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Finding shortcuts through collective tunnel excavations in a subterranean termite

BEHAVIORAL EcOLOGY 2023年第3期34卷 354-362页

作者： Michael, Zion chouvenc, Thomas Su, Nan-Yao Lee, Sang-Bin Florida Int Univ Dept Mech & Mat Engn 10555 W Flagler StEC 3400 Miami FL 33174 USA Univ Florida Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr Entomol & Nematol 3205 Coll Ave Ft Lauderdale FL 33314 USA

Facilitating efficient resource transfer requires building an optimized transportation network which balances cost minimization with benefit maximization. For animals which forage for food located remotely, optimizing their transportation networks is critically related to survival. This process often involves finding and using the shortest route to save time and energy. Subterranean termites forage for wood resources by excavating underground foraging networks for search and transport. Because termites have no prior knowledge of food location during the food searching phase, establishment of a short tunnel between the nest and feeding site is difficult at the beginning of foraging. Thus, finding a short route should logically follow initial food discovery. However, it remains elusive as to how subterranean termites find the shortest route for food transportation. We simulated different scenarios using coptotermes formosanus by providing different shapes and distances of pre-formed tunnels (straight, detour, and detour + twisting arenas) to food, where food items were located at a fixed distance from the arena entrance. Termites in the straight arena continuously used the pre-formed tunnel, showing negligible branching efforts. However, termites in the detour and detour + twisting arenas followed the pre-formed tunnel only for the initial few hours before excavating many branching tunnels. This branching activity ultimately resulted in termites finding shorter commuting routes than the pre-formed tunnels. In addition, the shortest established routes were widened over time. This study demonstrated that c. formosanus could actively alter tunnel networks to minimize the cost in food transportation by using short and wide tunnels. Subterranean termites excavate underground tunnel networks to search for and transport food. With no prior knowledge about food location, termites likely alter tunnel networks to optimize them after food discovery. To understand how termites mo

关键词： c formosanus foraging transportation network tunneling behavior

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Proteotoxic stress disrupts epithelial integrity by inducing MTOR sequestration and autophagy overactivation

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AUTOPHAGY 2023年第1期19卷 241-255页

作者： cheng, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Pei Zhao, Hongyu Zheng, Hui Zheng, Kai Zhang, Hong Zhang, Hongjie Univ Macau Fac Hlth Sci Ctr Reprod Dev & Aging Taipa 999078 Macau Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Biophys Natl Lab Biomacromol Beijing Peoples R China Univ Macau MoE Frontiers Sci Ctr Precis Oncol Taipa Macau Peoples R China

Macroautophagy/autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved degradation system, serves to clear intracellular components through the lysosomal pathway. Mounting evidence has revealed cytoprotective roles of autophagy;however, the intracellular causes of overactivated autophagy, which has cytotoxic effects, remain elusive. Here we show that sustained proteotoxic stress induced by loss of the RING and Kelch repeat-containing protein c53A5.6/RIKE-1 induces sequestration of LET-363/MTOR complex and overactivation of autophagy, and consequently impairs epithelial integrity in c. elegans. In c53A5.6/RIKE-1-deficient animals, blocking autophagosome formation effectively prevents excessive endosomal degradation, mitigates mislocalization of intestinal membrane components and restores intestinal lumen morphology. However, autophagy inhibition does not affect LET-363/MTOR aggregation in animals with compromised c53A5.6/RIKE-1 function. Improving proteostasis capacity by reducing DAF-2 insulin/IGF1 signaling markedly relieves the aggregation of LET-363/MTOR and alleviates autophagy overactivation, which in turn reverses derailed endosomal trafficking and rescues epithelial morphogenesis defects in c53A5.6/RIKE-1-deficient animals. Hence, our studies reveal that c53A5.6/RIKE-1-mediated proteostasis is critical for maintaining the basal level of autophagy and epithelial integrity.

关键词： Autophagy c elegans endosomal degradation epithelial morphogenesis LET-363 MTOR proteostasis

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Response of nitrogen use efficiency, N-assimilating enzymes and growth in cyclocarya paliurus seedlings to different nitrogen nutrition

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JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 2023年第14期46卷 3547-3556页

作者： Qin, Jian Yue, Xiliang Shang, Xulan Fang, Shengzuo Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Forestry Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry Univ Coinnovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry Southern China Nanjing Peoples R China

cyclocarya paliurus has been used as tea production and medicine in china. In order to identify c. paliurus preference for absorption of nitrogen (N) nutrition and the relationship between c/N ratio and growth, effects of five NO3-/NH4+ ratio treatments on growth, N absorption and metabolism of c. paliurus seedlings were investigated. compared to NH4+ as a sole N source, the seedlings supplied with a sole NO3- source had higher growth rate, percent of nitrogen derived from nitrogen fertilizer (NDFF), N content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, mixed nitrate-ammonium nutrition improved growth and NUE in c. paliurus seedling, while an equal mixed ratio nutrition induced the highest NDFF and seedling growth. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities in leaves and roots showed a decreased trend with decreasing NO3- in growth medium, whereas the highest glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOAGT) activities were detected at the equal mixed ratio of NO3-/NH4+. Regression analysis showed that activities of the N-assimilated enzymes were positively correlated with NUE and N content in c. paliurus seedlings, but the seedling growth was negatively and significantly correlated with c/N ratio. Our study demonstrated that c. paliurus preferred NO3- over NH4+ in N nutrition, but an equal mixed ratio of NO3-/NH4+ would best improve seedling growth and nitrogen use efficiency. This study would provide a basis for manipulating nitrogen fertilization in c. paliurus plantations.

关键词： c N ratio growth rate nitrogen form nutrient absorption wheel wingnut

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Ethanol preservation effects on stable carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotopes in the freshwater pearl mussel

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HYDROBIOLOGIA 2023年第8期850卷 1885-1895页

作者： Hajisafarali, Mahsa Taskinen, Jouni Eloranta, Antti P. Kiljunen, Mikko Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Biol & Environm Sci POB 35 Jyvaskyla 40014 Finland

chemical preservatives can alter stable isotope ratios in animal tissues. The effects of preservation on delta c-13 and delta N-15 values have been investigated in a variety of species, but not on delta H-2 values or on the freshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) tissues. We evaluated the effect of ethanol preservation (unpreserved vs preserved tissues) over 6 months on the delta c-13, delta N-15 and delta H-2 values of FPM foot and gonad tissues. Ethanol preservation significantly increased delta c-13 values (foot 0.4 parts per thousand;gonad 0.3 parts per thousand), whereas it did not significantly affect delta N-15 values (foot 0.2 parts per thousand;gonad - 0.1 parts per thousand). The positive effect of ethanol preservation on delta H-2 values (foot 7.1 parts per thousand;gonad 14.5 parts per thousand) and the negative effect on c:N ratios (foot - 0.1;gonad - 0.5) depended on the tissue type, with larger effects found on the lipid-rich gonad. Overall, ethanol preservation affected delta H-2 values more than the delta c-13, delta N-15 or c:N ratios of FPM tissues. After 1 month of preservation, the isotope values remained rather stable, and significant changes were only observed in delta N-15 values. The results imply that ethanol-preserved FPM samples can be used if potential shifts in isotopic and elemental ratios are accounted for prior running mixing models for estimating dietary proportions.

关键词： c N ratio Deuterium Margaritifera margaritifera Stable isotope analysis Ethanol storage Lipids

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comparative analysis of the effect of nano-copper and cu2O treatment on cryptocaryon irritans tomonts in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) farming

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AQUAcULTURE 2023年第1期577卷

作者： Zhou, Ying Liu, Quanyin Hu, Kun Ge, Mingfeng Xu, Shengwei Huang, chengyi Jin, Shan Ma, Rongrong Wang, Jianping Ningbo Univ Sch Marine Sci Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China Ningbo Inst Oceanog & Fisheries Ningbo 315103 Peoples R China Shanghai Ocean Univ Coll Fisheries & Life Sci 999 Hucheng Huan Rd Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China

cryptocarya irritans is an obligate parasite causing the "white spot disease." This disease often leads to the death of a large number of cultured marine fish. This study aimed to compare the effects of cuprous oxide (cu2O) and nano-copper on the morphology and hatchability of tomonts to investigate the effects of copper derivatives on c. irritans tomonts. The potential mechanistic difference was also explored using the transcriptome. The results showed that cu2O seriously damaged the internal cell structure of tomonts, and the hatching rate of the tomonts in the cu2O-treated group was lower than that in the control group within 10 days. On the contrary, the effect of nano-copper on tomonts was not significant. The cytoplasm of tomonts treated with nano-copper dissolved, the internal structure was slightly loose, and the hatching rate of tomonts was even slightly higher than control group within 5 days. In the transcriptome analysis, 850 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 332 upregulated genes and 518 downregulated genes, were identified in the cu2O-treated groups. However, only 56 DEGs, including 34 upregulated genes and 22 downregulated genes, were identified in the nano-copper-treated groups. This indicated that the effect of cu2O on tomonts was greater than nano-copper. In the enrichment pathway analysis, DEGs in the cu2O-treated group were mostly enriched in the ribosome and apoptosis path-ways. Further analysis showed that genes (RPL18e, RPLP0, RPL10, RPL17, RPL26, RPL35, and RPL37) related to cell stress and defense were significantly upregulated and those (P53 and PKA) related to cell proliferation and development were downregulated, indicating that the killing effect was mainly mediated by different ribosomal and structural proteins. However, the DEGs (KcNMA1, cAcNA1c, cNGA1) in the nano-copper-treated group were enriched in the insulin secretion and cAMP signaling pathways, which were activate part of tomonts' innate immune response, complete

关键词： c irritans tomont Effect cu2O Nano-copper Mechanism

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composition of Endemic Baikal Genus cottocomephorus (cottidae: cottocomephorinae) with Revised Species Descriptions and Diagnoses

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JOURNAL OF IcHTHYOLOGY 2023年第1期63卷 1-13页

作者： Sideleva, V. G. Russian Acad Sci Zool Inst St Petersburg Russia

-comparative morphological studies of type and identified specimens of four species of genus cottocomephorus Pellegrin, 1900 confirmed the presence of morphological differentiation between species of this genus (c. grewingkii, c. alexandrae, c. comephoroides, and c. inermis). Morphological similarity of the species was reconstructed using cladistic analysis. Two main clades were identified, of which the basal position was occupied by the clade c. grewingkii. Another clade includes three species (c. alexandrae, c. comephoroides, and c. inermis). For species identification, we created a table with the most significant diagnostic features.

关键词： cottocomephorus c grewingkii alexandrae comephoroides inermis morphology taxonomy Lake Baikal

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(-)- Gossypol Inhibition of Musashi-Mediated Forgetting Improves Memory and Age-Dependent Memory Decline in caenorhabditis elegans

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MOLEcULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 2023年第2期60卷 820-835页

作者： Mastrandreas, Pavlina Arnold, Andreas Boglari, csaba De Quervain, Dominique J-F Stetak, Attila Papassotiropoulos, Andreas Univ Basel Transfac Res Platform Mol & Cognit Neurosci Birmannsgasse 8 CH-4055 Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Dept Psychol Div Mol Neurosci Birmannsgasse 8 CH-4055 Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Life Sci Training Facil Biozentrum Klingelbergstr 50-70 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Dept Psychol Div Cognit Neurosci Birmannsgasse 8 CH-4055 Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Univ Psychiat Clin Wilhelm Klein Str 27 CH-4055 Basel Switzerland

Musashi RNA-binding proteins (MSIs) retain a pivotal role in stem cell maintenance, tumorigenesis, and nervous system development. Recently, we showed in c. elegans that Musashi (MSI-1) actively promotes forgetting upon associative learning via a 3'UTR-dependent translational expression of the Arp2/3 actin branching complex. Here, we investigated the evolutionary conserved role of MSI proteins and the effect of their pharmacological inhibition on memory. Expression of human Musashi 1 (MSI1) and Musashi 2 (MSI2) under the endogenous Musashi promoter fully rescued the phenotype of msi-1(lf) worms. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of human MSI1 and MSI2 activity using (-)- gossypol resulted in improved memory retention, without causing locomotor, chemotactic, or learning deficits. No drug effect was observed in msi-1(lf) treated worms. Using Western blotting and confocal microscopy, we found no changes in MSI-1 protein abundance following (-)- gossypol treatment, suggesting that Musashi gene expression remains unaltered and that the compound exerts its inhibitory effect post-translationally. Additionally, (-)- gossypol suppressed the previously seen rescue of the msi-1(lf) phenotype in worms expressing human MSI1 specifically in the AVA neuron, indicating that (-)- gossypol can regulate the Musashi pathway in a memory-related neuronal circuit in worms. Finally, treating aged worms with (-)- gossypol reversed physiological age-dependent memory decline. Taken together, our findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Musashi might represent a promising approach for memory modulation.

关键词： Musashi Forgetting (-)- Gossypol c elegans Ageing

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In silico screening of the phytochemicals present in clitoria ternatea L. as the inhibitors of snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2)

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JOURNAL OF BIOMOLEcULAR STRUcTURE & DYNAMIcS 2023年第16期41卷 7874-7883页

作者： Suveena, S. Saraswathy, V Junaida, M., I Vinod, M. P. Laladhas, K. P. Nair, Achuthsankar S. Sudhakaran, P. R. Oommen, Oommen, V Univ Kerala Ctr Venom Informat Dept Computat Biol & Bioinformat Trivandrum Kerala India St Stephens Coll Dept Zool Kollam Kerala India

Millions of people suffer from snake bite envenomation, and its management is a challenge, even today. Medicinal plants have attracted the researcher's attention for their outstanding advantages in treating many diseases, including snake venom poisoning. clitoria ternatea L, is a plant popularly known for its various pharmacological effects especially, anti-snake venom property. However, the molecular mechanism behind this is poorly understood. It is reported that snake venom PLA(2) is an extensively studied toxic factor. This study is meant to screen the compound's capability to act as inhibitors of the Daboia russelli snake venom PLA(2) through molecular docking and dynamics studies. Our results show that among the 27 compounds taken for the study, only Kaempferol showed good interaction profile with the conserved catalytic active site residues, His48 and Asp49. The pharmacophore features of the compound also demonstrate its exact fitting at the binding pocket. Further RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bond analysis confirmed the stable binding of Kaempferol with PLA(2) through molecular dynamic simulations for 100 ns. In addition, the MM/PBSA binding free energy calculation of the complex was also affirming the docking results. The binding free energy (BFE) of Kaempferolis better than the reference compound. ADME and Lipinski's rule of five reveals its drug like properties. communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

关键词： PLA2 c ternatea Kaempferol ADME T docking and MM PBSA

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The cost-effectiveness of non-invasive stool-based colorectal cancer screening offerings from age 45 for a commercial and medicare population

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JOURNAL OF MEDIcAL EcONOMIcS 2023年第1期26卷 1219-1226页

作者： Ebner, Derek Kisiel, John Barnieh, Lianne Sharma, Rishika Smith, Nathaniel J. Estes, chris Vahdat, Vahab Ozbay, A. Burak Limburg, Paul Fendrick, A. Mark Mayo Clin Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol Rochester MN 55905 USA Maple Hlth Grp New York NY USA Exact Sci Madison WI USA Univ Michigan Ctr Value Based Insurance Design Ann Arbor MI USA

Aim The United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF) recently recommended lowering the age for average-risk colorectal cancer (cRc) screening from 50 to 45 years. While initiating screening at age 45 versus 50 provides a greater opportunity for cRc early detection and prevention, the full profile of benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness of expanding the screen-eligible population requires further *** and methods The costs and clinical outcomes for screening at age 45 for triennial multi-target stool DNA [mt-sDNA], and other non-invasive stool-based modalities (annual fecal immunochemical test [FIT] and annual fecal-occult blood test [FOBT]), were estimated using the validated cRc-AIM microsimulation model over a lifetime horizon. Test sensitivity and specificity inputs were based on 2021 USPSTF modeling analyses;adherence rates were based on published real-world data and the costs of the screening test, follow-up colonoscopies, complications, and cRc care were included. Outcomes are reported from the perspective of a United States payer as clinical, life-years gained (LYG), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (IcER);stool-based and follow-up colonoscopy adherence ranges were explored in one-way, probabilistic and threshold *** When compared to initiation of cRc screening at age 45 versus 50, all modalities reduced both the incidence of and mortality from cRc and increased LYG. Initiating cRc screening at age 45 was cost-effective with an IcER of $59,816 and $35,857 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for mt-sDNA versus FIT and FOBT, respectively. In the threshold analyses, at equivalent rates to stool-based screening, mt-sDNA was always cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY versus FIT and *** Initiating average-risk cRc screening at age 45 instead of age 50 increases the estimated clinical benefit by reducing disease burden while remaining cost-effective. Among stool-based sc

关键词： colorectal cancer screening preventive health services cost-effectiveness guidelines I12 I1 I c30 c3 c

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Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on the growth, immune responses, and disease resistance of carassius auratus

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AQUAcULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2023年第1期31卷 157-177页

作者： Li, Ruoming chi, Teng Xu, Qing Liu, Juntong Shan, Xiaofeng Zhou, Rui Yao, Jiayun Sun, Wuwen Wang, Guiqin Jilin Agr Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Changchun 130118 Jilin Peoples R China Inst Freshwater Fisheries Zhejiang Prov Huzhou 313001 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Probiotics have been documented to promote growth, immunity, and disease resistance in farmed fish. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate single or conjoint effects of some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Enterococcus faecalis on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of carassius auratus. Fish were fed a basal diet supplemented with L. lactis (group B), L. rhamnosus (group c), E. faecalis (group D), L. lactis + L. rhamnosus (group E), L. rhamnosus + E. faecalis (group F), L. lactis + E. faecalis (group G), and L. lactis + L. rhamnosus + E. faecalis (group H) at 5.0 x 10(8) cFU/g diet for 34 days. After feeding, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival had significantly increased (p < 0.05) for group E. The results indicated that single or conjoint administration of LAB induced high levels of IgM, LZM, AKP, and SOD activity in serum, which may effectively induce humoral immunity, and group E induced even higher levels. At the same time, when compared to the basal diet (group A), the results of qPcR showed that probiotic administration significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of IL-10, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in the spleen, kidney, liver, and intestine of c. auratus. After challenge with the Aeromonas hydrophila, the survival rates in all probiotic-fed groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of group A, and the relative protection rates of groups B, c, D, E, F, G, and H were 27%, 30.7%, 40.94%, 42.32%, 39.38%, 33.61%, and 37.5%, respectively. Our data indicated that probiotics could promote growth, enhance immune indicators, and enhance immune capacity. In summary, combined administration of probiotics had a better effect on c. auratus. This experiment could provide a reference for the optimal combination of probiotic additives for aquatic animals.

关键词： compound probiotics Different combinations c auratus Growth Immunity

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