Throughout the use of the small battery-operated sensor nodes encou-rage us to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).The development of an energy-efficient routing protocol is...
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Throughout the use of the small battery-operated sensor nodes encou-rage us to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).The development of an energy-efficient routing protocol is a mainly adopted technique to enhance the lifetime of *** routing protocols are available,but the issue is still *** is one of the most important techniques in the existing routing *** the clustering-based model,the important thing is the selection of the cluster *** this paper,we have proposed a scheme that uses the bubble sort algorithm for cluster head selection by considering the remaining energy and the distance of the nodes in each ***,the bubble sort algorithm chose the two nodes with the maximum remaining energy in the cluster and chose a cluster head with a small *** proposed scheme performs hierarchal routing and direct routing with some energy *** simulation will be performed in MATLAB to justify its performance and results and compared with the ECHERP model to justify its ***,the simulations will be performed in two scenarios,gate-way-based and without gateway to achieve more energy-efficient results.
The balance of sub-module capacitor voltage is the necessary guarantee for the normal operation of modular multilevel converter (MMC). With the nearest level modulation (NLM), an improved group-sortalgorithm is propo...
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The balance of sub-module capacitor voltage is the necessary guarantee for the normal operation of modular multilevel converter (MMC). With the nearest level modulation (NLM), an improved group-sortalgorithm is proposed in this paper. Based on the average value of arm sub-module capacitor voltages, the sub-modules are divided into two groups, the higher value group and the lower value group. According to the direction of arm current and the number of on-state sub-modules given by NLM, partial sorting in one group is enough to decide the states of the sub-modules in the next cycle, time complexity of group-sortalgorithm is reduced obviously and the same equalization effect is achieved. Finally, simulation is carried out based on a 23-level MMC on MATLAB/SIMULINK. The efficiency and correctness of the group-sortalgorithm are proved.
To quickly get the median value of any given sequence is very important in many research fields. Some popular sortalgorithms are discussed in this paper. Selection sortalgorithm and bubble sort algorithm are redesig...
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To quickly get the median value of any given sequence is very important in many research fields. Some popular sortalgorithms are discussed in this paper. Selection sortalgorithm and bubble sort algorithm are redesigned as incomplete sortalgorithms to quickly give the median value of randomly given sequence. In the new algorithms, only parts of the items in sequence need to be sorted to give the median value, then many data comparison and movement operation are reduced, and the speed of getting median value can be improved greatly. Besides, insertion sortalgorithm and merge sortalgorithm are analyzed thoroughly and found not suitable to be redesigned as incomplete sortalgorithms for this purpose. At last, lots of experiments are done to compare the performance of incomplete selection sortalgorithm and incomplete bubble sort algorithm. Experiment results and algorithm analysis show that incomplete selection sortalgorithm perform very well in case of both short sequence and long sequence.
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