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Vapor Recompression c 3 Splitter: Design and control

IFAc-PapersOnLine 2020年第1期53卷 117-122页

作者： Aditya Anand Vivek Kumar Nitin Kaistha Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India 208016

Vapor recompression (VRc) based heat integration is usually employed for purifying a propylene-propane mixture in a c 3 splitter. A fixed speed drive or a variable speed drive compressor may be employed for overhead vapor recompression. In this work, economic controllable designs for the two compressor types in a VRc c 3 splitter are obtained via rigorous steady state and pressure driven closed loop dynamic simulations. A simple dual ended decentralized composition control system is shown to provide effective column regulation. The economic controllable design results indicate that when a fixed speed drive compressor is used, significant pressure drop must be provided across the compressor suction throttling valve for sufficient rangeability towards worst-case disturbance rejection. Accordingly, the column pressure and necessary compression ratio are higher for an overall more expensive process compared to a variable speed drive compressor. The case study highlights the importance for considering control at the conceptual design stage for designing a robust operable process.

关键词： c 3 splitter process design controllability process control

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In situ XRD study of the effect of H 2 O on Fe 5 c 2 phase and Fischer-Tropsch performance

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Journal of Fuel chemistry and Technology 2020年第1期48卷 75-82页

作者： Tian-yu GUO Su-yao LIU Ming QING Jing-li FENG Zhen-gang LÜ Hong WANG Yong YANG State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co. Ltd Beijing 101407 China

In situ XRD reaction device combined with the online gas chromatography was used to study the oxidation behavior of the effect of H 2 O content (4.36%, 1.68%, 0.56%) on the phase and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) performance of the single phase Fe 5 c 2 . The results show that the oxidation rate of the Fe 5 c 2 phase increases with the increase of the content of injected H 2 O. Meanwhile, the particle size of Fe 5 c 2 phase decreases and more active sites exposes during the H 2 O oxidation, resulting in the increase of the FTS activity. Furthermore, the FTS activity increases with the increase of the oxidation times, but the selectivity of cH 4 increases and the c 5+ selectivity decreases gradually.

关键词： Fe 5 c 2 H 2 O oxidation in situ XRD Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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Impact of Patient Alignment on Image Quality in c-Arm computed Tomography – Evaluation Using an AcR Phantom

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RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 2020年第4期193卷 417-426页

作者： Babak Alikhani Julius Renne Sabine Maschke Jan B. Hinrichs Frank K. Wacker Thomas Werncke Center for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine DIAKOVERE Hospital gGmbH Hannover Germany Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany

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Phase 1 Study of OPT-302 Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors c and D for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA 2020年第3期4卷 250-263页

作者： Dugel, Pravin U. Boyer, David S. Antoszyk, Andrew N. Steinle, Nathan c. Varenhorst, Michael P. Pearlman, Joel A. Gillies, Mark c. Finger, Robert P. Baldwin, Megan E. Leitch, Ian M. Retinal Consultants Arizona Phoenix AZ USA Retina Vitreous Associates Med Grp Beverly Hills CA USA Charlotte Eye Ear Nose & Throat Associates Charlotte NC USA Calif Retina Consultants Santa Barbara CA USA Vitreo Retinal Consultants & Surg Wichita KS USA Retinal Consultants Med Grp Sacramento CA USA Univ Sydney Save Sight Inst Sydney NSW Australia Univ Bonn Dept Ophthalmol Bonn Germany Opthea Ltd Level 4650 Chapel St South Yarra Vic 3195 Australia

Purpose: OPT-302 is a novel inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-c and VEGF-D. A phase 1 trial assessed the safety of intravitreal OPT-302 as monotherapy or combined with ranibizumab (Lucentis;Genentech, South San Francisco, cA) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design: Open-label, dose escalation followed by a randomized dose expansion. Participants: Fifty-one patients with nAMD who were either treatment naive (n = 25) or previously were treated with anti-VEGF A therapy (n = 26). Methods: In the dose escalation, groups of 5 patients in 4 cohorts received ascending doses of OPT-302 (0.3 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg) in combination with ranibizumab (0.5 mg), or as monotherapy (2 mg). In the dose expansion, 31 patients were randomized (3:1) to OPT-302 (2 mg) in combination with ranibizumab (n = 23) or as monotherapy (n = 8). Participants received three intravitreal treatments of OPT-302 once every 4 weeks either with or without ranibizumab. Main Outcome Measures: Safety and tolerability, OPT-302 pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity, effects on best-corrected visual acuity (BcVA), and anatomic changes. Results: Intravitreal OPT-302 with or without ranibizumab was well tolerated with low systemic exposure, no dose-limiting toxicities and no immunogenicity. In patients receiving OPT-302 monotherapy, 7 of 13 (54%) did not require rescue anti-VEGF-A therapy and the mean change in BcVA from baseline to week 12 was +5.6 letters (range, 0-18 letters). Mean BcVA gains from baseline to week 12 following combination OPT-302 with ranibizumab were +10.8 letters (95% confidence interval [cI], 4-17;n = 18) in treatment-naive patients and +4.9 letters (95% cI, 3-7;n = 19) in previously treated patients, respectively. corresponding reductions in mean central subfield thickness at week 12 in both groups were -119 mu m (95% cI, -176 to -62 mu m) and -54 mu m (95% cI, -82 to -26 mu m), respectively, whilst 50% of treatment-naive patients also sho

关键词： AE adverse event AMD age-related macular degeneration BcVA best-corrected visual acuity cI confidence interval c max maximum concentration cNV choroidal neovascularization cST central subfield thickness DLT dose-limiting toxicity ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study FA fluorescein angiography IOP intraocular pressure nAMD neovascular age-related macular degeneration PIGF placental growth factor SAE serious adverse event SD spectral-domain SRF subretinal fluid VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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Synthesis, microstructure and hardness of Al 7075/B4c/Fly-ash composite using stir casting method

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 27卷 2401-2406页

作者： Mohit Kumar Sahu Raj Kumar Sahu National Institute of Technology Raipur G.E. Road Raipur Chhattisgarh 492010 India

Stir-casting is the appropriate and economical technique for HAMcs synthesis as it produces uniformly reinforcement distributed composite retaining finer grains. In the present work, Al 7075/ x %wt.B 4 c/2%wt. fly-ash HAMcs were fabricated via stir casting route, where x is weight percentage of boron carbide ( x  = 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%). Incorporation and distribution of reinforcement particles in HAMcs were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical micrographs. Also, Micro-hardness tests were conducted at seven locals points in hardness specimen to see the variation of hardness values. The coefficient of variation was calculated to ensure uniform hardness values, which further confirm the uniform distribution of reinforcements in the prepared composite. Moreover, mathematical modelling was done to obtain the empirical relation of micro-hardness of composite with respect to fly-ash and boron carbide content, which shows the correlation between the micro-hardness and reinforcements contents in the HAMc. The synthesized HAMcs may be suitable in automobile and aerospace application where low cost, lightweight, high temperature resistant and high wear resistant composite are required.

关键词： AMcs Aluminium matrix composites HAMcs Hybrid aluminium matrix composites Al 7075 Aluminium alloy 7075 FA Fly-Ash Sc Stir casting PM Powder Metallurgy B 4 c Boron carbide Al Aluminium K 2 TiF 6 Potassium hexa fluoro titanate Mg Magnesium Hybrid aluminum matrix composites (HAMcs) Aluminum 7075 Stir-casting Homogeneous distribution Micro-hardness

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Pathological characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection in hepatitis c virus-associated or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2020年第2期8卷 67-77页

作者： Hatem Elalfy Tarek Besheer Dina Elhammady Ahmed El Mesery Shaker Wagih Shaltout Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud Ahmed I Amin Ahmed Nasr Bekhit Mahmoud Abd El Aziz Mahmoud El-Bendary Endemic Medicine Department Faculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Tropical Medicine Department Faculty of MedicinePort Said UniversityPort Said 42511Egypt Internal Medicine Department Faculty of MedicinePort Said UniversityPort Said 42511Egypt Tropical Medicine Department Zagazig General HospitalZagazig 44511Egypt

Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,by definition,is a state in which infection with this virus does not manifest with the conventional diagnostic laboratory criteria reserved for the obvious form of HBV *** a result,occult HBV infection is commonly a surprise finding discovered accidently during the evaluation of other apparent liver diseases,such as hepatitis c virus(HcV)infection or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and,more importantly,their evolution into life-threatening hepatocellular *** infection with HcV and occult HBV is rarely considered when assessing these more obvious conditions,and in an attempt to offer a better understanding of this phenomenon,this study attempted to shed some light onto the uniqueness of occult HBV infection by addressing the natural history of HBV and HcV infections,as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver *** was carried out by taking into account the exclusive integration process undertaken by the HBV genome into infected host hepatocytes,with consideration given to conditions which afford reactivation of the occult infection and stress on the molecular mechanisms that underlie occult HBV ***,the clinical outcome of occult HBV infection and its relation to hepatocellular carcinoma is analyzed.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B virus Hepatitis c virus Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma clinical outcome Pathophysiology of occult hepatitis B virus

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Impact of Particle Size Distribution for Variable Mixing Time on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evaluation of Al-cu/B 4 c composite

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 22卷 1715-1722页

作者： G.N. Lokesh S. Karunakara Department of Mechanical Engineering SOE Presidency University Rajankunte Yelahanka Bangalore 560064 India Department of Mechanical Engineering City Engineering College Kanakpura road Bangalore 560062 India

In the present work the combined effects of particle size and distribution on the mechanical properties of the 20vol.% B 4 c particle reinforced Al–cu alloy composites by powder metallurgy is investigated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mixing time (5h, 15h and 25h) and particle size (23µm and 67µm) of B 4 c particles on the metallurgical and mechanical properties. It has been found that small ratio between matrix/reinforcement particles sizes resulted in more uniform distribution in the matrix. The particles distributed more uniformly in the matrix with increasing in mixing time. The results also showed that homogenous distribution of the B 4 c particles resulted in higher hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Fracture surface observations showed that the dominant fracture mechanism of the composites with small B 4 c particle size (23µm) is ductile fracture of the matrix, accompanied by the “pull-out” of the particles from the matrix, which is attributed to positive effect of reinforcement particles in resistance to the movement of dislocations while the dominant fracture mechanism of the composites with large B 4 c particle size (67µm) is ductile fracture of the matrix, accompanied by the B 4 c particle fracture

关键词： Powder metallurgy B 4 c Mechanical properties Particle size

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Hardware-In-the-Loop Evaluation of a Robust c ⁎ control Law on MuPAL-α Research Aircraft ⁎

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IFAc-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 14833-14838页

作者： R. Takase A. Marcos M. Sato S. Suzuki Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics The University of Tokyo Japan Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Bristol United Kingdom (Technology for AeroSpace Control (TASC) Aeronautical Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan Institute of Future Initiatives The University of Tokyo Japan

This article presents the design and evaluation of a robust c ⁎ control law through Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) of JAXA’s research aircraft called Multi-Purpose Aviation Laboratory (MuPAL-α). The c ⁎ control law, which is a widely used flight control architecture in aviation industries, is designed using structured H ∞ synthesis. This design method provides robustness of the controller for flight condition changes and uncertainties associated with the dynamics of MuPAL-α. HILS tests allow on-ground evaluation of controllers using actual actuators. The HILS results show that the designed controller adequately tracks pilot commands in the presence of airspeed variation, uncertainties in the modeling of the onboard actuators, and wind gust.

关键词： robust control flight controller c ⁎ control law Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS)

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Evaluation of the behavior of D-Gun sprayed coatings on T-11 boiler steel at 900 °c temperature

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 26卷 549-555页

作者： Rutash Mittal Harmanjot Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Mimit Malout 152107 India

D-Gun thermal spray technique was used to deposit cr 3 c 2 -Nicr and cr 2 O 3 coatings on T-11 boiler steel in the present study. Hot corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated samples of T-11 boiler was analyzed for 50 cycles at 900 °c in the simulated Na 2 SO 4 -60%V 2 O 5 condition. Kinetics of corrosion was measured by using thermogravimetric studies. Surface and cross sectional analysis has been reported by using XRD and SEM/EDS to know the formation of corrosion products. Uncoated sample has shown spalling and degradation of oxide scale. cr 2 O 3 coated sample has shown detachment of coating from the substrate after 1st cycle. cr 3 c 2 -Nicr coating has shown the protective behavior as well as corrosion resistance in the reported environment by virtue of protective oxides.

关键词： Hot corrosion D-Gun cr 3 c 2 -Nicr cr 2 O 3 SEM/EDS and XRD

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c对cu-14Fe合金微观组织的影响

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特种铸造及有色合金 2020年第9期40卷 1042-1044页

作者：刘秋香郭炜邹晋陆德平江西省科学院江西省铜钨新材料重点实验室南昌330029

采用真空感应电炉熔炼制备了cu-14Fe合金铸锭,利用X射线衍射仪、场发射透射电镜及能谱分析仪,研究了c对cu-14Fe合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,c的加入使得cu-14Fe合金中富Fe相呈球状,且较为均匀地分布于cu基体中。富Fe相是以α-Fe形式存... 详细信息

采用真空感应电炉熔炼制备了cu-14Fe合金铸锭,利用X射线衍射仪、场发射透射电镜及能谱分析仪,研究了c对cu-14Fe合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,c的加入使得cu-14Fe合金中富Fe相呈球状,且较为均匀地分布于cu基体中。富Fe相是以α-Fe形式存在,且富Fe相中分布着大量纳米尺度的cu颗粒。此外,c还可促进富Fe相析出,降低Fe在基体中的固溶度。

关键词： cu-14Fe合金 c 固溶度富Fe相

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