out an appropriate building thermal model for heating accident simulation. An unoccupied residential building located in northeast China was tested for 72 h heating outage and subsequent 32 h recovery. Based on the lumped parameter method and state space model, a high order was established by 4240 mass points to describe the tested building. By integrating mass points, the low-order models reduced the orders to eight, three, and one respectively. Frequency domain analysis revealed the similarities and differences among the models. The 1-order model showed a large deviation from the other three models. The subsequent time domain analysis of the 1-order model also simulated a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.69, a delay of 6 h, and the lowest temperature drop during a heating outage. In both frequency and time domain analyses, the 8-order and 3-order models showed similar results approaching the high-order model, with an RMSE of approximately 0.50, a delay of 1 h, and small deviation. The simpler 3-order model could be used to estimate the indoor air temperature during a heating accident in large-scale DH systems. The further study on integrating the 3-order model and system identification method may overcome the shortcomings of model reduction.

关键词： district heating heating accident building simulation model reduction bode diagram

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Influence of nonlinearities on the frequency response of a grid-connected vector-controlled VSC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 1999年第2期46卷 319-324页

作者： Svensson, J Lindgren, M Chalmers Dept Elect Power Engn S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden

In this paper, the small-signal performance of different vector controllers for grid-connected voltage-source converters is investigated. Losses in the line filter, as well as nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves, are usually not modeled in the evaluation of the performance of control principles, A method to compensate for nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves is implemented, Furthermore, the influence of the compensation principle on the performance of traditional deadbeat controllers is shown in measured frequency responses. The compensation method reduces the cross-coupling gain and improves the direct-coupling gain, To show the influence of nonlinearities, measured frequency responses are compared with responses obtained from analytical models. At high frequencies, the frequency-dependent losses in the line filter should be taken into account to predict the dynamic performance correctly.

关键词： blanking time bode diagram compensation nonlinear small-signal scheme transfer function valve vector current control voltage-source converter

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Three-phase interleaved high step-up bidirectional DC-DCconverter

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2020年第12期13卷 2469-2480页

作者： Wang, Fan Wang, Yubin Su, Bing Teng, Changpeng Shandong Univ Sch Elect Engn Jinan Shandong Peoples R China

A three-phase interleaved high step-up bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed, which can achieve three times the voltage gain of the traditional three-phase interleaved boost converter only by adding two capacitors. The proposed converter has the characteristics of low switch voltage and current stresses, low output voltage ripple, automatic voltage-balancing and current-sharing abilities. Compared with the traditional interleaved switching strategy, a 180 degrees interleaved switching strategy is proposed, which is more suitable for the proposed converter by widening the working duty cycle range. Closed dual-loop control is used to regulate the output voltage of the converter. The parameter determining the method of the closed-loop controllers based on the bode diagram is described in order to control the high-order converter. Operating principle, modelling, steady-state analysis, voltage-balancing and current-sharing ability analysis and closed-loop design of the converter are studied in more detail. Finally, experimental verification and efficiency measurements are implemented by a 300 W, 24 V input to 230 V DC bus prototype, which proved that the proposed converter is more suitable than the traditional three-phase interleaved boost converter for some applications where requiring about six to ten times the voltage conversion ratio.

关键词： bode diagrams switching convertors DC-DC power convertors closed loop systems power capacitors voltage control interleaved switching strategy closed dual-loop control current-sharing ability analysis DC bus prototype three-phase interleaved boost converter voltage conversion ratio high step-up bidirectional DC–DC converter voltage gain low output voltage ripple automatic voltage-balancing power capacitors duty cycle range output voltage regulation bode diagram steady-state analysis power 300.0 W voltage 24.0 V voltage 230.0 V

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Analytic parameter identification of proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2011年第20期36卷 13266-13271页

作者： Kheirmand, M. Asnafi, A. Shiraz Univ Hydroaeronaut Res Ctr Shiraz *** Iran Univ Yasuj Dept Chem Yasuj 95714 Iran

A finite transmission line is proposed for proton exchange membrane fuel cell reaction layer, when the faradic current is absent due to purging of Inert gas at the back of cathode and anode. Also a finite transmission line is presented when a charge transfer accrued among catalyst and electrolyte interface. The electrochemical impedances of finite transmission lines are computed using MATLAB software. Relative to the orders and types of the evaluated impedances, some relations to determine and identify the parameters of the proposed models are derived. In first model, it is shown that the electrical elements of transmission line can be extracted explicitly from the Nyquist and bode diagrams whereas for the second one, some of the parameters cannot directly be investigated. However, using a numerical procedure, some valuable results about parameter variations are obtained. Copyright (C) 2010, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Impedance modeling MATLAB Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Nyquist diagram bode diagram System identification

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Signal conditioning for semiconductor gas sensors being used as detectors in gas-chromatographs and similar applications

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 1998年第1-2期52卷 15-22页

作者： Beling, S Bläser, G Bock, J Heinert, L Traxler, M Kohl, D Univ Giessen Inst Angew Phys D-35392 Giessen Germany

The ability of feedforward neural networks to approximate the dynamic behavior of linear and non-linear sensors was investigated. The networks were trained with data from simulated and real systems to compute the time varying sensor input from the measurable sensor output. Characteristic curves describing the static and dynamic network properties were calculated. The network performance was tested and visualized in time and frequency domain (bode diagram). It is shown that feedforward neural networks are an appropriate tool to approximate the dynamic behavior of non-linear gas sensors. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

关键词： semiconductor gas sensors dynamic sensor signals non-linear systems neural networks bode diagram gas chromatography

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Veritication for transient heat conduction calculation of multilayer building constructions

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2006年第4期38卷 340-348页

作者： Chen, YM Zhou, J Spitler, JD Hunan Univ Coll Civ Engn Dept Bldg Environm & Serv Engn Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Oklahoma State Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Stillwater OK 74078 USA

Validation and verification of building simulation programs and load calculation programs is of continuing interest. Dynamic thermal behavior data, including conduction transfer function (CTF) coefficients, thermal response factors and periodic response factors, are used to calculate transient heat conduction through building constructions. Computational inaccuracy sometimes occurs in calculating CTF coefficients and response factors. In this paper, a method for verification of the CTF coefficients and response factors over the whole frequency range is introduced. This method is based on the equivalence of dynamic models for a linear system and the frequency characteristics of building transient heat transfer models. bode diagrams and error criteria are proposed to verify the CTF coefficients and response factors. Some examples are given to demonstrate the methodology. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： verification transient heat conduction dynamic thermal behavior data CTF coefficients thermal response factors periodic response factors frequency characteristics bode diagram error criterion building construction

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