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Diesel consumption and cO2 Emissions in Agricultural crops： An Estimation Model and a Forestry-Based Neutralization Proposal

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2017年第1期7卷 34-48页

作者： Luiz carlos Sérvulo de Aquino Brunna Simōes Ungarelli Guilherme Amatuzzi Teixeira Marcos Auré1io Vasconcelos de Freitas Aida Inirida Ortega Acosta International Virtual Institute for Global Climate Change (1VIG) Coordination of Research and Engineering Postgraduation(COPPE) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFR I) RI 21941-485 Brazil Alcaldia de Bogotá Secretarla Distrital de Ambiente Bogotá 110231324 Colémbia

This research presented a mathematical model to calculate the consumption of diesel oil and the respective emissions of cO2from 41 agricultural crops （38 permanent and 3 temporary） in Brazil. It contains data obtained between 2000 and 2012, from accreditedbibliographic sources. In addition to spreadsheets containing diesel consumption, resulting from the analysis of the productive processes,this research presents data on energy conversion and forest development used to subsidize cO2 emissions and mitigation *** for c sequestration of the atmosphere, four options of forest projects were systematized：（1） reforestation with fast growingspecies; （2） forest protection projects, with enrichment plantations; （3） implementation of agroforestry systems （1 st cycle）; and （4） urbanafforestation projects （streets and parks）. Such alternatives are in line with the proposals of the ＂sectorial plan for mitigation andadaptation to climate change for the consolidation of a low c emission in agriculture＂, of the Brazilian Agricultural Researchcorporation （EMBRAPA）. The results show that three temporary products （soybean, sugarcane and cotton） are responsible, for at least,85% of all cO2 emissions, comparatively the low consumption of diesel oil verified in the management of the 38 permanent productsstudied in this research. Therefore, in order to contribute to the reduction of the release of cO2 into the atmosphere, perennial crops andecologically rational extractivism should be more encouraged and more supported by the public authorities.

关键词： Agricultural crops, diesel consumption, cO2 emissions and c sequestration.

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Highly conductive Wire: cu carbon Nanotube composite Ampacity and Metallic cNT Buckypaper conductivity

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MRS ADVANcES 2017年第2期2卷 71-76页

作者： de Groh, Henry c., III NASA Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland OH 44135 USA

carbon nanotube (cNT) composites are being explored to improve the conductivity and density of electrical wire used in aviation. Presented are the current carrying capacity of a cNT-cu composite and Roman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity of Buckypaper (BP) made of normal and sorted 95% metallic cNT (m-cNT). The ampacity of the cu-cNT composite was 3.8% lower than pure cu. This is significant because it is not in agreement with high cNT ampacity claims. The average conductivity of the cNT in the sorted, 95% metallic BP was 2.5 times higher than the cNT in the un-sorted BP. This shows the importance of the intrinsic cNT conductivity as opposed to interfacial resistances and that the conductivity of the semiconductor cNT present in the un-sorted BP must be much lower than the conductivity of m-cNT. The high conductivity of the sorted BP provides proof that conductivity improvements in cNT composites can be made by the use of sorted, highly conductive m-cNT.

关键词： c cu composite

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Influence of Pretreatment on Kinetics at carbon Electrodes and consequences for Flow Battery Performance

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MRS ADVANcES 2017年第21-22期2卷 1131-1142页

作者： Buckley, D. N. Bourke, A. Lynch, R. P. Quill, N. Miller, M. A. Wainright, J. S. Savinell, R. F. Univ Limerick Bernal Inst Dept Phys & Energy Limerick Ireland Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Chem Engn Cleveland OH 44106 USA Waterford Inst Technol Sch Engn Waterford Ireland

Using cyclic voltammetry (cV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it was shown for four different types of carbon that electrode treatments at negative potentials enhance the kinetics of V-IV-V-V and inhibit the kinetics of V-II-V-III while electrode treatments at positive potentials inhibit the kinetics of V-IV-V-V and enhance the kinetics of V-II-V-III. These observations may explain conflicting reports in the literature. The potentials required for activation and deactivation of electrodes were examined in detail. The results suggest that interchanging the positive and negative electrodes in a vanadium flow battery (VFB) would reduce the overpotential at the negative electrode and so improve the performance. This is supported by flow-cell experiments. Thus, periodic catholyte-anolyte interchange, or equivalent alternatives such as battery overdischarge, show promise of improving the voltage efficiency of VFBs.

关键词： kinetics c V

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Synthesis and characterization of novel activated carbon from Medlar seed for chromium removal: Experimental analysis and modeling with artificial neural network and support vector regression

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Resource-Efficient Technologies 2017年第3期3卷 236-248页

作者： Mostafa Solgi Tahereh Najib Shahyar Ahmadnejad Bahram Nasernejad Chemical Engineering Department Babol Noshirvani University of Technology P.O. Box 484 *** Babol Iran Chemical Engineering Department Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran Electrical Engineering Department Babol Noshirvani University of Technology P.O. Box 15875-4413 Babol Iran

In this study, for the first time the activated carbon has been produced from medlar seed (Mespilus germanica) via chemical activation with KOH. The carbonization process was carried out at different temperatures of 450, 550, 650 and 750 °c. The Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analyses were carried out on the adsorbents. The effect of operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration of cr(VI), adsorbent dosage and contact time were investigated. The experimental data showed better agreement with the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was evaluated to be 200 mg/g. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order model and the chemical reaction is the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process could be considered a spontaneous (ΔG < 0), endothermic (ΔH > 0) process which leads to an increase in entropy (ΔS > 0). The application of support vector machine combined with genetic algorithm (SVM-GA) and artificial neural network (ANN) was investigated to predict the percentage of chromium removal from aqueous solution using synthesized activated carbon. The comparison of correlation coefficient (R 2 ) related to ANN and the SVR-GA models with experimental data proved that both models were able to predict the percentage of chromium removal, by synthetic activated carbon while the SVR-GA model prediction was more accurate.

关键词： Activated carbon chromium removal Medlar seed Artificial neural network Support vector regression qe (mg/g) adsorption capacity at equilibrium time qe,cal (mg/g) theoretical equilibrium adsorption capacity k1 (1/min) pseudo-first order adsorption rate constant k2 (g/mg min) pseudo-second order adsorption rate constant kid (g/mg min) intra-particle diffusion rate constant c constant indicating thickness of the boundary lay qmax (mg/g) maximum adsorption capacity B (L/g) Langmuir isotherm constant n adsorption intensity KF (mg/g) Freundlich isotherm constant ΔS o (J/mol K) standard entropy change ΔGo (kJ/mol) Gibbs free energy change ΔHo (kJ/mol) standard enthalpy change R (j/mol K) universal gas constant T (K) temperature kd (ml/g) distribution coefficient Δq (%) normalized standard deviation

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Design and commissioning of a thermal stability test-rig for mixtures as working fluids for ORc applications

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Energy Procedia 2017年 129卷 176-183页

作者： L. Keulen c. Landolina A. Spinelli P. Iora c. Invernizzi L. Lietti A. Guardone Department of Aerospace Science & Technology Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 35 20156 Milano Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 1 20156 Milano Italy Energy Department Politecnico di Milano Via Lambruschini 4 20156 Milano Italy Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia Via Branze 38 25121 Brescia Italy

A novel test-rig for studying the thermal stability of mixtures as working fluids for ORc applications was designed and commissioned at the Laboratory of compressible-fluid dynamics for Renewable Energy Applications (cREA) of Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with the University of Brescia. The set-up is a standard one, in which a vessel containing the fluid under scrutiny is placed in a vertical oven for ~ 100 hours at a constant temperature T = T stress . During the test, the pressure P is monitored to detect thermal decomposition of the fluid. After the test, the vessel is placed in a controlled thermal bath, where the pressure is measured at different value of the temperature T , with T < T stress and T < T c ( T c critical temperature). The resulting isochoric pressure-temperature dependence is compared to that obtained before the fluid underwent thermal stress. If departure from the initial fluid behavior is observed, significant thermal decomposition occurred and a chemical analysis of the decomposition products is carried out using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The novelty of the set-up is the possibility of taking samples of both liquid and vapor phases of the fluid, a capability that was introduced to study thermal decomposition of mixtures, whose composition depends on the pressure and temperature, as well as to capture the more volatile products of thermal decomposition of pure fluids and mixtures. Preliminary experimental results are reported for the pure siloxane fluid MDM (Octamethyltrisiloxane, c 8 H 24 O 2 Si 3 ).

关键词： Thermal stability Working fluids for ORc applications Binary mixtures of siloxane fluids MM (Hexamethyldisiloxane c 6 H 18 OSi 2 ) MDM (Octamethyltrisiloxane c 8 H 24 O 2 Si 3 ) ORc applications

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Mo 2 [email protected] @MoS x porous nanospheres with sandwich shell based on MoO 4 2- -polymer precursor for efficient hydrogen evolution in both acidic and alkaline media

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carbon 2017年 124卷 555-564页

作者： Jing-Qi chi Xiao Shang Shan-Shan Lu Bin Dong Zi-Zhang Liu Kai-Li Yan Wen-Kun Gao Yong-Ming chai chen-Guang Liu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 PR China College of Science China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 PR China

Mo 2 [email protected] @MoS x porous nanospheres with sandwich shell have been synthesized for efficient hydrogen evolution in both acidic and alkaline media. Firstly, porous MoO 2 -Mo 2 [email protected] nanospheres have been obtained with ultrafine Mo 2 c nanocrystallines as core and ultrathin N-doped carbon (Nc) as shell through the carbonization of MoO 4 2- -/aniline-pyrrole (MoO 4 2- -Polymer) as precursor. Secondly, Mo 2 [email protected] @MoS x porous nanospheres with sandwich shell have been synthesized by hydrothermal sulfurization, which can be confirmed by XPS and HRTEM. The sandwich shell is composed of ultrathin MoS x , Nc layer and Mo 2 c nanocrystallines, which may reduce the strong Mo H bonding energy of pure Mo 2 c and lead to the suitable ΔG H* for HER. In addition, the ultrathin Nc can prevent the aggregation of active sites and improve charge transfer rate due to rich N-doping. Mo 2 [email protected] @MoS x exhibits enhanced performance and long-time durability in both acidic and alkaline solution. It requires a low onsetpotential of 119 mV, Tafel slope of 56 mV dec −1 in acidic solution and onsetpotential of 86 mV, Tafel slope of 90 mV dec −1 in alkaline solution. Therefore, designing sandwich nanostructure with better conductivity and optimized Mo H bonding energy may be a promising strategy for excellent Mo-based HER electrocatalysts.

关键词： MoS x Mo 2 c Sandwich shell N-doping Electrocatalyst Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Feedstock Type on Agricultural Properties and Stability of Biochars

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 914-933页

作者： Rafaela Feola conz Thalita F. Abbruzzini cristiano A. de Andrade Debora M. B. P. Milori carlos E. P. cerri Department of Soil Sciences University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba Brazil Department of Environmental Systems Sciences Institute of Agricultural Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Jaguariuna Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Sao Carlos Brazil

Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type used to produce biochar influence the physicochemical properties of the obtained product, which in turn display a range of results when used as soil amendment. From soil carbon (c) sequestration strategy to nutrient source, biochar is used to enhance soil properties and to improve agricultural production. However, contrasting effects are observed from biochar application to soil results from a wide range of biochar’s properties in combination with specific environmental conditions. Therefore, elucidation on the effect of pyrolysis conditions and feedstock type on biochar properties may provide basic information to the understanding of soil and biochar interactions. In this study, biochar was produced from four different agricultural organic residues: Poultry litter, sugarcane straw, rice hull and sawdust pyrolysed at final temperatures of 350°c, 450°c, 550°c and 650°c. The effect of temperature and feedstock type on the variability of physicochemical properties of biochars was evaluated through measurements of pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, macronutrient content, proximate and elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses. Additionally, an incubation trial was carried under controlled conditions to determine the effect of biochar stability on cO2-eq emissions. Results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature supported biochar stability regardless of feedstock, however, agricultural properties varied widely both as an effect of temperature and feedstock. Animal manure biochar showed higher potential as nutrient source rather than a c sequestration strategy. Improving the knowledge on the influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type on the final properties of biochar will enable the use of better tailored materials that correspond to the expected results while considering its interactions with environmental conditions.

关键词： characterization GHG c Sequestration char Organic c

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SELEcTIVE HYDROGENATION OF 3,4-DIMETHOXYBENZOPHENONE IN LIQUID PHASE OVER PD/c cATALYST IN A SLURRY REAcTOR

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cANADIAN JOURNAL OF cHEMIcAL ENGINEERING 2014年第12期92卷 2157-2165页

作者： Tiwari, Manishkumar S. Yadav, Ganapati D. Ng, Flora T. T. Inst Chem Technol Dept Chem Engn Mumbai 400019 Maharashtra India Univ Waterloo Dept Chem Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Selective hydrogenation of benzophenone to benzhydrol is industrially relevant. In the current work, selective hydrogenation of 3,4-dimethoxybenzophenone (3,4-DMBP) to 3,4-dimethoxybenzhydrol (3,4-DMBH) was investigated over 5% w/w Pd/c and 5% w/w Pt/c as catalysts in a slurry reactor. The effects of hydrogen partial pressure (0.2-1MPa), catalyst loading (2.0x10(-4) to 8.0x10(-4)g/cm(3)), initial concentration of 3,4-dimethoxybenzophenone (5.0x10(-6) to 1.5x10(-4)mol/cm(3)) and temperature (40-70 degrees c) on rate of reaction and selectivity were studied. Effect of solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was also investigated. 5% w/w Pd/c was the better catalyst with THF as the best solvent, which gave 100 % conversion and 80 % selectivity in 1h for 0.5MPa hydrogen pressure at 60 degrees c. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson model was fitted. The intrinsic kinetics and mechanism of hydrogenation were established.

关键词： catalytic hydrogenation 3 4-Dimethoxybenzopheone Pd c 3 4-Dimethoxybenzhydrol kinetics

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Identification of chemical Form of carbon Released from SUS304 and SUS316 in Alkaline Solution under Low- oxygen condition

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MRS ADVANcES 2017年第11期2卷 597-602页

作者： Nakabayashi, Ryo Fujita, Tomonari Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind Nucl Technol Res Lab Radiat Safety Res Ctr 2-11-1 Iwadokita Komae Tokyo 2018511 Japan

To classify the chemical form of stable carbon released from unirradiated stainless steel, which is the material used to simulate irradiated stainless steel, under highly alkaline and low-oxygen conditions, type 304 and 316 stainless-steel powders were immersed in 0.005 M NaOH solution. Gas and liquid samples were analyzed to identify the chemical form of carbon released from the stainless steel. The liquid samples were divided into unfiltered and filtered samples. In the gaseous phase, hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane were not detected. In the liquid phase, carboxylic acids (formic and acetic acids) were detected. However, the sum of the carbon concentrations of the carboxylic acids was significantly lower than the total organic carbon (TOc) concentration in the unfiltered samples. In the filtered samples, the TOc concentration was closer to the sum of the carbon concentrations than that for the unfiltered samples. In addition, the concentrations of the metallic elements (particularly Fe and cr), which are the main constituents of the stainless steels, tended to decrease upon ultrafiltration. This suggests that the sorption of carbon on metallic compounds (e.g., colloidal iron hydroxide) may have occurred.

关键词： c steel corrosion

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Stroke Due to Hypercoagulable State can Mimic Multiple Sclerosis: A case Report

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2017年第3期7卷 267-274页

作者： Niknam Zahra Saadat Alireza Nabavi Seyed-Massood Morsali Damineh Hatami-Sadabadi Farhad Kheirkhahan Meghdad Mehdipour Baharak Neurologist Neurology Department University of Baghiatalahaazam Tehran Iran University of Baghiatalahaazam Tehran Iran Department of Regenerative Biomedicine Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology ACECR Tehran Iran Senior postdoctoral fellow Neurology department Texas University Huston Texas USA General physician Kheradmand Clinical Research Center Medical Affairs Division Actoverco Pharmaceutical Company Tehran Iran

Introduction: Stroke is the second major cause of mortality worldwide and in several cases, and it may lead to disability. Factor V Leiden is a common genetic thrombophilia, which causes activated protein c (APc) resistance. Hyperhomocysteinemia and factor V Leiden deficiency, two independent coagulopathy factors, can lead to venous and arterial infarctions in multiple small and large arteries and veins anywhere in the body. case Report: Here, we report a unique case in which both hyperhomocysteinemia and factor V Leiden deficiency are documented together with MTHFR (c677T) (Methylene Tetra Hydro Folate Reductase) gene polymorphism and activated protein c resistance respectively. conclusion: More interestingly, the mode of presentation in this case highly resembled that of progressive multiple sclerosis;all signs and symptoms slowly progressed without any systemic signs at first few years. Further studies needed to assess current outcomes.

关键词： Hyperhomocysteinemia Thrombophilia V MTHFR (c677T) Gene Polymorphism Activated Protein c Resistance Multiple Sclerosis

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