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Effects of Stepwise Adjustment of c/N during the Start-Up of Submerged Membrane Bioreactors (SMBRs) on the Aerobic Denitrification of Wastewater

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WATER 2021年第22期13卷 3251-3251页

作者： Zhang, Yinan Fang, Yuxin Wang, Banglong Zhang, Hangjun Ding, Jiafeng Hangzhou Normal Univ Sch Life & Environm Sci Hangzhou 311121 Peoples R China

Based on the improved high-efficiency sewage treatment performance of submerged membrane bioreactors (SMBRs), we focused on how to adjust the c/N ratio of the influent water during reactor start-up to prevent an excessive c/N ratio from causing membrane fouling. In this study, an experimental method of gradually adjusting the influent c/N ratio to quickly start the reactor was proposed, and the results showed that biofilm formation in R1 (SMBR, three influent c/N ratios of 5, 10, and 20) was approximately completed in 32 days, shorter than that (40 days) required in R2 (SMBR, influent c/N ratio of 20). Higher removal efficiencies of 76.4% for TN, 70.1% for cOD, and 79.2% for NH3-N were obtained in R1 than in R2. The high-throughput sequencing results indicated that after 150 days of operation, the Shannon index of bacteria in R1 increased from 2.97 to 4.41 and the growth of Nakamurella, Ferruginibacter, and Rhodanobacter was promoted in the reactor, which indicated substantial microbial diversity in the biofilm. Therefore, gradually adjusting the influent c/N ratio could effectively enhance the nitrogen removal performance of denitrification microbial communities in SMBRs. This study offers a reliable approach for starting the SMBR-enhanced biological nutrient removal process in wastewater treatment plants by gradually adjusting the influent c/N ratio.

关键词： microbial communities c N ratio submerged membrane bioreactors (SMBRs) biofilm formation

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of reconstruction and active phases on honeycombed Ni3N-co3N/c in water splitting

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APPLIED cATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL 2021年 297卷 120461-120461页

作者： Huang, chao Zhang, Biao Wu, Yuzheng Ruan, Qingdong Liu, Liangliang Su, Jianjun Tang, Yunqi Liu, Rugeng chu, Paul K. City Univ Hong Kong Dept Mat Sci & Engn Dept Phys Kowloon Tat Chee Ave Hong Kong Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Biomed Engn Kowloon Tat Chee Ave Hong Kong Peoples R China Xiamen Univ State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Energy MatColl Chem Natl Engn Lab Green Chem Prod Alcohols Ethers & E Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Coll Mat Sci & Chem Engn Minist Educ Key Lab Superlight Mat & Surface Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Honeycombed Ni3N-co3N decorated with carbon speckles (Ni3N-co3N/c) is prepared on nickel foam as a potent, economical, and durable water-splitting catalyst. The Ni3N-co3N/c system has excellent properties in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), such as low overpotentials of 320/175 mV at 100 mA cm-2, small Tafel slopes of 55.2/70.2 mV dec- 1, as well as excellent stability for over 7 days. To demonstrate the commercial practicality, an overall water splitting cell composed of the bifunctional Ni3N-co3N/ c catalyst as both the anode and cathode is assembled and can be driven by a standard 1.5 V battery. Based on experimental and theoretical results obtained by in situ Raman scattering, ex situ XPS, and density-functional theory, the precise effects of the active sites and conductivity, roles of Ni3N, co3N, and c, and reaction mechanism in HER and OER, are investigated and described.

关键词： Water splitting Ni3N-co3N c Interface effect Surface reconstruction

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Study on the Residual Stress Relieving Mechanism of c/c composite-Nb Brazed Joint by Employing a Structurally Optimized Graphene Reinforced cu Foam Interlayer

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FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS 2021年 8卷

作者： Li, Hongliang Wang, Zeyu Butt, Hassaan Ahmad Ye, Maocheng chen, Hao Zhao, Tianmo Li, Manni Ma, Qiang Lei, Yucheng Jiangsu Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Zhenjiang Jiangsu Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol State Key Lab Adv Welding & Joining Harbin Peoples R China Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol Moscow Russia Jiangsu Univ Automot Engn Res Inst Zhenjiang Jiangsu Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Adv Welding Technol Jiangsu Prov Zhenjiang Jiangsu Peoples R China

cu foam has previously been investigated and verified to be an excellent interlayer candidate for relieving high residual stress within c/c composite-Nb brazed joints. However, the optimized geometric structure of cu foam for brazing has never been properly investigated since it was always employed as a reactant for acquiring homogeneous distribution of the interfacial structures in the brazed joints. In this work, graphene reinforced cu foam composite (G-cu-f) interlayers were used for brazing c/c composite and Nb. Through the protection effect of graphene on the cu foam substrate, the impact of porosity and thickness of a structurally intact cu foam on the joint structure and properties were investigated by finite elemental analysis as well as through experimental studies. By introducing a G-cu-f interlayer with an optimized porosity of 90% and thickness of 0.15 mm, the shear strength of the c/c composite-Nb brazed joint reached 45 MPa, which is 3.5 times higher than that of the joint brazed directly without an interlayer. The strain energy of the brazed joint assisted by G-cu-f interlayer reduced from as high as 10.98 x 10(-6) J to 6.90 x 10(-6) J, suggesting that the residual stress was effectively mitigated.

关键词： cu foam interlayer residual stress c c composite brazing structurally intact finite elemental analysis

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A low-temperature preparation strategy of Sic/ZrB2-crSi2-Si/Sic multilayer oxidation-resistant coating for c/c composites: Process, kinetics and mechanism research

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APPLIED SURFAcE ScIENcE 2021年 562卷 149993-149993页

作者： Quan, Huafeng Sui, Shanying Wang, Lianyi Luo, Ruiying Dong, Xiaohui Beihang Univ Sch Phys Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Res Inst Frontier Sci Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

In this work, a strategy of preparing multilayer Sic/ZrB2-crSi2-Si/Sic coating at low-temperature by combining chemical vapor deposition (cVD), brush-sintering and preoxidation was proposed for c/c composites. The coated c/c composites could maintain stable and long-term oxidation resistance at 1473-1673 K, and the specific mass loss was only 8.05 mg center dot cm-2 after 1673 K/340 h oxidation. The coupling mechanism of the preparation process on the microstructure and performance, the kinetics process of oxidation behavior and the protection/failure mechanism of the coating were analyzed. Furthermore, the importance of organosilicon (SicxOy) in the process of self-healing and oxidation resistance was enlightened.

关键词： c c composites Oxidation-resistant coating Preoxidation Kinetics

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Damage behavior of atomic oxygen on a hafnium carbide-modified c/ Sic composite

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cOMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING 2021年 219卷 108888-108888页

作者： Luan, Xingang Liu, Guanghai Tian, Min chen, Zhaoke cheng, Laifei Northwestern Polytech Univ Sci & Technol Thermostruct Composite Mat Lab Xian 710072 Peoples R China Natl Engn Res Ctr Ceram Matrix Composite Manufact Xian Peoples R China Cent South Univ State Key Lab Powder Met Changsha Peoples R China

capability of a Hfc-modified c/Sic (c/Sic-Hfc) composite against high-speed atomic oxygen (AO) atoms was evaluated in a ground-based low Earth orbit simulating system. Energy Dispersive Spectrum, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employeed to investigate the damage behaviors of the material. The results show that Hfc was oxided by AO preferentially, while HfO2 and graphite films were its main products during AO exposure. The crystallization degree of the graphite film increased with the increasing of AO total flux. It's found that Sic areas had lower surface damage than Hfc areas, and SiO2 was its main reacting product. Ascribed to the evolution of surface craters, three-point bending strength of the specimens increased within the first 10 h exposure of AO and decreased thereafter. The damage mechanisms of AO over c/ Sic-Hfc were revealed also.

关键词： c Sic-Hfc Atomic oxygen Graphite film Damage mechanisms

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TEM study on the morphology and interface microstructure of c/c-Sic composites fabricated by liquid infiltration

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MATERIALS cHARAcTERIZATION 2021年 175卷 111055-111055页

作者： Zhang, K. X. Guo, X. S. cheng, Y. X. Zhang, F. Q. He, L. L. Guilin Univ Elect Technol Guangxi Collaborat Innovat Ctr Struct & Property Sch Mat Sci & Engn Guangxi Key Lab Informat Mat Guilin 541004 Peoples R China Pingxiang Univ Engn & Technol Res Ctr Environm Protect Mat & Equ Pingxiang 337055 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Met Res Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China Cent South Univ Sci & Technol High Strength Struct Mat Lab Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

carbon fiber reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (c/c-Sic) have been widely used in aerospace field thanks to their superior high temperature properties. However, the interfacial microstructure of the composites is still not thoroughly understood in details. In this study, we focus on the morphology of the reaction-formed Sic and the interfacial microstructure between carbon and Sic in the c/c-Sic composites fabricated by liquid silicon infiltration performed at 1700 ?c. The fine microstructure of the composites was investigated systematically by using transmission electron microscopy. The results show that two main types of interface are formed in the composites: (i) the fine-grained Sic is formed adjacent to the pyrolytic carbon, followed by a layer of coarse-grained Sic;and (ii) some extremely large Sic grains are formed directly on the pyrolytic carbon, and different pyrolytic carbon coatings can be connected by these large Sic grains. Additionally, some subgrains with grain size of a few tens of nanometers or even smaller can be found near the pyrolytic carbon or carbon fibers. The formation mechanism of the Sic/carbon interface is also discussed based on the fine microstructure observed.

关键词： composites c c-Sic Liquid silicon infiltration TEM Morphology Interfacial microstructure

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Insight into pre-sodiation in Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃/c @ hard carbon full cells for promoting the development of sodium-ion battery

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cHEMIcAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021年 413卷 127565-127565页

作者： Pi, Yuqiang Gan, Zhiwei Yan, Mengyu Pei, cunyuan Yu, Hui Ge, Yaowen An, Qinyou Mai, Liqiang Wuhan Univ Technol State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc Wuhan 430070 Hubei Peoples R China WUT Powerful Energy Co Ltd Wuhan 430223 Hubei Peoples R China Adv Energy Sci & Technol Guangdong Lab Foshan Xianhu Lab Xianhu Hydrogen Valley 528200 Foshan Peoples R China

Sodium-ion battery has been put into an eager consideration in the large-scale energy storage system, owing to its inexpensive cost ($/kWh) than that of the lithium-ion battery. The gap from research to industry still exists, however, including low energy density and unsatisfactory cycling lifespan in full cells. Here we report a Na-ion full cell with spray-dried Na3V2(PO4)2F3/c (NVPF/c) cathode and pre-sodiated hard carbon (Hc) anode. It is demonstrated that the full cells (NVPF-Hc), assembled with 100% presodiated Hc anode, exhibits the best energy storage capability and rate performance. A remarkable reversible capacity of 114.1 mA h g-1 at 0.5c (attaining 95% of capacity for NVPF-Na anode half-cell), a desirable power performance with 90.6 mA h g-1 at a high rate of 20c, and an impressive cycling life (71.8% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 10c) are achieved. The outstanding battery performance is ascribed to that the electroactivity Na+ in Hc can maximize the scavenger effect and forms the more stable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI). Moreover, an Hc pre-sodiation degree dependent Na-ion battery performance is proofed. The findings in this paper offer new insights on the electrode design strategy, which facilitates the development of sodium-ion technology.

关键词： Sodium-ion battery Pre-sodiated hard carbon (Hc) anode Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 c Electroactivity Na plus

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High-Performance Heteroatoms (B, S) Single- and Dual-Doped co/c catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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JOURNAL OF THE ELEcTROcHEMIcAL SOcIETY 2021年第10期168卷 104511-104511页

作者： Zhang, Hui-Juan Zhang, Yujing cai, chunlei Ma, Zi-Feng Xue, Yuhua Zhang, Jiujun Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Coll Sci Inst Sustainable Energy Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Chem Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Developing effective non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance in a wide range of clean electrochemical energy conversion technologies. In this work, N-free heteroatoms (B, S) single- and dual-doped co/c catalysts for ORR are synthesized, characterized and compared with respect to their ORR catalytic performances. Electrochemical results show that BS-co/c has a high ORR catalytic performance with an ORR peak potential (865 mV) and a half-wave potential (850 mV), better than both B-co/c (842 mV and 818 mV) and S-co/c (859 mV and 842 mV). Moreover, BS-co/c has a main 4-electron ORR pathway, a good stability and strong methanol-tolerance. compared to B-co/c and S-co/c, a synergistic ORR catalysis of BS-co/c is observed in this work. The results of several structural characterizations indicate that this BS-co/c possesses a structure of B and S dual-doped carbon with amorphous co to improve the ORR catalytic performance.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction non-precious metal catalyst co c dual-doped heteroatoms

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In situ X-ray tomography characterisation of 3D deformation of c/c-Sic composites loaded under tension

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cOMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED ScIENcE AND MANUFAcTURING 2021年 145卷 106390-106390页

作者： chen, Yang Shi, Yuan chateau, camille Marrow, James Univ Oxford Dept Mat Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3PH England German Aerosp Ctr DLR Stuttgart Inst Struct & Design Pfaffenwaldring 38-40 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Univ Gustave Eiffel Lab Navier CNRS Ecole Ponts ParisTech F-77455 Marne La Vallee France

c/c-Sic composites fabricated through Liquid Silicon Infiltration were tested under monotonic tension with in situ X-ray computed tomography. The specimens had different fibre orientations with respect to the tensile direction, 0?/90? and ?45?, such that the tension accounted for in-axis and off-axis loads, respectively. The 3D XcT images provided explicit visualisations and quantitative measurements of the distributions of Sic-Si and the orientations of the c fibre bundles. The full-field displacement and strain fields were measured by Digital Volume correlation, observing a difference in the local deformations in response to the in-axis and off-axis loading. In both specimens, the tensile load triggered significant strain localisations at low stress (<50 MPa). Strong local deformations, observed at both low and high applied stresses, were mostly in the through-thickness direction, indicating local delamination. These observations show the importance of residual stresses to damage development in c/c-Sic composites.

关键词： A ceramic-matrix composites (cMcs) B Mechanical properties c Micro-mechanics D cT analysis

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Appraisal of anti-Parkinson activity of rhinacanthin-c in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism in mice: A mechanistic approach

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JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOcHEMISTRY 2021年第4期45卷 e13677-e13677页

作者： Saleem, Uzma Gull, Zujajah Saleem, Ammara Shah, Muhammad Ajmal Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan Anwar, Fareeha Ahmad, Bashir Panichayupakaranant, Pharkphoom Govt Coll Univ Faisalabad Fac Pharmaceut Sci Dept Pharmacol Faisalabad Pakistan Riphah Int Univ Lahore Riphah Inst Pharmaceut Sci Lahore Pakistan Govt Coll Univ Fac Pharmaceut Sci Dept Pharmacognosy Faisalabad Pakistan Prince Songkla Univ Fac Pharmaceut Sci Phytomed & Pharmaceut Biotechnol Excellence Ctr Hat Yai Thailand

This study aimed to appraise the anti-Parkinson's potential of rhinacanthin-c (Rc). Rc (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was orally administered for 25 days in albino mice to treat haloperidol-induced parkinsonism (1 mg/kg). Rc significantly (p < .05) improved the motor symptoms in block, bar, rotarod, and balance beam walking tests in treated mice. Rc reduced the cataleptic effect dose-dependently. The Rc therapy notably (p < .001) enhanced reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels while decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels in the tissue homogenates of the treated mice. The Rc therapy significantly (p < .01-.001) restored the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels in the brain tissue of treated mice as co-evidenced from brain histology. Rc did not adversely affect complete blood count, and liver and kidney function tests. Taken together, these results have shown that Rc is effective in treating motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Practical applications Rhinacanthus nasutus is a medicinally rich plant that has folklore use in several ailments. The plant possessed multiple pharmacological activities due to the presence of naphthoquinones. The major compound of this plant rhinacanthin-c was used in the present study to evaluate it's anti-Parkinson's activity. The results provide scientific evidence of the anti-Parkinson's potential of rhinacanthin-c that support the use of R. nasutus leaves in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disorder.

关键词： haloperidol neurodegenerative oxidative stress Parkinson’ s disease rhinacanthin‐ c

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