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3D In-Situ characterizations of Damage Evolution in c/Sic composite under Monotonic Tensile Loading by Using X-Ray computed Tomography

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APPLIED cOMPOSITE MATERIALS 2020年第3期27卷 119-130页

作者： Wang, Long Zhang, Wei Li, Haibo Hou, chuantao Ren, Fang Beijing Inst Struct & Environm Engn Sci & Technol Reliabil & Environm Engn Lab 1 South Dahongmen Rd Beijing 100076 Peoples R China

The damage evolution and fracture behavior in the bulk of c/Sic material under monotonic tensile loading have been investigated with the 3D in-situ observations by using X-ray cT. crack initiated inside the matrix within 0.02 mm below surface when the load was only 19% of the failure strength, and propagated to the surface of matrix and towards the interior of specimen by breaking fibers and matrix when the load was above the elastic limit. With the further increasing of loading, other fiber breaks, matrix breaks and delaminations were observed to initiate and propagate both on the surface and in the bulk of specimen, while the cracks nucleating in the bulk of specimen are generally located at the laminae with a high volume fraction of pores. With the further propagations of cracks, the specimen split in the laminae with a large quantity of pores, while the fiber drawings results in the final fracture in the laminae without a large quantity of pores. The novel method being proposed to characterize the distribution of pores in this paper highlights the relation between the distribution of pores in the bulk of the studied material and cracks initiations and final fracture.

关键词： X-ray computed tomography In-situ observations c Sic composite Damage evolution Fracture

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Linagliptin attenuates thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Modulation of c/EBP-β and cX3cL1/Fractalkine, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress and behavioral defects

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LIFE ScIENcES 2022年第0期295卷 120378-120378页

作者： Hussien, Yosra A. Mansour, Dina F. Nada, Somaia A. Abd El-Rahman, Sahar S. Abdelsalam, Rania M. Attia, Amina S. El-Tanbouly, Dalia M. Cairo Univ Fac Pharm Pharmacol & Toxicol Dept Cairo Egypt Natl Res Ctr Pharmacol Dept Med Res & Clin Inst Giza Egypt Cairo Univ Fac Vet Med Pathol Dept Giza Egypt New Giza Univ Sch Pharm Biol Dept Giza Egypt

The degree of neuroinflammation is correlated mainly with cognitive and motor dysfunctions associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The current study was conducted to explore the possible protective potential of the antidiabetic drug;linagliptin (LNG;10 or 20 mg/kg) against HE induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Animals received two consecutive intraperitoneal injections of TAA (200 mg/kg) on alternate days. Neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 h after the last injection, and rats were sacrificed 24 h later (48 h). The higher LNG dose more effectively protected against TAA-induced changes. Administration of LNG for 15 days before TAA notably mitigated TAA-induced acute liver injury and HE, as verified by the marked improvement in motor coordination, locomotor activity, and cognition function. LNG maintained both brain and liver weight indices and retracted the hyperammonemia with a prominent suppression in liver transaminases. This was accompanied by an evident modulation of hepatic and hippocampal oxidative stress markers;GSH and MDA. LNG attenuated both liver and hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokine;IL-1 beta while augmented the anti-inflammatory one;IL-10. It noticeably reduced hepatic and hippocampal cOX-2 and TNF-alpha and maintained hepatic and brain architectures. It also induced a marked decrease in the inflammation-regulated transcription factor, c/EBP-beta, with a profound increase in hippocampi's anti-inflammatory chemokine, cX3cL1/Fractalkine. LNG modulated TAA-induced disturbances in hippocampal amino acids;glutamate, and GABA with a significant increase in hippocampal BDNF. In conclusion, the regulatory effect of LNG on neuroinflammatory signaling underlines its neuroprotective effect against progressive encephalopathy accompanying acute liver injury.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Thioacetamide Linagliptin c EBP cX3cL1 Fractalkine Neuroinflammation

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Methamphetamine induces thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection through c/ EBP?

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BIOcHIMIcA ET BIOPHYSIcA AcTA-MOLEcULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 2022年第9期1868卷 000-000页

作者： Luo, Bao-Ying Zhou, Jie Guo, Dan Yang, Qian Tian, Qin cai, Dun-Peng Zhou, Rui-Mei Xu, Zhen-Zhen Wang, Hui-Jun chen, Shi-You Xie, Wei-Bing Southern Med Univ Sch Forens Med Guangzhou Key Lab Forens Multi Precis Identificat Guangzhou 510515 Peoples R China Kunming Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 NHC Key Lab Drug Addict Med Kunming Peoples R China Zhangzhou Hlth Vocat Coll Zhangzhou 363000 Peoples R China Southern Med Univ Nanfang Hosp Dept Pharm Guangzhou 510515 Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Surg Med Pharmacol & Physiol Sch Med Columbia MO 65212 USA Southern Med Univ Sch Forens Med Guangzhou 510515 Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Surg Columbia MO 65212 USA

Aims: Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening disease with diverse clinical manifestations. Although the association between methamphetamine (METH) and TAAD is frequently observed, the causal relationship between METH abuse and aortic aneurysm/dissection has not been established. This study was designed to determine if METH causes aortic aneurysm/dissection and delineate the underlying mechanism. Methods and results: A new TAAD model was developed by exposing METH to SD rats pre-treated with lysyl oxidase inhibitor beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). combination of METH and BAPN caused thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection in 60% of rats. BAPN+METH significantly increased the expression and activities of both matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 and MMP9, consistent with the severe elastin breakage and dissection. Mechanistically, METH increased ccAAT-enhancer binding protein beta (c/EBP beta) expression by enhancing mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling. METH also promoted c/EBP beta binding to MMP2 and MMP9 promoters. Blocking c/EBP beta significantly attenuated METH+BAPN-induced TAAD and MMP2/MMP9 expression. Moreover, BAPN+METH promoted aortic medial smooth muscle cell (SMc) apoptosis through c/EBP beta-mediated IGFBP5/p53/PUMA signaling pathways. More importantly, the expression of c/EBP beta, MMP2/MMP9, and apoptosis-promoting proteins was increased in the aorta of human patients with thoracic aortic dissection, suggesting that the mechanisms identified in animal study could be relevant to human disease. conclusions: Our study demonstrated that METH exposure has a casual effect on TAAD. c/EBP beta mediates METHintroduced TAAD formation by causing elastin breakage, medial cell loss and degeneration. Therefore, c/EBP beta may be a potential factor for TAAD clinical diagnosis or treatment.

关键词： Thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection Methamphetamine c EBP? MMP2 9 Apoptosis

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cDKAL1 gene rs7756992 A/G and rs7754840 G/c polymorphisms are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in a sample of Bangladeshi population: implication for future T2DM prophylaxis

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DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIc SYNDROME 2022年第1期14卷 18-18页

作者： Amin, U. S. Mahzabin Parvez, Nahid Rahman, Tahia Anan Hasan, Md Rakibul Das, Keshob chandra Jahan, Sharmin Abul Hasanat, Muhammad Seraj, Zeba, I Salimullah, Md Natl Inst Biotechnol NIB Mol Biotechnol Div Dhaka 1349 Bangladesh Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Univ BSMMU Dept Endocrinol & Metab Dhaka Bangladesh Univ Dhaka Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Dhaka Bangladesh

Background Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs7756992 A/G and rs7754840 G/c of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (cDKAL1) gene with the susceptibility of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been studied in a group of Bangladeshi women. Methods In this case-control study, 212 GDM patients and 256 control subjects were genotyped for rs7756992 and rs7754840 by PcR-RFLP and TaqMan (TM) allelic discrimination assay method respectively. Genotyping results were confirmed by DNA sequencing and replicated TaqMan (TM) assay. The odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval were calculated by logistic regression to determine the associations between genotypes and GDM. Results The genotype frequencies of rs7756992-AA/AG/GG in the GDM group and the control group were 37%/48%, 53%/45%, 10%/7% and those of rs7754840-cc/cG/GG were 51%/55%, 40.1%/39.8%, 9%/5% respectively. Under dominant and log additive models rs7756992 was revealed significantly associated with GDM after being adjusted for family history of diabetes (FHD) and gravidity. conversely, rs7754840 was significantly associated (P = 0.047) with GDM only under the recessive model after the same adjustment. The risk allele frequency of both SNPs was higher in the GDM group but significantly (P = 0.029) increased prevalence was observed in the rs7756992 G allele. When positive FHD and risk alleles of these SNPs were synergistically present in any pregnant woman, the chance of developing GDM was augmented by many folds. The codominant model revealed 2.5 and 2.1 folds increase in odds by AG (rs7756992) and Gc (rs7754840) genotypes and 3.7 and 4.5 folds by GG (rs7756992) and cc (rs7754840) genotypes respectively. A significant 2.7 folds (P = 0.038) increase in odds of GDM resulted from the interaction of rs7756992 and family history of diabetes under the dominant model. The cumulative effect of multigravidity and risk alleles of these SNPs increased the odds of GDM

关键词： GDM cDKAL1 rs7756992 A G rs7754840 G c SNP T2DM

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Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by c/N ratio

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020年第9期192卷 563-563页

作者： Ekinci, Kamil Tosun, Ismail Kumbul, Barbaros Salih Sevik, Fevzi Suluk, Kemal Bitrak, Necati Berk Isparta Univ Appl Sci Fac Agr Dept Agr Machinery & Technol Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Suleyman Demirel Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Bingol Univ Pilot Univ Cent Coordinat Unit TR-12100 Bingol Turkey Mus Alparslan Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-49250 Mus Turkey

As the composting industry develops rapidly in the world, the compost producers have focused on the efficiency of energy utilization in production without restricting the quality of compost in the forced ventilation systems. Therefore, this experimental study quantified the impacts of initial c/N ratio on aeration requirement and energy consumption due to aeration for reactor composting of rose pomace through kinetics of the process using fifteen 100-l composting reactors. The results of the study showed that initial c/N ratio significantly affected decomposition rate, compost maturity, and dry matter losses and organic matter losses (P < 0.05). The maximum decomposition rate (0.072 day(-1)) and the highest degree of progression of the composting process existed at the mixture with initial c/N ratio of 24.26. The results underlined the importance of the initial c/N of composting of rose pomace in terms of energy consumption due to aeration. In particular, more mature compost within a short time can be obtained when composting was operated with a c/N ratio of 23.7-25.8 in the expense of requiring more airflow rate, fan power, and energy consumption by aeration fan per composting material.

关键词： composting Rose pomace Aeration Energy requirement Decomposition c N ratio

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changes in body shape implicate cuticle stretch in c. elegans growth control

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cELLS & DEVELOPMENT 2022年 170卷 203780页

作者： Nyaanga, Joy Goss, christina Zhang, Gaotian Ahmed, Hannah N. Andersen, Elliot J. Miller, Isabella R. Rozenich, Justine K. Swarthout, Iris L. Vaughn, Jordan A. Mangan, Niall M. Shirman, Sasha Andersen, Erik c. Northwestern Univ Dept Mol Biosci Evanston IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ Interdisciplinary Biol Sci Program Evanston IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math Evanston IL 60208 USA

Growth control establishes organism size, requiring mechanisms to sense and adjust growth during development. Studies of single cells revealed that size homeostasis uses distinct control methods. In multicellular organisms, mechanisms that regulate single cell growth must integrate control across organs and tissues during development to generate adult size and shape. We leveraged the roundworm caenorhabditis elegans as a scalable and tractable model to collect precise growth measurements of thousands of individuals, measure feeding behavior, and quantify changes in animal size and shape during a densely sampled developmental time course. As animals transitioned from one developmental stage to the next, we observed changes in body aspect ratio while body volume remained constant. Then, we modeled a physical mechanism by which constraints on cuticle stretch could cause changes in c. elegans body shape. The model-predicted shape changes are consistent with those observed in the data. Theoretically, cuticle stretch could be sensed by the animal to initiate larval-stage transitions, providing a means for physical constraints to influence developmental timing and growth rate in c. elegans.

关键词： c elegans Developmental growth Growth control

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Solving polyhedral d.c. optimization problems via concave minimization

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JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION 2020年第1期78卷 37-47页

作者： vom Dahl, Simeon Loehne, Andreas Univ Paris Sud Dept Math F-91400 Orsay France Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Dept Math D-07737 Jena Germany

The problem of minimizing the difference of two convex functions is called polyhedral d.c. optimization problem if at least one of the two component functions is polyhedral. We characterize the existence of global optimal solutions of polyhedral d.c. optimization problems. This result is used to show that, whenever the existence of an optimal solution can be certified, polyhedral d.c. optimization problems can be solved by certain concave minimization algorithms. No further assumptions are necessary in case of the first component being polyhedral and just some mild assumptions to the first component are required for the case where the second component is polyhedral. In case of both component functions being polyhedral, we obtain a primal and dual existence test and a primal and dual solution procedure. Numerical examples are discussed.

关键词： Global optimization D c programming Multi-objective linear programming Linear vector optimization

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Using Peanut Shells to construct a Porous MnO/c composite Material with Highly Improved Lithium Storage Performance

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cHEMELEcTROcHEM 2020年第1期7卷 347-354页

作者： Zhan, Dan Wen, Tao Li, Yuqi Zhu, Yuqing Liu, Ke cui, Ping Jia, Zhiyong Liu, Huajun Lei, Kelin Xiao, Zuoan Hubei Univ Arts & Sci Hubei Key Lab Low Dimens Optoelect Mat & Devices 296 Longzhong Rd Xiangyang 441053 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Arts & Sci Hubei Key Lab Power Syst Design & Test Elect Vehi 296 Longzhong Rd Xiangyang 441053 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Arts & Sci Dept Food Sci & Chem Engn 296 Longzhong Rd Xiangyang 441053 Peoples R China

Rational utilization of biomass waste in creating new clean energy such as lithium-ion batteries is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and boosting environmental protection. Herein, using peanut shells as the carbon source, a MnO/c composite material was successfully prepared through an eco-environmental and facile approach based on hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis. The resultant MnO/c composite material demonstrated a hierarchical porous structure and MnO particles with irregular morphology were embedded in the pores. When used in a lithium-ion battery, the material exhibited much better lithium storage properties than those for pristine MnO and peanut shell-derived carbon. In 0.0-3.0 V, the composite material can supply an initial specific capacity of 1169.5 mA h g(-1), with a capacity retention ratio of 84.9 % after 200 electrochemical cycles. Even at 2400 mA g(-1), the material can still offer a discharge capacity of 532.3 mA h g(-1), manifesting an outstanding rate performance. The enhanced lithium storage properties of the composite material are attributed to the support of the porous carbon matrix derived from peanut shells, which are not only conducive to improving conductivity but also capable of buffering the volume expansion/shrinkage caused by lithiation/delithiation during charge/discharge processes.

关键词： peanut shells biomass MnO c anodes lithium storage

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chloroplast genomes and nuclear sequences reveal the interspecific relationships of crataegus bretschneideri c. K. Schneid. and related species in china

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TREE GENETIcS & GENOMES 2022年第3期18卷 24-24页

作者： Zhang, Xiao Sun, Xinyu Li, Tong Wang, Jian Xue, Miliao Sun, chao Dong, Wenxuan Shenyang Agr Univ Coll Hort Shenyang 110866 Liaoning Peoples R China Tonghua Hort Inst Tonghua 134001 Jilin Peoples R China

crataegus bretschneideri c. K. Schneid. is one of the species cultivated in china. Due to its unclear taxonomic classification status, the conservation and utilization of this germplasm resource have been limited. In this study, we analyzed the chloroplast genomes and nuclear sequences to reveal the taxonomic relationships among c. bretschneideri and related species. We assembled the chloroplast genomes of c. bretschneider and related species and varieties, including c. maximowiczii c. K. Schneid., c. maximowiczii var. ninganensis S. Q. Nie & B. J. Jen., c. pinnatifida Bunge, and c. pinnatifida var. major N. E. Br. The lengths of the chloroplast genomes ranged from 159,644 bp (c. bretschneideri) to 159,947 bp (c. pinnatifida var. major). The five crataegus chloroplast genomes had similar features and possessed 86 to 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes which were arranged in the same order. Eight mutation hotspot regions, including matk, psaB, accD, petA, clpP, trnD-GUc, psbH-petB, and trnN-GUU-trnR-AcG could be used as potential molecular markers for further studies of crataegus genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analyses based on 17 chloroplast genomes of crataegus and Amelanchier indicated that c. bretschneideri was related to c. maximowiczii and c. maximowiczii var. ninganensis. However, the phylogenetic trees constructed by nuclear sequences of 36 crataegus accessions reflected a closer relationship between c. bretschneideri and c. pinnatifida. Furthermore, divergence time estimation suggested that c. bretschneideri and c. maximowiczii diverged in the late Miocene and that speciation of c. pinnatifida occurred during the middle to late Miocene. These findings revealed that c. bretschneideri is an independent species and may be of hybrid origin.

关键词： crataegus c bretschneideri chloroplast genome comparative genomics Interspecific relationships

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Multimodal Stimulation in a Microfluidic Device Facilitates Studies of Interneurons in Sensory Integration in c. elegans

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SMALL 2020年第10期16卷 1905852-1905852页

作者： cho, Yongmin Lee, Sol Ah chew, Yee Lian Broderick, Kirby Schafer, William R. Lu, Hang Georgia Inst Technol Sch Chem & Biomol Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Med Res Council Lab Mol Biol Div Neurobiol Cambridge CB2 0QH England Harvard Med Sch Dept Syst Biol Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Wollongong Mol Horizons Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Univ Wollongong Sch Chem & Mol Biosci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Illawarra Hlth & Med Res Inst Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Animals' perception and behavior involve integration of multiple sensory modalities. caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for studying multimodal sensory integration, as it has well-characterized neuronal circuits in a relatively simple nervous system. However, most studies based on functional imaging have only been conducted on single modal stimuli, because well-controlled multimodal experiments for c. elegans are technically difficult. For instance, no single systems currently deliver precise stimuli with spatial, temporal, and intensity control, despite prior hypotheses that interneurons do integrate these sensory inputs to control behavior. Here, a microfluidic platform that can easily deliver spatially and temporally controlled combination stimuli to c. elegans is presented. With this platform, both sensory and interneuron activity is measured in response to mechanical and chemical stimulations in a quantitative and high-throughput manner. It is found that the activity of command interneuron PVc can be modulated by prior stimulation both within the same and across different modalities. The roles of monoaminergic and peptidergic signaling are further examined on the process of multimodal integration through PVc activity. The approach exemplified here is envisioned to be broadly applicable in different contexts to elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify genes affecting multisensory integration.

关键词： c elegans microfluidics multisensory integration PVc interneurons

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