There are increasing concerns over building code, regulation compliance, and quality assurance issues in adopting off-site construction techniques in the construction industry related to meeting client expectations an...
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There are increasing concerns over building code, regulation compliance, and quality assurance issues in adopting off-site construction techniques in the construction industry related to meeting client expectations and regulatory requirements. Performance-based building regulations often allow for space for innovation but not a safe space for those who intend to introduce new construction techniques not prescribed in building regulations. Through a series of surveys conducted in Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, China, Singapore, and Australia, this study identified approaches and practices used in these countries that overcome compliance challenges when off-site construction techniques are used. The findings showed that manufacturer self-certification is the predominant approach for meeting code compliance requirements. A fit-for-purpose regulatory compliance system also warrants fair allocation of risks and liabilities to anyone involved in the supply chain. However, a healthy and functional regulatory system for off-site compliance requires third-party certification for products and factories and traceability. It is hoped that the lessons learned from this study can help policymakers introduce changes in product standards and legislation in order to improve the compliance and performance of off-site construction. This study concluded that a chain of custody approach is necessary in order to address quality concerns surrounding the adoption of prefabrication technology in countries that are increasingly exploring greater use of manufacturing in construction.
This article introduces the new ACI/PCI 319 code, building code Requirements for Structural Precast Concrete-code and Commentary. This document, developed jointly by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and PCI, is b...
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This article introduces the new ACI/PCI 319 code, building code Requirements for Structural Precast Concrete-code and Commentary. This document, developed jointly by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and PCI, is based on existing concrete code requirements from building code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) and includes additional design requirements developed by PCI specifically for structural precast concrete components and systems
Many changes have been made to the design response spectrum used in the ASCE 7 Standard in recent years. One parameter that has not been investigated or revisited since its first appearance in FEMA 450-1/2003 is the l...
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Many changes have been made to the design response spectrum used in the ASCE 7 Standard in recent years. One parameter that has not been investigated or revisited since its first appearance in FEMA 450-1/2003 is the long-period transition period parameter, T-L. The long-period transition period parameter was introduced and defined as the corner period that marks the transition from the constant velocity to the constant displacement segments of the design response spectrum. The long-period transition period parameter is primarily important for long-period structures such as high-rise buildings and bridges. The most current estimation of T-L used in engineering design standards is loosely based on a correlation between modal magnitude M-w and T-L that does not account for stress drop Delta sigma or the crustal velocity in the source region beta. This study aims to include both Delta sigma and beta in its estimation of T-L. Modal magnitude is obtained from disaggregation data from the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) and from the 2021 NSHM for Hawaii (HI). The parameter beta is determined from previous literature. Then, inversion of ground motion models for Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) is used to determine Delta sigma for CEUS events, and published information is used to determine Delta sigma for Western United States (WUS) events and HI events. Then, the definition of the corner period is used to determine T-L. The results yield a generally more conservative (or longer) estimation of T-L than the estimation that is currently used in engineering design standards.
作者：
Ma, PengfeiLi, MengbiTongji Univ
Coll Architecture & Urban Planning Shanghai Peoples R China Victoria Univ
Inst Sustainable Ind & Livable Cities Year Coll 1 Melbourne Australia Victoria Univ
Footscray Pk Campus Room D606dBldg D Melbourne 3011 Australia
The grand building code called Yingzao fashi, drafted in the twelfth-century Song dynasty, was used as a technical reference guide and assisted previous researchers in analyses of premodern Chinese building structures...
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The grand building code called Yingzao fashi, drafted in the twelfth-century Song dynasty, was used as a technical reference guide and assisted previous researchers in analyses of premodern Chinese building structures and construction, yet how the building code entangled with contemporary society, coetaneous challenges and the changing courses of political power deserves a comprehensive investigation. This study applies the research approach of textual analysis to track the vicissitude of the grand building code, examine these contemporary reforming attempts related to the building code, and scrutinise the consequence of the national building code when it was implemented in the later Song dynasty. By tracing the formation, promulgation and implementation of Yingzao fashi in premodern China, this paper reveals that the building standards are the product of emerging philosophical theories and the standardisation of practices is the key strategy in the building and construction reforms. It also concludes that the political and power factors would dominantly influence the evolution of the building code and thwart its effectiveness, thus producing a result opposite to its initial intention in practice.
Purpose New Zealand building code may be serving its purpose to an extent, there is still a need to develop a framework to improve the use and application of building code for better building performance and services....
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Purpose New Zealand building code may be serving its purpose to an extent, there is still a need to develop a framework to improve the use and application of building code for better building performance and services. This study aims to validate the identified parameters in the developed framework to improve building code practice in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach Subject matter experts interview was conducted with key stakeholders that use building code, standards and other associated compliance documents. Findings The findings from this study establish the importance of improving the building code, and the efficacy of validated framework helps to identify the areas with the most pressing needs within the building regulatory system. All the subject matter experts unanimously agreed on educating and training the building code users. Besides, the validated framework will enable the policy decision-makers in the building regulatory system to promote the use of building code and the utilisation of its potentials in reducing disaster while increasing the built environment resilience. The study concludes that the designed framework will create more robust strategy implementations to enhance innovative solutions embedded in performance-based building code. Originality/value This study originality centres on the practical application of an evidence-based framework for performance-based building code, standards and other related compliance documents.
Purpose The New Zealand building code has played a vital role in reducing the impact of disasters in the built environment. Following the nature of earthquake occurrences, the associated impacts such as building colla...
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Purpose The New Zealand building code has played a vital role in reducing the impact of disasters in the built environment. Following the nature of earthquake occurrences, the associated impacts such as building collapse and the increase in technological innovation in the building sector, the New Zealand building code has been frequently amended. The building code amendment ensures that buildings and other related infrastructures can withstand the impact of ground shaking without substantial damages to buildings. The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the benefits of building code amendments in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach Document analysis and closed-ended questionnaire were adopted as data collection instruments for this study. The relevant stakeholders comprise structural engineer, geotechnical engineer, architect, building services consulting engineer, licensed building practitioner, project manager, building contractor, local authority, academic/researcher and quantity surveyor. Findings A significant proportion of the survey participants that agreed to the importance of building code amendments in New Zealand justify the benefits of the amendments. The study serves as a useful guide to policy regulators and researchers who are exploring other aspects of regular building code amendments in New Zealand. The findings from this study suggest that amending the New Zealand building code needs a proactive approach to promote local technology, enhance low-cost construction materials, training of code users and reducing bureaucracy in design approval and construction inspection. The study concludes that improving on the 28 factors identified in this study would contribute intensively to disaster risk reduction in the built environment and an increase in compliance level in New Zealand. Originality/value This paper originality comes from its practical approach towards identifying the benefits of building code amendments
作者：
Yang, FanZhang, JiansongPurdue Univ
Sch Construct Management Technol Automat & Intelligent Construct AutoIC Lab W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ
Digital Twin & Robot Automat Ctr Knowledge Sharing W Lafayette IN 47907 USA
Transforming building code information into a machine-processable format is essential for automated compliance checking, yet it presents significant challenges. A prompt-based framework was developed to automate the c...
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Transforming building code information into a machine-processable format is essential for automated compliance checking, yet it presents significant challenges. A prompt-based framework was developed to automate the conversion into a logic programming language. Its effectiveness was assessed by testing the framework on 51 requirements from the International building code (IBC) 2015, achieving 97.37 % precision and 95.88 % recall at the logic clause level, with only 2 % of the data used for training. Further testing on crash report transformation enhanced efficiency, reducing the average code generation time to approximately 60.8 s, thereby achieving a 27.8 % time savings compared to existing rule-based methods. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by introducing an effective, versatile, and user-friendly approach to automated building code information transformation, markedly decreasing the reliance on training data, time, and manual efforts.
The building code of any country is considered to be a basic technical guidance document for the seismic design of ***,building codes are typically developed for the whole country,without considering site specific mod...
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The building code of any country is considered to be a basic technical guidance document for the seismic design of ***,building codes are typically developed for the whole country,without considering site specific models that incorporate detailed site-specific ***,the adequacy of the design spectrum for building codes may sometimes be *** study the sufficiency of the building codes of Pakistan(BCP-SP-2007),a deterministic seismic hazard analysis(DSHA)based spectrum was developed for a site in the Muzaffargarh area,Pakistan,using an updated earthquake catalogue,seismic source model,and a next generation attenuation model(NGA-WEST-2).Further,an International building code(IBC-2000)spectrum was developed for the study area to compare the *** DSHA-based response spectrum resulted in a peak ground acceleration(PGA)value of 0.21 g for the Chaudwan *** evaluation of BCP-SP-2007 and IBC-2000 spectra provided a critical assessment for analyzing the associated margins.A comparison with the DSHA-based response spectrum showed that the BCP-SP-2007 design spectrum mostly overlapped with the DSHA spectrum unlike ***,special attention is needed for designing buildings in the study area when considering earthquake periods longer than 1 s,and the BCP-SP-2007 spectrum can be enhanced when considering a period range of 0.12-0.64 ***,BCP-SP-2007 is based on a probabilistic approach and its comparison with deterministic results showed the significance of both methods in terms of design.
Ensuring resilience in New Zealand built environment requires regular building code amendments. These amendments have caused some shortfall in complying with the changes. The compliance problems have limited the usefu...
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Ensuring resilience in New Zealand built environment requires regular building code amendments. These amendments have caused some shortfall in complying with the changes. The compliance problems have limited the usefulness of building regulations in the country. This study aims to investigate and explore the challenges facing compliance with the building code amendments and how compliance could be improved. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to the relevant stakeholders in the building industry to seek their individual opinions on the challenges facing compliance with the changes made to the building code. Some of the challenges considered in this study are within the areas of inadequate compliance features, organisational factors, lack of technical training and assistance, lack of building code enforcement, unforeseen consequences of building code amendment and inadequate awareness following building code changes. This study identified some of the challenges facing compliance with building code. The findings in this study reported a high level of respondents that agreed that complexities in the building code, lack of capacity building among the relevant stakeholder, lack of training need assessment, irregular building code update and lack of awareness. However, the study reported a low proportion of corruption, showing that corruption is not an issue in the New Zealand building control system. Improvement in the training of building code users on how to comply with the changes made to the building code should be considered in the future amendment. The paper concludes that most of the challenges confronting building code compliance could be minimised through proactive training, raising awareness and provision of resourceful technical supports to the code users. Also, the paper recommends that building code amendment process should be utilised to address the identified challenges facing building code compliance while simplifying the code requirements.
Purpose The process followed in amending building code creates problems for code users within the building industry. These problems include the need and frequency of changes made to building code, access to updated do...
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Purpose The process followed in amending building code creates problems for code users within the building industry. These problems include the need and frequency of changes made to building code, access to updated documents, method of communication, amendment interval and amendment pathway. This study aims to explore the viewpoints of building code users regarding building code amendments in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach Using a closed-ended questionnaire survey, this paper examined the New Zealand building code amendments by evaluating the views of experienced and relevant stakeholders within the research area. Findings A high proportion (50.90%) of the survey participants agreed to a three-years building code amendment cycle, as against the current biannual Amendment practiced in New Zealand. Findings from the study affirmed the necessity for building code amendment and the support for free amended building code documents to the public and other building standards. The study concludes with strong support to the use of intensive research and learning gained from disasters in building code amendment in New Zealand. Implementing the code users opinions encourages disaster resilience through effective application of the building code requirements in design and construction. Originality/value The contribution from this study offered a unique insight into the perspectives of building code users on building code amendment in New Zealand and ways of incorporating the findings in the building code later updates to improve disaster resilience in the built environment.
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