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Dominance of land-derived organic matter in highly productive Bandon Bay, Thailand

cONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARcH 2023年 257卷

作者： chinfak, Narainrit charoenpong, chawalit Wu, Ying Zhang, Guosen Somphongchaiyakul, Penjai Zhang, Jing East China Normal Univ State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res 500 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200241 Peoples R China Chulalongkorn Univ Fac Sci Dept Marine Sci Bangkok 10330 Thailand

Bandon Bay is Thailand's productive area for mariculture of many economically important species including oysters and clams. High primary productivity in this shallow bay leads to organic matter (OM) production in the water column and its export to underlying sediments and adjacent areas. However, the understanding of the source and fate of OM in Bandon Bay is still scarce. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated organic carbon (Oc) and total nitrogen (TN) elemental contents, c/N elemental ratios, and stable carbon (613c) and nitrogen isotopic (615N) compositions in surface sediments, sediment cores, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from Bandon Bay and surrounding river systems during the wet season in 2019. 613c values in bay sediments indicate a major contribution of from terrigenous sources. During low tide, river-associated high -615N input of SPM from freshwater phytoplankton input to the bay was evident. The OM source apportionment was further made using a four-end-member mixing model showing more than 70% of sediment organic matter to be of terrestrial origin (freshwater phytoplankton and land soils) most likely brought to the bay via Tapi-Phumduang River. In addition, tidal cycles, and prevailing circulation in the bay cause mixing of OM in the bay with marine OM from the Gulf of Thailand. All these processes work together to bring about dispersal, dilution, and transformation of OM in Bandon Bay, which maintain high organic content in the sediment and supply nutrients essential for high shellfish production in Bandon Bay.

关键词： Organic matter Sediments Suspended particulate matter c N ratio Stable isotopes Wet season

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Anti-oxidant response of lipidom modulates lipid metabolism in caenorhabditis elegans and in OxLDL-induced human macrophages by tuning inflammatory mediators

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BIOMEDIcINE & PHARMAcOTHERAPY 2023年 160卷 114309-114309页

作者： Balkrishna, Acharya Gohel, Vivek Pathak, Nishit Singh, Rani Tomer, Meenu Rawat, Malini Dev, Rishabh Varshney, Anurag Governed Patanjali Res Fdn Trust Patanjali Res Inst Drug Discovery & Dev Div NH-58 Haridwar 249405 Uttaranchal India Univ Patanjali Patanjali Yog Peeth Dept Allied & Appl Sci Roorkee Haridwar Rd Haridwar 249405 Uttaranchal India Patanjali Yog Peeth UK Trust 40 Lambhill StKinning Pk Glasgow G41 1AU Scotland Jawaharlal Nehru Univ Special Ctr Syst Med New Delhi 110067 India

Atherosclerosis is the main pathological process of several cardiovascular diseases. It may begin early in life and stay latent and asymptomatic for an extended period before its clinical manifestation. The formation of foamy macrophages due to dysregulated lipid metabolism is a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. The current pharmacotherapy for atherosclerosis is not able to address multiple aetiologies associated with the disease. Lipidom, an herbal prescription medicine, has anti-oxidant, lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory properties that lead to multifaceted treatment benefits against chronic inflammation, dyslipidaemia, and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to characterize the pharmacological effects of Lipidom using various experimental models. The phytochemical analysis of Lipidom was performed on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLc) platform. Lipidom was evaluated for cytosafety, IL-1 beta and McP-1 release, modulation of NLRP3 pathway, NF kappa B activity, ROS generation, lipid accumulation and gene expression in THP1 macrophages. Furthermore, Lipidom evaluation was also performed in the N2, cF1553, and TJ356 strains of caenorhabditis elegans (c. elegans). The evaluation of brood size, adult (%), lipid accumulation, triglyceride levels, SOD-3 GFP signal, MDA formation, DAF-16 nuclear translocation, and gene expression was performed in c. elegans. Lipidom treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory mediators, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and normalized genes involved in the development of foamy macrophages. Lipidom treated c. elegans showed a significant decline in lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Taken together, Lipidom treatment showed a multifaceted approach in the modulation of several mediators responsible for the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Macrophages Inflammation Lipid accumulation Oxidative stress c elegans

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MOF-808-derived carbon granules with a bimodal micro-mesoporous structure

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MRS cOMMUNIcATIONS 2023年第1期13卷 70-74页

作者： Kim, Yoo Ri Jeong, Jeong Yun Lim, Se Min Im, Kyungmin Kwon, Hyuk Taek Kim, Jinsoo Kyung Hee Univ Dept Chem Engn Integrated Engn 1732 Deogyeong Daero Yongin 17104 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Pukyong Natl Univ Dept Chem Engn 45 Yongso Ro Pusan 48513 South Korea

Porous carbons can be prepared from crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by pyrolysis. However, MOF-derived porous carbons (denoted as MPcs) are mostly composed of microporosity, potentially causing diffusional limitation during guest transport. To overcome the potential diffusional limitation of MPcs due to pore size constraints, secondary meso- or macropores need to be introduced in the MPcs. Our strategy is to granulize MOF-808 nanoparticles via spray drying, followed by pyrolysis and HF etching, yielding MPc granules with a bimodal micro-mesoporous structure, in which the micropores originate from intrinsic pores of MOF-808 and the mesopores stem from interparticle spaces between assembled MOF-808 particles.

关键词： Metal-organic Framework (MOF) Pyrolysis c Porosity

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Pathogenicity and virulence of clostridioides difficile

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VIRULENcE 2023年第1期14卷 2150452页

作者： Buddle, Jessica E. Fagan, Robert P. Univ Sheffield Sch Biosci Mol Microbiol Sheffield England

clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterized by high levels of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Treatment is complex, since antibiotics constitute both the main treatment and the major risk factor for infection. Worryingly, resistance to multiple antibiotics is becoming increasingly widespread, leading to the classification of this pathogen as an urgent threat to global health. As a consummate opportunist, c. difficile is well equipped for promoting disease, owing to its arsenal of virulence factors: transmission of this anaerobe is highly efficient due to the formation of robust endospores, and an array of adhesins promote gut colonization. c. difficile produces multiple toxins acting upon gut epithelia, resulting in manifestations typical of diarrheal disease, and severe inflammation in a subset of patients. This review focuses on such virulence factors, as well as the importance of antimicrobial resistance and genome plasticity in enabling pathogenesis and persistence of this important pathogen.

关键词： c difficile virulence factors antimicrobial resistance toxins spores cDI

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Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the aerial parts of cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Will. Watson (lemongrass oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

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EFSA JOURNAL 2023年第7期21卷 e08180页

作者： Bampidis, Vasileios Azimonti, Giovanna Bastos, Maria de Lourdes christensen, Henrik Durjava, Mojca Kouba, Maryline Lopez-Alonso, Marta Puente, Secundino Lopez Marcon, Francesca Mayo, Baltasar Pechova, Alena Petkova, Mariana Ramos, Fernando Sanz, Yolanda Villa, Roberto Edoardo Woutersen, Ruud chesson, Andrew Schlatter, Josef Westendorf, Johannes Dirven, Yvette Manini, Paola Dusemund, Birgit EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)

Following a request from the European commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of lemongrass oil obtained from the aerial parts of cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Will. Watson when used as a sensory additive for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that lemongrass oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 125 mg/kg for salmonids;100 mg/kg for sows and horses;75 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), cattle for fattening, dairy cows, sheep and goats;and 50 mg/kg for dogs and ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed were 41 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 61 mg/kg for laying hens, 55 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 74 mg/kg for piglets, 88 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 65 mg/kg for rabbits and 33 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive is safe at 33 mg/kg complete feed. The use of lemongrass oil in water for drinking for poultry, pigs, calves and rabbit is safe provided that the total daily intake does not exceed the daily amount considered safe when consumed via feed. No concerns for consumers and the environment were identified following the use of the additive up to the highest safe use level in feed. The essential oil under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Since the aerial parts of c. flexuosus and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

关键词： sensory additives flavouring compounds c flexuosus lemongrass oil neral geranial safety

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cryptic genetic variation of expression quantitative trait locus architecture revealed by genetic perturbation in caenorhabditis elegans

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G3-GENES GENOMES GENETIcS 2023年第5期13卷 jkad050页

作者： van Wijk, Marijke H. Riksen, Joost A. G. Elvin, Mark Poulin, Gino B. Maulana, Muhammad, I Kammenga, Jan E. Snoek, Basten L. Sterken, Mark G. Wageningen Univ & Res Lab Nematol Droevendaalsesteeg 1 NL-6708 PB Wageningen Netherlands Peak Prot Birchwood House Larkwood Way Macclesfield SK10 2XR Cheshire England Univ Manchester Fac Biol Med & Hlth Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr Sch Biol SciDiv Mol & Cellular Funct Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL England Univ Utrecht Theoret Biol & Bioinformat NL-3584 CH Utrecht Netherlands POB 8123 NL-6700 ES Wageningen Netherlands

Genetic perturbation in different genetic backgrounds can cause a range of phenotypes within a species. These phenotypic differences can be the result of the interaction between the genetic background and the perturbation. Previously, we reported that perturbation of gld-1, an important player in the developmental control of caenorhabditis elegans, released cryptic genetic variation (cGV) affecting fitness in different genetic backgrounds. Here, we investigated the change in transcriptional architecture. We found 414 genes with a cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and 991 genes with a trans-eQTL that were specifically found in the gld-1 RNAi treatment. In total, we detected 16 eQTL hotspots, of which 7 were only found in the gld-1 RNAi treatment. Enrichment analysis of those 7 hotspots showed that the regulated genes were associated with neurons and the pharynx. Furthermore, we found evidence of accelerated transcriptional aging in the gld-1 RNAi-treated nematodes. Overall, our results illustrate that studying cGV leads to the discovery of hidden polymorphic regulators.

关键词： c elegans cryptic genetic variation eQTL genetic perturbation

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Response of nitrogen use efficiency, N-assimilating enzymes and growth in cyclocarya paliurus seedlings to different nitrogen nutrition

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JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 2023年第14期46卷 3547-3556页

作者： Qin, Jian Yue, Xiliang Shang, Xulan Fang, Shengzuo Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Forestry Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry Univ Coinnovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry Southern China Nanjing Peoples R China

cyclocarya paliurus has been used as tea production and medicine in china. In order to identify c. paliurus preference for absorption of nitrogen (N) nutrition and the relationship between c/N ratio and growth, effects of five NO3-/NH4+ ratio treatments on growth, N absorption and metabolism of c. paliurus seedlings were investigated. compared to NH4+ as a sole N source, the seedlings supplied with a sole NO3- source had higher growth rate, percent of nitrogen derived from nitrogen fertilizer (NDFF), N content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, mixed nitrate-ammonium nutrition improved growth and NUE in c. paliurus seedling, while an equal mixed ratio nutrition induced the highest NDFF and seedling growth. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities in leaves and roots showed a decreased trend with decreasing NO3- in growth medium, whereas the highest glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOAGT) activities were detected at the equal mixed ratio of NO3-/NH4+. Regression analysis showed that activities of the N-assimilated enzymes were positively correlated with NUE and N content in c. paliurus seedlings, but the seedling growth was negatively and significantly correlated with c/N ratio. Our study demonstrated that c. paliurus preferred NO3- over NH4+ in N nutrition, but an equal mixed ratio of NO3-/NH4+ would best improve seedling growth and nitrogen use efficiency. This study would provide a basis for manipulating nitrogen fertilization in c. paliurus plantations.

关键词： c N ratio growth rate nitrogen form nutrient absorption wheel wingnut

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Proteotoxic stress disrupts epithelial integrity by inducing MTOR sequestration and autophagy overactivation

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AUTOPHAGY 2023年第1期19卷 241-255页

作者： cheng, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Pei Zhao, Hongyu Zheng, Hui Zheng, Kai Zhang, Hong Zhang, Hongjie Univ Macau Fac Hlth Sci Ctr Reprod Dev & Aging Taipa 999078 Macau Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Biophys Natl Lab Biomacromol Beijing Peoples R China Univ Macau MoE Frontiers Sci Ctr Precis Oncol Taipa Macau Peoples R China

Macroautophagy/autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved degradation system, serves to clear intracellular components through the lysosomal pathway. Mounting evidence has revealed cytoprotective roles of autophagy;however, the intracellular causes of overactivated autophagy, which has cytotoxic effects, remain elusive. Here we show that sustained proteotoxic stress induced by loss of the RING and Kelch repeat-containing protein c53A5.6/RIKE-1 induces sequestration of LET-363/MTOR complex and overactivation of autophagy, and consequently impairs epithelial integrity in c. elegans. In c53A5.6/RIKE-1-deficient animals, blocking autophagosome formation effectively prevents excessive endosomal degradation, mitigates mislocalization of intestinal membrane components and restores intestinal lumen morphology. However, autophagy inhibition does not affect LET-363/MTOR aggregation in animals with compromised c53A5.6/RIKE-1 function. Improving proteostasis capacity by reducing DAF-2 insulin/IGF1 signaling markedly relieves the aggregation of LET-363/MTOR and alleviates autophagy overactivation, which in turn reverses derailed endosomal trafficking and rescues epithelial morphogenesis defects in c53A5.6/RIKE-1-deficient animals. Hence, our studies reveal that c53A5.6/RIKE-1-mediated proteostasis is critical for maintaining the basal level of autophagy and epithelial integrity.

关键词： Autophagy c elegans endosomal degradation epithelial morphogenesis LET-363 MTOR proteostasis

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chalcone Schiff bases disrupt cell membrane integrity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans cells

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ARcHIVES OF MIcROBIOLOGY 2023年第6期205卷 246-246页

作者： Erguden, Bengu Luleci, Hatice Busra Unver, Yasemin Gebze Tech Univ Dept Bioengn TR-41400 Kocaeli Turkiye Karadeniz Tech Univ Fac Sci Dept Chem TR-61080 Trabzon Turkiye

chalcones have a variety of cellular protective and regulatory functions that may have therapeutic potential in many diseases. In addition, they are considered to affect key metabolic processes in pathogens. Nevertheless, our current knowledge of the action of these compounds against fungal cell is scarce. Therefore, in this study, various substituted chalcone Schiff bases were investigated to reveal their cellular targets within the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans. First, their antifungal activities were determined via minimum inhibitory concentration method. Surprisingly, parent chalcone Schiff bases showed little or no antifungal activity, while the nitro-substituted derivatives were found to be highly active against yeast cells. Next, we set out to determine the cellular target of active compounds and tested the involvement of the cell wall and cell membrane in this process. Our conductivity assay confirmed that the yeast cell membrane was compromised, and that ion leakage occurred upon treatment with nitro-substituted chalcone Schiff bases. Therefore, the cell membrane came to the fore as a possible target for the active chalcone derivatives. We also showed that exogenous ergosterol added to the growth medium reduced the inhibitory effect of chalcones. Our findings open up new possibilities for the design of future antimicrobial agents based on this appealing backbone structure.

关键词： chalcones Yeast c albicans S cerevisiae Antifungal activity cell membrane Ergosterol

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Treatment outcomes of patients with cutibacterium acnes-positive cultures during total joint replacement revision surgery: a minimum 2-year follow-up

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ARcHIVES OF ORTHOPAEDIc AND TRAUMA SURGERY 2023年第6期143卷 2951-2958页

作者： Hoch, A. Fritz, Y. Dimitriou, D. Bossard, D. A. Fucentese, S. F. Wieser, K. Achermann, Y. Zingg, P. O. Univ Zurich Balgrist Univ Hosp Orthopaed Dept Forchstr 340 CH-8008 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Univ Hosp Zurich Div Infect Dis & Hosp Epidemiol Ramistr 100 CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland Hosp Zollikerberg Internal Med Trichtenhauserstr 20 CH-8125 Zollikerberg Switzerland

Introduction Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total joint replacement (TJR). cutibacterium acnes (c. acnes) is a low virulent skin commensal, commonly found during TJR revision surgery for "aseptic" causes. The purpose of the present study was to report the treatment outcomes of patients with c. acnes contamination or infection in the presence of a TJR treated with a revision surgery +/- implant exchange +/- prolonged (>= 8 weeks) postoperative antibiotics. Methods Medical records of patients with at least one positive c. acnes culture in intraoperative tissue samples or sonication fluid from a TJR revision surgery between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was infection eradication according to Delphi criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative TJR aspiration regarding the diagnosis of c. acnes PJI was also investigated. Results A total of 52 TJR (28 shoulders, 17 hips, 7 knees) in 52 patients (35 males, 17 females) with an average age of 63 +/- 11 (33-86) years were included. At an average follow-up of 67 +/- 33 (24-127) months, the infection eradication of c. acnes PJI was 97% regardless of the surgical treatment or administration of prolonged postoperative antibiotics. The incidence of unsuspected c. acnes PJI was 28.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative joint aspiration in detecting c. acnes PJI were 59% and 88%, whereas the PPV and NNV were 83% and 67%, respectively. conclusion Infection eradication of c. acnes PJI was very high at a minimum follow-up of 24 months, suggesting that c. acnes PJI could be adequately treated with a combination of revision surgery and prolonged postoperative antibiotics. The preoperative diagnosis of c. acnes PJI might be challenging with more than one-quarter of patients presenting without suspicion of c. acnes PJI. The appropriate treatment of patients with a single positive culture remains still unclear. A negative TJ

关键词： c acnes Periprosthetic joint infections Revision Outcomes Total joint replacement

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