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Transformer oil reclamation by combining several strategies enhanced by the use of four adsorbents

IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第11期11卷 2912-2920页

作者： Safiddine, L. Zafour, Amel Hadj-Ziane Fofana, Issouf Skender, Abdelhak Guerbas, Fettouma Boucherit, Ahmed Univ Saad Dahlab Blida 1 Lab Genie Chim Route SoumaaBP 270-09000 Blida Algeria Spa SKMK Chef Div Sonelgaz Blida Algeria Univ Quebec Chicoutimi ViAHT Chicoutimi PQ Canada USTHB Univ LSEI Lab BP 32 El Alia 16111 Bab Ezzouar Alger Algeria

From an environmental perspective, petroleum-based aged oils removed from power transformers are source of several pollutants and therefore cannot be disposed of without due care. The degradation of oil in in-service transformers is due to various factors concurrent with the operation of the units over several years. The present study proposes a new strategy to rejuvenate used mineral oils by combining centrifugation, dehydration and sorption with four different adsorbents: activated carbon (AcH), silica gel (SG), magnesium oxide (MO) and activated bentonite (AB). The process of regeneration proposed in this study resulted in a level of restoration that saw the used oil take on the characteristics of new oil (colour, dissipation factor, resistivity, permittivity, acid number). The results also showed that the optimum form of the re-refined base oil can be attributed to a 10% (w/w) quaternary mixture of the adsorbents, itself comprised of 1% AcH, 6% SG, 1% MO and 2% AB. The anticipated benefits are reduced risk of dielectric breakdown blamed for over 75% of extra high-voltage (EHV) power transformer failures and extended transformer life expectancy by retarding the solid insulation aging processes.

关键词： activated carbon power transformer insulation transformer oil gels manganese compounds dissociation sorption minerals transformer oil reclamation adsorbents petroleum-based aged oils pollutants in-service transformers mineral oils centrifugation dehydration sorption activated carbon silica gel magnesium oxide activated bentonite regeneration process dielectric breakdown high-voltage power transformer failures extended transformer life expectancy solid insulation aging processes c MnO

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Surgical approach for hepatitis c virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第1期7卷 70-77页

作者： Junichi Shindoh Masaji Hashimoto Goro Watanabe Hepatobiliary-pancreatic Surgery Division Department of Digestive SurgeryToranomon HospitalTokyo 105-8470Japan Okinaka Memorial Research Center for Adult Diseases Tokyo 105-8470Japan

Hepatitis c is a strong prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc). Although liver resection and liver transplantation offer the chance of a cure for Hcc,adequate management of co-existing infection with hepatitis c virus(HcV) is important to enable better long-term outcomes after surgery for HcV-related Hcc. For patients undergoing liver resection,perioperative anti-viral treatment is recommended,since a decreased HcV viral load itself is reportedly associated with a lower tumor recurrence rate and a longer overall survival. For patients undergoing transplanatations for Hcc complicated by end-stage liver disease,the post-transplant management of HcV infection is also necessary to prevent progressive graft injury caused by active hepatitis under the immunosuppressive condition that is needed after liver transplantation. Although only a few lines of solid evidence are available for postoperative antiviral treatment because of the limited indication and frequent adverse events caused by conventional high-dose combination interferon therapy,new direct acting anti-viral agents would enable interferon-free anti-viral treatment with a higher virologic response and minimal side effects.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis c Liverresection Liver transplantation Adjuvant therapy

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Oxidative stress modulation in hepatitis c virus infected cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第29期7卷 2880-2889页

作者： Sonia A Lozano-Sepulveda Owen L Bryan-Marrugo carlos cordova-Fletes Maria c Gutierrez-Ruiz Ana M Rivas-Estilla Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonMonterreyNuevo Leon 64460Mexico Department of Health Sciences Biological Sciences and Health DivisionSchool of Biological SciencesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) replication is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, where the virus can induce cellular stress. Oxidative cell damage plays an important role in HcV physiopathology. Oxidative stress is triggered when the concentration of oxygen species in the extracellular or intracellular environment exceeds antioxidant defenses. cells are protected and modulate oxidative stress through the interplay of intracellular antioxidant agents, mainly glutathione system(GSH) and thioredoxin; and antioxidant enzyme systems such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1. Also, the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants(vitamin c and E, N-acetylcysteine, glycyrrhizin, polyenylphosphatidyl choline, mitoquinone, quercetin, S-adenosylmethionine and silymarin) has already shown promising results as co-adjuvants in HcV therapy. Despite all the available information, it is not known how different agents with antiviral activity can interfere with the modulation of the cell redox state induced by HcV and decrease viral replication. This review describes an evidence-based consensus on molecular mechanisms involved in HcV replication and their relationship with cell damage induced by oxidative stress generated by the virus itself and cell antiviral machinery. It also describes some molecules that modify the levels of oxidative stress in HcV-infected cells.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Oxidative stress Reactiveoxygen species Vitamin E Antioxidants Glycyrrhizin S-adenosylmethionine N-acetylcysteine Silymarin

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Distinct protein kinase c isozymes mediates inhibitory effects of different G-protein coupled receptors on cardiac rapidly activating delayed rectifier K ~ current

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中国药理学通报 2015年第B11期31卷 165-166页

Aim Evidence has shown that stimulation of alA-adrenorecetors receptor （alA-AR） or angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R） acutely down-regulates the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ＋ current （IKr） via protein kinase c （PKc）. This study was designed to investigate which PKc isozymes mediate down-regulations of IKr by alA-AR and AT1R. Method The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKr in native cardio- myocytes and in human embryonic kidney （HEK） 293 cells co-transfected with human ether-a-go-go related gene （hERG） encoding α-subunit of IKr and human alA-AR or AT1R gene. Result In isolated guinea-pig ventricular cardiomyocytes the inhibitory action of Ang II on IKr was little affected by Go6976 （selectively inhibiting PKcα, β and γ） and Go6983 （selectively inhibiting PKcα, β, γ , δ, and ζ）, but was significantly antagonized by an inter- nal dialysis with PKce-selective inhibitory peptide εV1 -2. In contrast, the inhibitory action of alA-AR agonist A61603 on IKr was remarkably attenuated by Go6976 or Go6983, but not affected by peptide εV1 -2. Moreover, specific PKc-selective inhibitory peptide antagonized the effect of A61603. The results suggested that PKce and PKcα isoform respectively mediated the inhibitory effect of AT1R and a1A-AR. In heterologous expression system, both PKcα and e-selective activator peptides down regulated hERG current with different manner. PKcα activator peptide shifted the activation curve of the channel to the right, but PKce-selective activator peptide did not. Simi- larly, A61603 shifted the activation curve to the right, whereas Ang Ⅱ had no effect. In addition, both A61603 and PKcα activator peptide showed inhibitory action on bERG A PKc current （an bERG mutant in which 17 of the 18 ROSITE-predicted PKc acceptor serines/threonines were changed to alanine） with a similar potency to wild type bERG current. But, both Ang Ⅱ and PKce-selective activator peptide exhibited no effects on bERG △ PKc cur- rent. The resu

关键词： rapidly activating delayed rectifier K + current protein kinase c AT1R alA-AR

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Treatment of chronic hepatitis c in liver transplant candidates and recipients: Where do we stand?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第12期7卷 1606-1616页

作者： chrysoula Pipili Evangelos cholongitas Division of Nephrology Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh 4th Department of Internal Medicine Medical Medical School of Aristotle University Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki

The first generation direct antiviral agents(DAAs) highlighted substantial prognosis improvement among liver transplant(LT) candidates and recipients with recurrent hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection. During2014, second generation DAAs are associated with high sustained virological response rates(> 95%), shortened duration courses and relatively few toxicities. In keeping with the currently available data, patients with decompensated cirrhosis awaiting LT is preferable to be treated with interferon-free, new generation DAAs, with or without ribavirin combinations. Although data about the safety of new DAAs combinations in this patient population are limited, sofosbuvir and daclatasvir pharmacokinetics do not appear to change significantly in moderate or severe liver impairment, while other new DAAs(simeprevir, asunaprevir) seem to be contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment(child-Pugh class c). On the other hand, sofosbuvir should not be given in patients with glomerular filtration rate ≤ 30 m L/min, but ongoing trials will clarify better this issue. With the objective that newer antiviral combinations will yield safer and more efficient manipulation of HcV recurrence posttransplant, the European Association for the Study of the Liver has recently updated its recommendations towards this direction. Nevertheless the new antivirals' high cost may be the biggest challenge to their implementation worldwide.

关键词： Liver transplantation Decompensatedcirrhosis Hepatitis c New antiviral agents Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Daclatasvir Recurrent hepatitis c

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carbon nanotube photothermionics: Toward laser-pointer-driven cathodes for simple free-electron devices and systems

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MRS BULLETIN 2017年第7期42卷 500-504页

作者： Nojeh, Alireza Univ British Columbia Quantum Matter Inst Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC Canada

Light-induced generation of free electrons is of interest for a wide variety of vacuum electronic devices and systems. The properties of nanomaterials, stemming from their geometry and the strong manifestation of quantum phenomena in them, have opened up new avenues for developing new cathodes and exploring and exploiting electron emission. This article presents the heat trap effect-efficient localized heating of carbon nanotube arrays using light, leading to electron emission through the thermionic mechanism. This process requires unexpectedly modest amounts of optical power-available from sources such as handheld lasers-and dramatically simplifies the electron emitter. Potential applications, including thermionic and thermoelectric conversion for solar-energy harvesting and simple electron-beam systems, are also highlighted.

关键词： c nanostructure laser photoemission thermionic emission

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All-oral interferon-free treatments:The end of hepatitis c virus story,the dream and the reality

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第22期7卷 2363-2368页

作者： Luigi E Adinolfi Barbara Guerrera Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalGeriatric and Metabolic SciencesSecond University of Naples

The year 2014 marked the beginning of the end of the interferon era and the triumph of the all-oral interferon-free regimens for treatment of hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection. These innovative therapies are safe and yield a cure rate of over 90%. The scientifichepatology community is euphoric about the possibility of elimination and even eradication of HcV infection. However,the current high cost of the new all-oral regimens allows access to treatment only for a restricted number of HcV-infected patients. In addition,many other conditions such as modality of access and delivery of care,inadequate knowledge of HcV epidemiology and political commitments to be undertaken,hamper the fulfillment of the dream to eliminate the virus. Since,such conditions are not impossible to overcome,a global urgent effort must be made to allow a widespread access to the new treatments which will permit in the next years to avoid million of HcV-related deaths.

关键词： Sofosbuvir Simeprevir New-oral hepatitis c virus t

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miR-380调控羊驼黑色素细胞MAPK/ERK信号通路

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中国生物化学与分子生物学报 2018年第8期34卷 876-883页

作者：杜斌刘学贤姬凯元杨姗姗刘博张俊珍范瑞文山西农业大学动物科技学院羊驼生物工程解剖实验室山西太谷030801

miR-380是不同羊驼毛色中差异表达的基因之一,但是否与黑色素生成有关未见报道。为了丰富调控黑色素生成的机制,挖掘黑色素生成路径中所涉及到的更多新的基因并揭示miR-380在黑色素细胞中的功能,本实验通过生物信息学方法预测出MAPK信... 详细信息

miR-380是不同羊驼毛色中差异表达的基因之一,但是否与黑色素生成有关未见报道。为了丰富调控黑色素生成的机制,挖掘黑色素生成路径中所涉及到的更多新的基因并揭示miR-380在黑色素细胞中的功能,本实验通过生物信息学方法预测出MAPK信号通路的成员MAP3K6是miR-380的靶基因之一。在293T细胞中共转染miR-380和MAP3K6后,与对照组相比双荧光报告酶活性下降(28.92±25.63)%(P<0.01),下降趋势明显,说明MAP3K6可能是miR-380的靶基因之一;在羊驼黑色素细胞中转染miR-380后,MAP3K6、MEK1、ERK1/2、cREB和MITF在转录水平的表达量与Nc组相比具有显著下降趋势,其中cREB下降趋势尤为显著(64.20±54.30)%(P<0.01),Western印迹检测MAP3K6、p-MEK1、p-ERK1/2、cREB和MITF在蛋白质水平的表达与Nc组相比下降趋势明显且p-MEK1和cREB基因下降极为显著,分别为(29.09±10.68)%(P<0.001)和(47.12±6.70)%(P<0.001),抑制组则反之。通过Masson-Fontana黑色素颗粒染色法检测miR-380抑制黑色素细胞产生黑色素颗粒,用紫外分光度法检测真黑素(eumelanin,EM)和褐黑素(pheomelanin,PM),含量结果提示EM与PM含量分别下降为(38.63±2.00)%(P<0.01),(54.10±5.73)%(P<0.001)且PM含量下降极为显著。综上所述miR-380通过靶向抑制MAP3K6等基因的表达,从而对MAPK/ERK信号通路起调控作用,最终影响黑色素生成生物学功能,此研究对哺乳动物毛色形成机制和防止皮肤受紫外辐射有重要意义。

关键词： miR-380 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶6 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶胞外信号调节激酶1/2 c AMP反应元件结合蛋白质小眼畸形转录因子黑色素细胞

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Dry slide wear behavior of boron carbide filled epoxy composites

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2018年第2期5卷 7289-7295页

作者： A. Madhanagopal S Gopalakannan Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering Arni Anna University Tamilnadu 632326 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Adhiparasakthi Engineering college MelmaruvathurTamilnadu 603319 India

This experimentation is done for predicting the co-efficient of friction and the wear rate of epoxy composite with B 4 c as filler by using pin on disk apparatus in non lubricated conditions. The three different samples (1%, 2%, 4%) were prepared based the percentage of filler addition to the epoxy resin. This experimental result is obtained by varying the operating parameters of contact pressure and velocity. This tribological data is obtained for the two constant sliding distances 1198m and 2402m respectively. The wear behavior of the material is predicted from the plots drawn for the co-efficient of friction and the wear rate with respect to load (1kg, 2kg and 3kg) and velocity (1m/s, 2m/s) conditions. The result shows that the binding strength drops as the load increases leads to more mass loss. The specific wear rate reaches 2.1(mm 3 /N-m×10 -6 ) and the corresponding co-efficient of friction is 0.38 is for the 2% sample under 3kg load. But for the other samples 1% and 4% they do not prove such appreciable rise in the output magnitude. The mechanical behavior of the material is predicted to support the results.

关键词： Wear Epoxy B 4 c filler particle Polymer composite Dry sliding

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Management of telaprevir-based triple therapy for hepatitis c virus recurrence post liver transplant

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第9期7卷 1287-1296页

作者： Kerstin Herzer Angela Papadopoulos-Khn Anne Achterfeld Ali canbay Katja Piras-Straub Andreas Paul Andreas Walker Jrg Timm Guido Gerken Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Essen Department of General-Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University Hospital Essen Institute for Virology Heinrich Heine University

AIM: To characterize management of telaprevir(TVR)-based triple therapy of hepatitis c virus(HcV) reinfection after liver transplantation(LT).METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed safety and efficacy of telaprevir- based triple therapy in a single center cohort of 19 patients with HcV genotype(GT) 1 recurrence after LT, with respect to factors possibly predicting sustained viral response(SVR) or non-SVR. All patients were treated with TVR, pegylated(PEG) and ribavirine(RBV) for 12 wk followed by a dual phase with PEG/RBV for 12 wk in 7 patients and for 36 wk in 5 patients. RESULTS: In total 11/19(58%) of patients achieved a sustained response. All(11/11) SVR patients showed a rapid viral response at treatment weeks 4 and 11/14 rapid virological response(RVR) patients achieved SVR. Notably, all(7/7) patients who completed 48 wk of therapy and 80%(4/5) patients who completed 24 wk of therapy achieved SVR24. Treatment failure was significantly(P > 0.049) more frequent in GT1 a infection(5/7) compared to GT1b(3/12) infection and was associated with emergence of resistance-associated mutations in the NS3 protease domain. Bilirubin level at baseline is also related to SVR(P > 0.030). None of the patients had to discontinue treatment due to side effects. cONcLUSION: RVR, GT and bilirubin are clearly related to achievement of SVR. Providing a thorough patient selection and monitoring, a full course of TVR-based triple therapy in LT patients is feasible and achieves high SVR rates.

关键词： Liver transplantation Telaprevir Hepatitisc virus recurrence Predictors Hepatitis c virus therapy

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