Skeptical Inquirer magazine has published an attempted refutation of Francis collins' book, The Language of God. The refutation argues that collins lacks scientific evidence for God and that collins actually appea...
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Skeptical Inquirer magazine has published an attempted refutation of Francis collins' book, The Language of God. The refutation argues that collins lacks scientific evidence for God and that collins actually appeals not to evidence, but to personal belief. In refutation of this refutation, Ted Peters argues that collins plays completely within the rules of scientific discourse while providing rational evidencethough not conclusive prooffor the existence of God as creator and moral lawgiver.
AIM: To study the safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2b, indigenously developed in India, plus ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis c virus(HcV). METHODS: One-hundred HcV patients were enrolled in an open...
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AIM: To study the safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2b, indigenously developed in India, plus ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis c virus(HcV). METHODS: One-hundred HcV patients were enrolled in an open-label, multicenter trial. Patients were treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b 1.5 μg/kg per week subcutaneously plus oral ribavirin 800 mg/d for patients with genotypes 2 and 3 for 24 wk. The same dose of peginterferon plus weight-based ribavirin(800 mg/d for ≤ 65 kg; 1000 mg/d for > 65-85 kg; 1200 mg/d for > 85-105 kg; 1400 mg/d for > 105 kg body weight) was administered for 48 wk for patients with genotypes 1 and 4. Serological and biochemical responses of patients were ***: Eighty-two patients(35 in genotypes 1 and 4 and 47 in 2 and 3), completed the study. In genotype 1, 25.9% of patients achieved rapid virologic response(RVR): while the figures were 74.1% for early virologic response(EVR) and 44.4% for sustained virologic response(SVR). For genotypes 2 and 3, all patients bar one belonged to genotype 3, and of those, 71.4%, 87.5%, and 64.3% achieved RVR, EVR, and SVR, respectively. In genotype 4, 58.8%, 88.2%, and 52.9% of patients achieved RVR, EVR, and SVR, respectively. The majority of patients attained normal levels of alanine aminotransferase by 4-12 wk of therapy. Most patients showed a good tolerance for the treatment, although mild-to-moderate adverse events were exhibited; only two patients discontinued the study medication due to serious adverse events(SAEs). Eleven SAEs were observed in nine patients; however, only four SAEs were related to study ***: Peginterferon alfa-2b, which was developed in India, in combination with ribavirin, is a safe and effective drug in the treatment of HcV.
The c++Programming Language,即为c++语言,c++语言是c语言的继承,在c语言的基础上,又对c语言的过程化程序设计进行了优化,既可以使用以抽象数据类型为特点的基于对象的程序设计,又可以使用以继承和多态为特点的面向对象的程序设计。c+...
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The c++Programming Language,即为c++语言,c++语言是c语言的继承,在c语言的基础上,又对c语言的过程化程序设计进行了优化,既可以使用以抽象数据类型为特点的基于对象的程序设计,又可以使用以继承和多态为特点的面向对象的程序设计。c++语言不但完美地继承了父类的c语言,还可以进行基于面向对象过程化的程序设计,因此,c++语言不仅拥有计算机高效运行的实用性特征,而且还具有提高大规模程序的编程质量与程序设计语言的问题描述的能力。
AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis c. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis c(55 men, 31 women; mea...
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AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis c. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis c(55 men, 31 women; mean age at diagnosis, 38.36 ± 14.52 years) who had undergone antiviral therapy comprising pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Viral load, biochemical parameter changes, and liver biopsy morphological data were evaluated in all patients. The control group comprised 271 unrelated individuals representing the general population of Latvia for mutation frequency calculations. The most frequent mutations that cause inherited liver disorders [gene(mutation): ATP7B(H1069Q), HFE(c282Y, H63D),UGT1A1(TA)7, and SERPINA1(PiZ)] were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PcR), bidirectional PcR allele-specific amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and sequencing. RESULTS: The viral genotype was detected in 80 of the 86 patients. Viral genotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in 61(76%), 7(9%), and 12(15%) patients, respectively. Among all 86 patients, 50(58%) reached an early viral response and 70(81%) reached a sustained viral response. All 16 patients who did not reach a sustained viral response had viral genotype 1. casecontrol analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in only the H1069Q mutation between patients and controls(patients, 0.057; controls, 0.012; odds ratio, 5.514; 95%cI: 1.119-29.827, P = 0.022). However, the H1069Q mutation was not associated with antiviral treatment outcomes or biochemical indices. The(TA) 7 mutation of the UGT1A1 gene was associated with decreased ferritin levels(beta regression coefficient =-295.7, P = 0.0087). cONcLUSION: Genetic mutations that cause inherited liver diseases in patients with hepatitis c should be studied in detail.
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