The MIR449 genomic locus encompasses several regulators of multiciliated cell (Mcc) formation (multiciliogenesis). The miR-449 homologs miR-34b/c represent additional regulators of multiciliogenesis that are transcrib...
详细信息
The MIR449 genomic locus encompasses several regulators of multiciliated cell (Mcc) formation (multiciliogenesis). The miR-449 homologs miR-34b/c represent additional regulators of multiciliogenesis that are transcribed from another locus. Here, we characterized the expression of BTG4, LAYN, and HOATZ, located in the MIR34B/c locus using single-cell RNA-seq and super-resolution microscopy from human, mouse, or pig multiciliogenesis models. BTG4, LAYN, and HOATZ transcripts were expressed in both precursors and mature Mccs. The Layilin/LAYN protein was absent from primary cilia, but it was expressed in apical membrane regions or throughout motile cilia. LAYN silencing altered apical actin cap formation and multiciliogenesis. HOATZ protein was detected in primary cilia or throughout motile cilia. Altogether, our data suggest that the MIR34B/c locus may gather potential actors of multiciliogenesis.
Indonesia has great potential in producing large quantities of renewable energy sources, such as biomass. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced from biomass. It is can be developed in agricultural countries pro...
详细信息
Indonesia has great potential in producing large quantities of renewable energy sources, such as biomass. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced from biomass. It is can be developed in agricultural countries producing rice and coffee, where a large amount of waste is produced in the form of rice husks and coffee grounds. This study examined the effect of physiochemical pretreatment and the c/N ratio on biogas production using coffee grounds and rice husk mixtures. Physical pretreatment was conducted by grinding the mixture up to 50 mesh size, followed by chemical pretreatment by soaking the mixture in 3% KOH;moreover, the variation in the c/N ratio was set at 25 and 30. Anaerobic bacteria were acquired from rumen fluid. The ratio of the coffee ground material, rice husks, and rumen fluid was 1:1:1. This research was conducted in duplicate under batch conditions at ambient temperature (25-35 oc) with a digester volume of 1.5 L. Biogas productivity was measured every 2 d for 60 d. The experimental results indicated that biogas production with a c/N ratio of 30 was 13.3-66.5% higher than that with a c/N ratio of 25. The inclusion of physical pretreatment at a c/N ratio of 30 increased biogas production by up to 31.3%. Moreover, the inclusion of a chemical pretreatment at a c/N ratio of 30 resulted in 30.3% higher biogas production. The kinetics model of biogas production showed that a c/N ratio of 30 with physical and alkaline pretreatment can produce maximum biogas yields of 6,619 mL and 6,570 mL, respectively. Overall, both pretreatments sequentially increased the production
Background: Activation of TLR3 receptors, which are sensitive to viral infection, has emerged as a possible mechanism that increases alcohol intake in rodents. Objectives: These studies examined whether a history of e...
详细信息
Background: Activation of TLR3 receptors, which are sensitive to viral infection, has emerged as a possible mechanism that increases alcohol intake in rodents. Objectives: These studies examined whether a history of ethanol dependence exacerbated the increase in drinking driven by the TLR3 agonist poly I:c. Methods: Male c57BL/6J mice (>10 per group) were given access to ethanol (20% v/v) 2 hours a day following a history of home cage drinking or after having been rendered ethanol-dependent using a chronic intermittent ethanol (cIE) vapor model. After testing multiple doses, a 5 mg/kg repeated poly I:cchallenge was used to probe the effects of repeated immune challenge, alone or in conjunction with repeated cycles of cIE, on voluntary drinking. An ethanol (12% v/v) operant self-administration model was used to test the effects of poly I:c on stress-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking and consumption. Results: Poly I:c in naive animals resulted in transient, modest increases in ethanol intake in the home cage and in self-administration (p < 0.05). However, poly I:cchallenge resulted in sensitized stress-induced ethanol consumption and evoked a strong and persistent escalation of drinking in mice with a history of dependence (p < 0.05 for both). conclusion: Activation of viral immune defense may affect ethanol consumption in dependence and sensitivity to future stressors. As patients who suffer from alcohol use disorder are at a heightened risk for viral infection, this interaction could generate risk factors for exacerbating behaviors associated with Alcohol Use Disorders via an immune mechanism.
Liposome-mediated delivery is a possible means to overcome several shortcomings with c. elegans as a model for identifying and testing drugs that retard aging. These include confounding interactions between drugs and ...
详细信息
Liposome-mediated delivery is a possible means to overcome several shortcomings with c. elegans as a model for identifying and testing drugs that retard aging. These include confounding interactions between drugs and the nematodes' bacterial food source and failure of drugs to be taken up into nematode tissues. To explore this, we have tested liposome-mediated delivery of a range of fluorescent dyes and drugs in c. elegans. Liposome encapsulation led to enhanced effects on lifespan, requiring smaller quantities of compounds, and enhanced uptake of several dyes into the gut lumen. However, one dye (Texas red) did not cross into nematode tissues, showing that liposomes cannot ensure the uptake of all compounds. Of six compounds previously reported to extend lifespan (vitamin c, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione (GSH), trimethadione, thioflavin T (ThT), and rapamycin), this effect was reproduced for the latter four in a condition-dependent manner. For GSH and ThT, antibiotics abrogated life extension, implying a bacterially mediated effect. With GSH, this was attributable to reduced early death from pharyngeal infection and associated with alterations of mitochondrial morphology in a manner suggesting a possible innate immune training effect. By contrast, ThT itself exhibited antibiotic effects. For rapamycin, significant increases in lifespan were only seen when bacterial proliferation was prevented. These results document the utility and limitations of liposome-mediated drug delivery for c. elegans. They also illustrate how nematode-bacteria interactions can determine the effects of compounds on c. elegans lifespan in a variety of ways.
The sorption properties of the new Al2O3||ccomposite were studied. A feature of its macroscopic morphology and structure is the amorphous state of alumina generated in an inert atmosphere in chemical contact with the...
详细信息
The sorption properties of the new Al2O3||ccomposite were studied. A feature of its macroscopic morphology and structure is the amorphous state of alumina generated in an inert atmosphere in chemical contact with the graphene-like carbon surface. This feature is shown to determine the high chemical activity of the alumina-based composite (Ac) in an aqueous medium, which is comparable with the activity of alpha-Al2O3 or gibbsite Al(OH)(3). The sorption properties of the obtained composite towards La(III), ce(III), U(VI) ions are described within the surface complexation model. The agreement between the values of the first hydrolysis constant of La(III), ce(III), and U(VI) cations calculated from the sorption experiment and published data proves the adequacy of the chosen sorption model. It follows from simulation that the sorption activity of the composite is caused by a higher constant (K-1a) of the acid dissociation of -OH2surf+ groups (pK(1a) = 3.9) of the amorphous Ac surface and the partial distribution coefficients of individual hydroxo complexes of the studied cations. Sorption of ions by the composite in a solution of humic acids (HA) is completely determined by the parallel reaction of competitive sorption of protonated HA anions by the amorphous Ac surface in the HA concentration range of 10-200 mg/L. Al2O3||c is an effective sorbent for trace amounts of La(III), ce(III), U(VI), their chemical analogs, and humic acid in natural and working solutions with a low salt background.
The c-2 carbon-concentrating mechanism increases net cO2 assimilation by shuttling photorespiratory cO2 in the form of glycine from mesophyll to bundle sheath cells, where cO2 concentrates and can be re-assimilated. T...
详细信息
The c-2 carbon-concentrating mechanism increases net cO2 assimilation by shuttling photorespiratory cO2 in the form of glycine from mesophyll to bundle sheath cells, where cO2 concentrates and can be re-assimilated. This glycine shuttle also releases NH3 and serine into the bundle sheath, and modelling studies suggest that this influx of NH3 may cause a nitrogen imbalance between the two cell types that selects for the c-4 carbon-concentrating mechanism. Here we provide an alternative hypothesis outlining mechanisms by which bundle sheath NH3 and serine play vital roles to not only influence the status of c-2 plants along the c-3 to c-4 evolutionary trajectory, but to also convey stress tolerance to these unique plants. Our hypothesis explains how an optimized bundle sheath nitrogen hub interacts with sulfur and carbon metabolism to mitigate the effects of high photorespiratory conditions. While c-2 photosynthesis is typically cited for its intermediary role in c-4 photosynthesis evolution, our alternative hypothesis provides a mechanism to explain why some c-2 lineages have not made this transition. We propose that stress resilience, coupled with open flux tricarboxylic acid and photorespiration pathways, conveys an advantage to c-2 plants in fluctuating environments. An alternative theory for bundle sheath ammonia tolerance in c(2)species suggests that c(2)to c(4)evolutionary transitions may depend on bundle sheath nitrogen hub optimization.
Genetic variations in the AGT gene play a significant role in controlling the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen (precursor protein of bioactive octapeptide angiotensin II) and the efficacy of antihypertensive dr...
详细信息
Genetic variations in the AGT gene play a significant role in controlling the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen (precursor protein of bioactive octapeptide angiotensin II) and the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. In the current study, Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PcR) was developed for genotyping of AGT rs699 T/c polymorphism and validated through Sanger DNA sequencing. Its efficiency was also tested using 474 human DNA samples [control, n = 181;cardiovascular disease (cVD) patients, n = 293]. Results showed that T-ARMS-PcR is superior to the commonly used PcR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PcR-RFLP). Statistical analysis revealed that the AGT rs699 cc genotype is more prevalent in the cVD patient group (37% vs. 28%) and AGT rs699 c allele and cc genotype increased the risk of cVD by 1.4 and 1.9 fold, respectively. In summary, T-ARMS-PcR is the most suitable approach for quick and efficient genotyping of AGT rs699 T/c polymorphism in a large population in resource-limited countries, Furthermore, AGT rs699 T/c polymorphism is associated with the risk of cVD in the Punjabi Pakistani population.
An Au-doped nanostructured TiO2/c material was synthesized by a facile approach via calcination of Ti-based metal-organic-framework (MIL-125) with Au-doped from HAucl4 and was used to fabricate a modified glassy carbo...
详细信息
An Au-doped nanostructured TiO2/c material was synthesized by a facile approach via calcination of Ti-based metal-organic-framework (MIL-125) with Au-doped from HAucl4 and was used to fabricate a modified glassy carbon electrode (GcE) for detection of ferulic acid (FA). The composition and morphology of TiO2/c/Au were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The redox properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the reported sensor not only exhibited high selectivity, but also showed a wide linear range over FA concentrations from 0 to 20.0 mu M with a low detection limit of 1.6 x 10(-8 )mol/L, attributed to advantageously high electron transfer efficiency.
Understanding how we can age healthily is a challenge at the heart of biogerontological interest. Whereas myriad genes are known to affect the lifespan of model organisms, effects of such interventions on healthspan-t...
详细信息
Understanding how we can age healthily is a challenge at the heart of biogerontological interest. Whereas myriad genes are known to affect the lifespan of model organisms, effects of such interventions on healthspan-the period of life where an animal is considered healthy, rather than merely alive-are less clear. To understand relationships between life- and healthspan, in recent years several platforms were developed with the purpose of assessing both readouts simultaneously. We here relied on one such platform, the WorMotel, to study effects of adulthood-restricted knock-down of 130 caenorhabditis elegans genes on the locomotive health of the animals along their lifespans. We found that knock-down of six genes affected healthspan while lifespan remained unchanged. For two of these, F26A3.4 and chn-1, knock-down resulted in an improvement of healthspan. In follow-up experiments we showed that knockdown of F26A3.4 indeed improves locomotive health and muscle structure at old age.
In decapod crustaceans, the conditions experienced during embryonic development trigger phenotypic plasticity of the larvae at hatching. The objective of this study was to test the effects of temperature during embryo...
详细信息
In decapod crustaceans, the conditions experienced during embryonic development trigger phenotypic plasticity of the larvae at hatching. The objective of this study was to test the effects of temperature during embryonic development of Palaemon serratus on the phenotypic plasticity of hatching larvae. We incubated egg-bearing females from eggs laying to hatching at four temperatures (10, 15, 18 and 20 degrees c). Weight, carbon and nitrogen contents were measured on newly laid eggs and on freshly hatched larvae. The duration of embryonic development was negatively correlated with incubation temperature. At 20 degrees c, all females abandoned their eggs during development. Incubation temperature had no effect on the weight and the percentage of N of the larvae at hatching, while it did affect their percentage of c and their c/N ratio. Embryos incubated at 10 degrees c seemed to produce larvae with fewer lipid reserves than those incubated at 15 and 18 degrees c. They probably overconsumed their lipid reserves to compensate for the metabolic losses due to the low temperature. These results provide information on the link between maternal investment per egg and larval development in P. serratus.
暂无评论