AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis c. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis c(55 men, 31 women; mea...
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AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis c. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis c(55 men, 31 women; mean age at diagnosis, 38.36 ± 14.52 years) who had undergone antiviral therapy comprising pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Viral load, biochemical parameter changes, and liver biopsy morphological data were evaluated in all patients. The control group comprised 271 unrelated individuals representing the general population of Latvia for mutation frequency calculations. The most frequent mutations that cause inherited liver disorders [gene(mutation): ATP7B(H1069Q), HFE(c282Y, H63D),UGT1A1(TA)7, and SERPINA1(PiZ)] were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PcR), bidirectional PcR allele-specific amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and sequencing. RESULTS: The viral genotype was detected in 80 of the 86 patients. Viral genotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in 61(76%), 7(9%), and 12(15%) patients, respectively. Among all 86 patients, 50(58%) reached an early viral response and 70(81%) reached a sustained viral response. All 16 patients who did not reach a sustained viral response had viral genotype 1. casecontrol analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in only the H1069Q mutation between patients and controls(patients, 0.057; controls, 0.012; odds ratio, 5.514; 95%cI: 1.119-29.827, P = 0.022). However, the H1069Q mutation was not associated with antiviral treatment outcomes or biochemical indices. The(TA) 7 mutation of the UGT1A1 gene was associated with decreased ferritin levels(beta regression coefficient =-295.7, P = 0.0087). cONcLUSION: Genetic mutations that cause inherited liver diseases in patients with hepatitis c should be studied in detail.
This review discusses Jung and Intuition: On the centrality and Variety of Forms of Intuition in Jung and Post-Jungians, a study of the notion of intuition in the work of Jung. It concludes that the chief of many insi...
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This review discusses Jung and Intuition: On the centrality and Variety of Forms of Intuition in Jung and Post-Jungians, a study of the notion of intuition in the work of Jung. It concludes that the chief of many insights brought by Nathalie Pilard's work is an appreciation of the importance in Jung's thought of the notion of empathy.
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