Animal sex is determined by the number of X chromosomes in many species, creating unequal gene dosage (aneuploidy) between sexes. Dosage compensation mechanisms equalize this dosage difference by regulating X-linked g...
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Animal sex is determined by the number of X chromosomes in many species, creating unequal gene dosage (aneuploidy) between sexes. Dosage compensation mechanisms equalize this dosage difference by regulating X-linked gene expression. In the nematode c. elegans the current model suggests that Dc is achieved by a 2-fold transcriptional downregulation in hermaphrodites mediated by the Dosage compensation complex (Dcc), which restricts access to RNA Polymerase II by an unknown mechanism. Taking a nuclear organization point of view, we showed that the male X chromosome resides in the pore proximal subnuclear compartment whereas the Dcc bound to the X, inhibits this spatial organization in the hermaphrodites. Here we discuss our results and propose a model that reassigns the role of Dcc from repression of genes to inhibition of activation.
Hepatitis c virus(HcV) has infected more than 200 million people around the globe. From 2001-2011, interferon plus ribavirin remained the standard of care for patients with HcV infection. The therapy had a limited res...
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Hepatitis c virus(HcV) has infected more than 200 million people around the globe. From 2001-2011, interferon plus ribavirin remained the standard of care for patients with HcV infection. The therapy had a limited response with a number of side effects. Recently, results for phase III trials of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir combination therapy have been announced. In treatmentnave patients, 12 wk of therapy with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir showed a sustained virological response(SVR) rate of 99%. In treatment experienced patients, 12-24 wk of therapy with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in the absence or presence of ribavirin showed an SVR rate of 94%-99%. In cirrhotic patients the rate of SVR was 86% and 99% for 12 and 24 wk of therapy, respectively. The ledipasvir and sofosbuvir therapy showed very good results in different subgroups of patients regardless of patient's race, alanine aminotransferase levels, sex and host genetic factors. The combination therapy was well tolerated with no emergence of resistant mutants. The most common adverse effects were nausea, headache and fatigue. With the availability of interferon free therapy with minimal adverse effects, it will be easy to decrease the future morbidity and mortality caused by HcV infection.
目的：回顾性分析 Tile c 型骨盆骨折患者死亡相关的危险因素。方法2010年1月至2014年12月我院收治的 Tile c 型骨盆骨折患者139例,收集资料包括术前一般情况、伤后就诊时间、休克指数、各类创伤评分、最低氧合指数、伤后6 h 乳酸清除率...
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目的：回顾性分析 Tile c 型骨盆骨折患者死亡相关的危险因素。方法2010年1月至2014年12月我院收治的 Tile c 型骨盆骨折患者139例,收集资料包括术前一般情况、伤后就诊时间、休克指数、各类创伤评分、最低氧合指数、伤后6 h 乳酸清除率等,采用多因素 Logistic 回归分析死亡相关危险因素。结果入院后死亡41例（29.5%）,其中入院后48 h 内死亡36例（25.9%）。多因素回归分析显示,休克指数＆gt;2（OR=2.591,95%cI 1.041~4.216）、损伤严重程度评分（ISS）≥25分（OR=47.96,95%cI 15.89~147.23）、改良创伤评分（RTS）≤8分（OR=6.917,95%cI 1.147-13.862）、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GcS）〈9分（OR=4.172,95%cI 2.962~6.268）、最低氧合指数〈200（OR=117.016,95%cI 51.011~176.032）、伤后6 h 乳酸清除率〈10%（OR=2.785,95%cI 1.191~4.892）,以及合并头部损伤（OR=6.302,95%cI 2.270~13.175）或胸部损伤（OR=12.233,95%cI 5.193~33.985）是骨盆骨折患者死亡相关危险因素（P 〈0.01）。早期行血管栓塞治疗有助于降低死亡风险（OR=0.887,95%cI 0.875~0.899）。结论创伤评分高,出现严重休克、昏迷、氧合指数下降和6 h 乳酸清除率降低,合并头部和胸部损伤是导致 Tile c 型骨盆骨折患者死亡的危险因素。
The infection by the virus of the hepatitis ccan be associated with other infectious diseases, including the viral and bacterial infections of which the tuberculosis. The infection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can r...
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The infection by the virus of the hepatitis ccan be associated with other infectious diseases, including the viral and bacterial infections of which the tuberculosis. The infection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can remain latent during several years and show itself during a state of immunesuppression. The role of the antiviral treatment in the reactivation of the tuberculosis is debated. We bring back an observation of tubercular reactivation during dual therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for a viral chronic hepatitis c. A virologique answer slow was obtained in the 40th week, as well as the reactivation of the tuberculosis. The tuberculosis was of ganglionic localization at our patient. The antituberculous treatment was established while maintaining the treatment. The evolution of the tuberculosis under treatment was favorable but for the VHc, we noted a virologique answer with premature relapse.
cancer cells exhibit a variety of features indicative of atypical nuclei. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain to be elucidated. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINc) comp...
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cancer cells exhibit a variety of features indicative of atypical nuclei. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain to be elucidated. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINc) complex, a nuclear envelope protein complex consisting mainly of the SUN and nesprin proteins, connects nuclear lamina and cytoskeletal filaments and helps to regulate the size and shape of the nucleus. Using immunohistology, we found that a nuclear lamina component, lamin A/c and all of the investigated LINccomplex components, SUN1, SUN2, and nesprin-2, were downregulated in human breast cancer tissues. In the majority of cases, we observed lower expression levels of these analytes in samples' cancerous regions as compared to their cancer-associated noncancerous regions (in cancerous regions, percentage of tissue samples exhibiting low protein expression: lamin A/c, 85% [n=73];SUN1, 88% [n=43];SUN2, 74% [n=43];and nesprin-2, 79% [n=53]). Statistical analysis showed that the frequencies of recurrence and HER2 expression were negatively correlated with lamin A/c expression (P<0.05), and intrinsic subtype and ki-67 level were associated with nesprin-2 expression (P<0.05). In addition, combinatorial analysis using the above four parameters showed that all patients exhibited reduced expression of at least one of four components despite the tumor's pathological classification. Furthermore, several cultured breast cancer cell lines expressed less SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-2 mRNA, and lamin A/ccompared to noncancerous mammary gland cells. Together, these results suggest that the strongly reduced expression of LINccomplex and nuclear lamina components may play fundamental pathological functions in breast cancer progression.
(Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 ca 2 cu 3 O y ((Bi,Pb)2333) has high critical temperature ( T c ) compared to REBa 2 cu 3 O y . However, (Bi,Pb)2223 has a disadvantage that the critical current density ( J c ) seriously degrades in ma...
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(Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 ca 2 cu 3 O y ((Bi,Pb)2333) has high critical temperature ( T c ) compared to REBa 2 cu 3 O y . However, (Bi,Pb)2223 has a disadvantage that the critical current density ( J c ) seriously degrades in magnetic fields. We succeeded to fabricate (Bi,Pb)2223 epitaxial thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method using Nd:YAG pulsed laser deposition and post-annealing process. In addition, we tried to improve J c in the magnetic fields by introducing Y 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 as artificial pinning centers (APcs). As a result, we fabricated (Bi,Pb)2223 thin films that had high J c in self field at 77 K of 0.4 MA/cm 2 . The main phase of the thin films introduced Y 2 O 3 was Bi2212. On the other hand, the main phase of the thin films introduced Al 2 O 3 was Bi2223, however, the formation of ca 2 PbO 4 resulted in the decline of J c.
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in hard tissue replacements because of their good biocompatibility. However, titanium and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. In this work, carbon ions were...
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Titanium and its alloys are widely used in hard tissue replacements because of their good biocompatibility. However, titanium and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. In this work, carbon ions were implanted into the titanium surfaces using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) technology to improve the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biological and antibacterial activities. Influences of the injected carbon on the surface morphology, composition and structure of titanium were investigated. Hydrophilicity, surface potential, surface mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, bacterial adhesion and biocompatibility of the modified titanium surfaces were evaluated, and the effects which the structure and composition of the modified layer have on their biological properties were elaborated preliminarily. Experimental results show that the modified layer treated by carbon plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (c-PIII&D) is mainly composed of amorphous carbon. The surface morphology of the modified titanium has no obvious change. However, its surface turns to be more hydrophobic and electronegative, and the surface mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are improved. cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation on the modified surface are in good condition while the adhesion of *** is inhibited to a certain extent.
Hepatitis c virus(HcV) is a global challenge; 130-175 million are chronically infected. Over 350000 die each year from HcV. chronic HcV is the primary cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc), and end-stage l...
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Hepatitis c virus(HcV) is a global challenge; 130-175 million are chronically infected. Over 350000 die each year from HcV. chronic HcV is the primary cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc), and end-stage liver disease. Management of chronic HcV is aimed at preventing cirrhosis, reducing the risk of Hcc, and treating extra hepaticcomplications. New treatments for chronic HcV has been devoted based on direct-acting antivirals, as pegylated interferon(peginterferon) is responsible for many side effects and limits treatment access. Sofosbuvir is the first compound to enter the market with Peginterferon-free combination regimens.
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