correctly synchronizing multithreaded programs is challenging and errors can lead to program failures such as atomicity violations. Existing strong memory consistency models rule out some possible failures, but are li...
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(纸本)9781450349116
correctly synchronizing multithreaded programs is challenging and errors can lead to program failures such as atomicity violations. Existing strong memory consistency models rule out some possible failures, but are limited by depending on programmer-defined locking code. We present the new Ordering-Free Region (OFR) serializability consistency model that ensures atomicity for OFRs, which are spans of dynamic instructions between consecutive ordering constructs (e.g., barriers), without breaking atomicity at lock operations. Our platform, Serializable Ordering-Free Regions for Increasing Thread Atomicity Scalably (SOFRITAS), ensures a c/c++ program's execution is equivalent to a serialization of OFRs by default. We build two systems that realize the SOFRITAS idea: a concurrency bug finding tool for testing called SofriTest, and a production runtime system called SoPro. SofriTest uses OFRs to find concurrency bugs, including a multi-critical-section atomicity violation in memcached that weaker consistency models will miss. If OFRs are too coarse-grained, SofriTest suggests refinement annotations automatically. Our software-only SoPro implementation has high performance, scales well with increased parallelism, and prevents failures despite bugs in locking code. SoPro has an average overhead of just 1.59x on a single-threaded execution and 1.51x on sixteen threads, despite pthreads' much weaker memory model.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- is a pleiotropiccytokine that triggers cell proliferation, cell death, or inflammation. Besides its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, TNF- exerts tumor promoting activity. Aberrant TNF- s...
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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- is a pleiotropiccytokine that triggers cell proliferation, cell death, or inflammation. Besides its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, TNF- exerts tumor promoting activity. Aberrant TNF- signaling promotes cancer cell motility, invasiveness, and enhances cancer metastasis. Exaggerated tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by TNF- has been attributed to the activation of NF-B signaling. It is yet to be elucidated if other signaling pathways and effector molecules are involved in TNF--induced cancer cell migration and metastasis. Expression of c/EBP, a transcription factor involved in metabolism, inflammation, and cancer, is increased upon TNF- treatment. TNF- induces c/EBP expression by enhancing its transcription and protein stability. Activation of p38 MAPK, but not NF-B or JNK, is responsible for TNF--induced stabilization of c/EBP protein. c/EBP is involved in TNF--induced cancer cell migration. Knockdown of c/EBP inhibits TNF--induced cell migration, while overexpression of c/EBP increases migration of cancer cells. c/EBP is translated into transcriptional activator LAP1 and LAP2 and transcriptional repressor LIP utilizing alternative in-frame translation start sites. Despite TNF- induces expression of all three isoforms, LAP1/2, but not LIP, promote cancer cell migration. TNF- induced MMP1/3 expression, which was abrogated by c/EBP knockdown or p38 MAPK inhibition. MMP inhibitor or knockdown of MMP1/3 diminished TNF-- and c/EBP-induced cell migration. Thus, c/EBP mediates TNF--induced cancer cell migration by inducing MMP1/3 expression, and may participate in the regulation of inflammation-associated cancer metastasis. J. cell. Biochem. 116: 2766-2777, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxidative transformations of c 1 -c 4 alkanes into olefins on oxide manganese catalysts were under study. We also studied oxidative coupling of methane (OcM) into ethylene on deposited and applied on the silicon dioxi...
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Oxidative transformations of c 1 -c 4 alkanes into olefins on oxide manganese catalysts were under study. We also studied oxidative coupling of methane (OcM) into ethylene on deposited and applied on the silicon dioxide catalysts. We studied the influence of chemical composition of catalyst and promotors on the OcM. Adding a little amount of ethane and propane hydrocarbons to methane allows increasing the concentration of ethylene in gases and significantly increasing productivity in ethylene. The study also shows the impact of the amount of manganese and promotors applied on SiO 2 on the yield of olefins during the conversion of c 3 -c 4 alkanes.
Pd(II)–MoS 2 catalyst was designed by affording Pd 2+ salt on the surface of single-layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. . Based on the dispersible template, this metal salt and molybdenum disulfide complex offer...
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Pd(II)–MoS 2 catalyst was designed by affording Pd 2+ salt on the surface of single-layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. . Based on the dispersible template, this metal salt and molybdenum disulfide complex offered several advantages, including easy preparation, low cost, and capability to prepare excellent dispersible metal ion cluster nanostructures. The application of this complex in alkenylation of heteroaromatics was reported. Direct c H activation of indoles, furans and thiophenes was carried out to combine with several kinds of terminal olefins. This catalyst also performed high efficiency in several other kinds of coupling reactions. Thus, a universal suitable catalyst for c H activation and cc bond formation was invented by a convenient in situ preparation.
Vitamin c is a water soluble vitamin found in many natural sources, citric fruits, vegetables, particularly as antioxidants and as a factor to catabolism and metabolism. The aim of this article is to correlate the lev...
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Vitamin c is a water soluble vitamin found in many natural sources, citric fruits, vegetables, particularly as antioxidants and as a factor to catabolism and metabolism. The aim of this article is to correlate the level of vitamin c and the hydroxyproline level in urine samples among young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years. Materials and Methods: Urine samples of 34 individuals of both sexes, their ages ranged from 5 - 14 years were collected and analyzed for determination of Urinary Hydroxyproline by using Modified Neuman and Logan Method. The result of this study shows a significant correlation between Vitamin c and Hydroxyproline at level 0.01. The conclusion of this study was that low vitamin c intake was found among young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years, Vitamin c should be supplemented in the drinks taken by young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years as well as further research and investigation with large samples required to include all children from middle and southern Palestine.
The nanowire-shaped α-MoO 3 and various metal-doped (W, Nb and Ta) α-MoO 3 was synthesized by hydrothermal route. The synthesized metal oxides were converted into corresponding carbides by carburization method using...
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The nanowire-shaped α-MoO 3 and various metal-doped (W, Nb and Ta) α-MoO 3 was synthesized by hydrothermal route. The synthesized metal oxides were converted into corresponding carbides by carburization method using urea as carbon source. The synthesized carbides were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the electrocatalytic activity for triiodide reduction was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The order of electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials are, W-α-Mo 2 c > α-Mo 2 c > Ta-α-Mo 2 c > Nb-α-Mo 2 c. The dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated with W-α-Mo 2 ccounter electrode found to show the better power conversion efficiency (2.53± 0.02%) than pure α-Mo 2 c, Nb and Ta-doped α-Mo 2 c. This study indicates that the W-doped α-Mo 2 c is a potential electrocatalyst for the applications in cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells.
To study the mechanisms underlying the IL-6-promoted angiogenic microenvironment in EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma, VEGF expression in EGFRvIII-positive/negative tumors was determined by optical molecular imaging. Nex...
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To study the mechanisms underlying the IL-6-promoted angiogenic microenvironment in EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma, VEGF expression in EGFRvIII-positive/negative tumors was determined by optical molecular imaging. Next, the HUVEc tube formation assay, Western blot, qPcR, RNA silencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter and ELISA assays were performed to examine the role of IL-6 and c/EBP in the formation of the angiogenic microenvironment in EGFRvIII-positive tumors. Finally, in vitro and in vivo genistein treatment experiments were conducted to challenge the interaction between the IL-6 promoter and c/EBP. Optical imaging revealed greater VEGF expression in EGFRvIII-positive tumor-bearing mice, suggesting an angiogenic microenvironment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that c/EBP-mediated regulation of IL-6 was indispensable for maintenance of this angiogenic microenvironment. In contrast, genistein-mediated upregulation of cHOP impeded c/EBP interaction with the IL-6 promoter, thus disturbing the angiogenic microenvironment. This more malignant microenvironment in EGFRvIII glioblastoma is generated, at least in part, by greater VEGF, IL-6 and c/EBP expression. Interaction of c/EBP with the IL-6 promoter maintains this angiogenic microenvironment, while disturbance of this dynamically balanced interaction inhibits EGFRvIII tumor proliferation by reducing both VEGF and IL-6 expression. What's new? The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms of angiogenic microenvironment formation using EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma as a model. EGFRvIII is regarded as a poor prognosis marker in gliomas because of its potential to confer enhanced tumorigenicity. Here, the authors confirm that EGFRvIII promotes a more malignant microenvironment in mice, as demonstrated by greater expression of the pro-angiogenic and tumorigenic factor VEGF. c/EBP-mediated regulation of IL-6 is indispensable for maintenance of this angiogenic microenvironment. In contrast
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