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correlation between the Electrochemical Durability of Pt/c catalysts and the Surface Functional Groups of the Support carbon

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AcS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023年第3期6卷 1294-1307页

作者： Omann, Kristian Juul Sharma, Raghunandan Morgen, Per Gyergyek, Saso Larsen, Mikkel Juul Andersen, Shuang Ma Univ Southern Denmark Dept Green Technol DK-5230 Odense M Denmark Jozef Stefan Inst Dept Mat Synth Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia IRD Fuel Cells A S DK-5220 Odense SO Denmark

Herein, we report the effects of the catalyst support surface chemical/physical state of commercially available high -surface-area carbons on the electrochemical performance of Pt/c electrocatalysts synthesized using carbons as the support for platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs). A series of Pt/c electrocatalysts were synthesized through a microwave-assisted polyol process. The support carbons and the Pt/c catalysts were characterized for their structural characteristics including crystallinity, microstructure (morphology and particle size distribution), physical surface area, porosity, thermal behavior, and surface chemical state. Evaluation of the electrocatalytic performances and durability parameters of the Pt/c catalysts was performed through cyclic voltammetry and an accelerated stress test (AST). The results showed that the support carbons have similar physical properties except for the amounts and types of oxygen-containing surface functional groups. The Pt/c catalysts supported on the carbon with a higher surface oxygen content were found more durable during the AST, as compared to their corresponding counterparts supported on the carbon with a lower surface oxygen content. This was attributed to the presence of oxygen functional groups that may function as the active sites for the nucleation of new Pt-NPs, hence inhibiting Ostwald ripening to some extent. This study provides valuable catalyst support selection criteria and synthesis parameters at different pressures.

关键词： PEMFc Pt c carbon black (cB) catalyst support durability

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High biochar rates may suppress rice (Oryza sativa) growth by altering the ratios of c to N and available N to P in paddy soils

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SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2023年第1期39卷 415-428页

作者： Binh Thanh Nguyen Vinh Ngoc Nguyen Tong Xuan Nguyen My Hoang Nguyen Hao Phu Dong Gai Dai Dinh Nghia Van Nguyen Tan-Viet Pham Ind Univ Ho Chi Minh City Inst Environm Sci Engn & Management Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Vietnam Natl Univ Int Univ Dept Environm Engn Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Van Lang Univ Fac Safety Engn Sch Engn & Ichnol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ind Univ Ho Chi Minh City Inst Biotechnol & Food Technol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

Although most studies have indicated that biochar can boost rice (Oryza sativa) growth, the material may also suppress it, depending on ratios of carbon (c) to nitrogen (N) and available N to available phosphorous (P). The current study sought to examine the impacts of biochar on rice growth and to identify underlying mechanisms. A pot experiment was conducted using two soils of high (3.05%) and low (0.54%) organic carbon (Oc) content, mixed with 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12% biochar and planted with rice. Rice growth components, five rice tissue nutrients, and nine soil properties were measured. The results showed that the response of rice growth to biochar rates could be described using an exponential-growth function in high-Oc soil but an inverted U-shaped curve in low-Oc soil. In high-Oc soil, the 12% biochar rate led to the greatest total biomass, increased by 47%, whereas in low-Oc soil, the 3 and 6% rates exhibited the highest total biomass, increased by 44%, compared to the no-biochar added soils. Biochar elevated the c:N ratio from 11.5 to 39.1, with an optimal range of 20-30 corresponding to the highest rice growth. Biochar declined the ratio of NH4-N to Mehlich-1 P, causing N deficiency. In brief, high biochar rates may suppress rice growth when the soil c:N ratio exceeds 30. The applied biochar rate should be considered based on soil properties typically Oc and N content to obtain the c:N ratio between 20 and 30 for optimal rice growth.

关键词： biochar rate c N ratio rice growth soil nitrogen concentration soil organic carbon

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Structural insights of Labeo catla (catla) myxovirus resistance protein,GTP binding recognition and constitutive expression induced with Poly I:c

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JOURNAL OF BIOMOLEcULAR STRUcTURE & DYNAMIcS 2024年第7期42卷 3520-3534页

作者： Panda, Soumya Prasad Roy, Pragyan Soren, Dhananjay Ranjan Sahoo, Deepak Dehury, Budheswar Rout, Ajaya Kumar Behera, Bijay Kumar Das, Basanta Kumar ICAR Cent Inst Freshwater Aquaculture Fish Hlth Management Div Bhubaneswar Orissa India ICAR Cent Inland Fisheries Res Inst Biotechnol Div Kolkata W Bengal India Ravenshaw Univ Dept Zool Cuttack Orissa India Nayagarh Autonomous Coll Dept Zool Nayagarh Orissa India ICMR Reg Med Res Ctr Bioinformat Div Nalco Sq Bhubaneswar Orissa India

The Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are critical effectors belonging to the super-family of guanidine triphosphatase, often stimulated by type I interferon (IFN) and mediates antiviral responses to restrict the replication of numerous viral genes in fishes. In teleosts, Mx proteins display diverse and complicated antiviral activity in different species. The present investigation seeks to characterize the Mx gene from Labeo catla upon induction by double-stranded (ds) RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, (poly I: c). Molecular modeling and all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to understand the architecture of the GTPase domain and its plausible mode of GTP recognition in Mx protein. The full-length L. catla Mx (LcMx) gene sequence (1821 bp nucleotides) encodes an open reading frame of 606 amino acids. Domain search indicated conserved tripartite domain architecture of LcMx and forms a major cluster with the Mx from other teleosts. The positively charged Arginine and polar Glutamine residues from helix 3 and 4 of stalk region LcMx aid in homo-oligomerization. MD simulation portrayed the role of conserved critical residues aid in GTP recognition by the GTPase domain which perfectly corroborates with experimental findings and prior MD studies. After injection of poly I:c, the temporal mRNA profile showed that LcMx expression was significantly elevated in the spleen, brain, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, intestine, and gill tissues. collectively, these results suggest that the elevated expression of the major innate immune defense gene Mx was able to inhibit the poly I: c mediated virulence in *** by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

关键词： Myxovirus resistance proteins poly I c molecular dynamics simulation interferon type I open reading frames guanosine triphosphate

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Effect Handlers for c via coroutines

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PROcEEDINGS OF THE AcM ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES-PAcMPL 2024年第OOPSLA期8卷 2462-2489页

作者： Alvarez-Picallo, Mario Freund, Teodoro Ghica, Dan R. Lindley, Sam Huawei Res Ctr Edinburgh Scotland Univ Birmingham Birmingham England Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland

Effect handlers provide a structured means for implementing user-defined, composable, and customisable computational effects, ranging from exceptions to generators to lightweight threads. We introduce libseff, a novel effect handlers library for c, based on coroutines. Whereas prior effect handler libraries for c are intended primarily as compilation targets, libseff is intended to be used directly from c programs. As such, the design of libseff parts ways from traditional effect handler implementations, both by using mutable coroutines as the main representation of pending computations, and by avoiding closures as handlers by way of reified effects. We show that the performance of libseff is competitive across a range of platforms and benchmarks.

关键词： Effect Handlers coroutines c

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Torsion and flexural-torsional coupled mechanical properties of different c/Sic torque tubes at room and elevated temperatures

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cERAMIcS INTERNATIONAL 2023年第10期49卷 14989-14996页

作者： Liu, Xiaochong Wang, Dongying Su, Yangzhi Guo, Hongqiang Li, Longbiao Liu, chidong Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Xian 710072 Peoples R China Xian Xinyao Ceram Composite Mat Co Ltd Xian 710117 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Civil Aviat 29 Jiangjun Ave Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China

In this paper, the torsion and flexural-torsional coupled mechanical properties of different c/Sic torque tubes were investigated for the testing condition at room and elevated temperatures. Effects of fiber types, fiber preforms, and small hole during fabrication process on torsion mechanical properties were investigated. Flexural -torsional coupled mechanical tests for c/Sic torque tubes with different external diameter and wall thickness were conducted at room and elevated temperatures. The torsion and flexural moments and corresponding shear and flexural strength were obtained. The fracture surface and cracks propagation path were observed and analyzed. The torque and shear strength in T300TM-3k torque tube were much higher than those of T300TM-1k torque tube. Among 3D needled (3DN), 2D plain-woven [0 degrees /90 degrees] and [+/- 45 degrees] c/Sic torque tubes, the density, torque, and shear strength of 3DN-c/Sic torque tube were the highest. For the c/Sic torque tubes with small hole, the small hole not only increased the densification and uniformity (axial and radial) of the torque tube, but also has the potential to make the damage cracks more zigzag, which improved the fracture toughness of the torque tubes.

关键词： c Sic Torque tube Torsion Flexural -torsional Mechanical properties

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Realization of nitrite accumulation in an autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification system using different S/N/c ratios coupled with ANAMMOX to achieve nitrogen removal

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JOURNAL OF cHEMIcAL TEcHNOLOGY AND BIOTEcHNOLOGY 2023年第1期98卷 269-281页

作者： Ma, Jiao Liu, Hong Dang, Hongzhong Wu, Xinbo Yan, Yuan Zeng, Tianxu Li, Weiwei chen, Yongzhi Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ Sch Environm & Municipal Engn Lanzhou 730070 Peoples R China Tech Ctr Sewage Treatment Ind Gansu Lanzhou Peoples R China Key Lab Yellow River Water Environm Gansu Prov Lanzhou Peoples R China

BAcKGROUND Nitrogen and sulfur pollutants have become an urgent problem in surface and groundwater. Short-cut denitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) is an economical and efficient biological nitrogen removal process. However, single heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic denitrification face the problems of high treatment cost and high secondary sulfate pollution, respectively. Moreover, in real environments, single nutrient conditions are less common. Therefore, this work aims to study the process of mixotrophic short-cut denitrification coupled with ANAMMOX to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and sulfur removal. RESULTS Mixotrophic short-cut denitrification was successfully initiated on day 20, while the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was 81.47%. The optimal performance of the mixotrophic denitrification system was achieved when the ratio of sulfur to nitrogen to carbon (S/N/c) was 3/4/9, with S2--S, NO3--N, and cOD removal reaching 100%, 94.48%, and 95.48%, respectively, with a NAR of 94.24% and only 11.73 mg L-1 of SO42--S production. Modified Boltzmann and Gompertz models were found to be suitable to describe the removal of NO3--N, with both models exhibiting good data fitting (R-2 > 0.99). In addition, no distinctly dominant genus was found in the mixotrophic denitrification systems. Autotrophic, heterotrophic, and facultative denitrifying bacteria (such as Thiobacillus Pseudomonas and Halomonas) were found to coexist and synergistically perform denitrification. cONcLUSION Mixotrophic short-cut denitrification can achieve the efficient accumulation of NO2--N and reduce the amount of SO42--S production at the same time. Mixotrophic short-cut denitrification coupled with ANAMMOX can deeply remove sulfide, nitrogen, and organic carbon. (c) 2022 Society of chemical Industry.

关键词： S N c nitrite kinetics mixotrophic microbial community

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In situ dispersed carbon fibre network for reinforcing a c/c composite-Tc4 alloy brazed joint

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ScIENcE AND TEcHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING 2023年第3期28卷 235-241页

作者： Wang, Zeyu Ju, Zhenjiang Butt, Hassaan Li, Guokun Zhao, Tianmou Mo, Zhao Li, Manni Wang, Zhijie Jiangsu Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Zhenjiang Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol State Key Lab Adv Welding & Joining Harbin Peoples R China Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol Lab Nanomat Moscow Russia Jiangsu Univ Automot Engn Res Inst Zhenjiang Peoples R China Feijian Ind & Trade Co Ltd Jinhua Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn 301 Xuefu Rd Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Automot Engn Res Inst 301 Xuefu Rd Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Feijian Ind & Trade Co Ltd Peoples Republ Chin 387 Huaxia Rd Jinhua 321300 Peoples R China

In this work, a robust brazed joint of carbon fibre-reinforced carbon-based (c/c) composite and Tc4 alloy was produced by utilising a slice of c/c as an interlayer. The c/c slice interlayer caused microstructural and mechanical property enhancement. During brazing, massive in situ formed carbon fibres broke away from the c/c slice bundles and were distributed in a three-dimensional interlocked network. These unique fibres consumed excessive Ti to inhibit the formation of excess brittle Ti-cu compounds in the brazing seam. This reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion effectively, consequently relieving the high residual stress in the joint interface. The average shear strength of the joint brazed with the c/c slice interlayer reached 1.65 times higher than the directly brazed one.

关键词： Brazed joint c c composite Tc4 alloy c slice interlayer interlocked network residual stress shear strength

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Hydrophilic ZnO/c nanocomposites with superior adsorption, photocatalytic, and photo-enhanced antibacterial properties for synergistic water purification

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JOURNAL OF cOLLOID AND INTERFAcE ScIENcE 2023年第1期648卷 535-550页

作者： chen, Xiaofang chen, Yimin Zhang, Lingyu Liu, Zhihua Qiu, Enhui Liu, Qiaoling Regulacio, Michelle D. Lin, chang Yang, Da-Peng Fujian Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Fuzhou Peoples R China Fujian Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Quanzhou Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples Hosp 9 Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Shanghai 200011 Peoples R China Univ Philippines Diliman Inst Chem Quezon City 1101 Philippines Quanzhou Normal Univ Coll Chem Engn & Mat Sci Quanzhou 362000 Peoples R China Univ Hlth & Rehabil Sci Sch Rehabil Sci & Engn Qingdao 266024 Shandong Peoples R China

Owing to the numerous potential applications of ZnO nanomaterials, the development of ZnO-based nanocomposites has become of great scientific interest in various fields. In this paper, we are reporting the fabrication of a series of ZnO/c nanocomposites through a simple "one-pot" calcination method under three different temperatures, 500 & DEG;c, 600 & DEG;c, and 700 & DEG;c, with samples labeled as ZnO/c-500, -600, and -700, respectively. All samples exhibited adsorption capabilities and photon-activated catalytic and antibacterial properties, with the ZnO/c-700 sample showing superior performance among the three. The carbonaceous material in ZnO/c is key to expanding the optical absorption range and improving the charge separation efficiency of ZnO. The remarkable adsorption property of the ZnO/c-700 sample was demonstrated using congo red dye, and is credited to its good hydrophilicity. It was also found to exhibit the most notable photocatalysis effect due to its high

关键词： Hydrophilic ZnO c Photocatalysis Antibacterial Adsorption

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In situ tensile damage characterization of c/c composites through X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation

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cERAMIcS INTERNATIONAL 2023年第7期49卷 10471-10480页

作者： Li, Wudi Jian, Yingjie Zhou, Xingui Wang, Honglei Natl Univ Def Technol Sci & Technol Adv Ceram Fibers & Composites Lab Changsha 410073 Peoples R China

carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix (c/c) composites have been used in aerospace applications due to their excellent performance. Exploring their failure mechanisms is a subject of extensive research. Nowadays, to obtain information about changes in the failure processes, a technology known as in situ X-ray computed to-mography is used. In this paper, tensile loads were applied to 3D fine-woven punctured and needle-punched c/c composites perpendicular to the punctured and needle-punched directions. In situ X-ray computed tomography was employed to observe damage development, and digital volume correlation was used to assess the laboratory X-ray computed tomographs to measure local strains. Assimilation of pores is observed in c/c composites, with cracks evolving from original micro-pores. While fine-woven punctured c/c composites present an elegant linear failure, needle-punched c/c composites present a traditional non-linear failure. This difference is due to the different structures of the preforms. Furthermore, the c/c composites are weak at the sites where they are punctured or needle-punched.

关键词： X-ray computed tomography Digital volume correlation c c composite Mechanical behavior

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Don't Write, but Return: Replacing Output Parameters with Algebraic Data Types in c-to-Rust Translation

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PROcEEDINGS OF THE AcM ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES-PAcMPL 2024年第PLDI期8卷 716-740页

作者： Hong, Jaemin Ryu, Sukyoung Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Daejeon South Korea

Translating legacy system programs from c to Rust is a promising way to enhance their reliability. To alleviate the burden of manual translation, automatic c-to-Rust translation is desirable. However, existing translators fail to generate Rust code fully utilizing Rust's language features, including algebraic data types. In this work, we focus on tuples and Option/Result types, an important subset of algebraic data types. They are used as functions' return types to represent those returning multiple values and those that may fail. Due to the absence of these types, c programs use output parameters, i.e., pointer-type parameters for producing outputs, to implement such functions. As output parameters make code less readable and more error-prone, their use is discouraged in Rust. To address this problem, this paper presents a technique for removing output parameters during c-to-Rust translation. This involves three steps: (1) syntactically translating c code to Rust using an existing translator;(2) analyzing the Rust code to extract information related to output parameters;and (3) transforming the Rust code using the analysis result. The second step poses several challenges, including the identification and classification of output parameters. To overcome these challenges, we propose a static analysis based on abstract interpretation, complemented by the notion of abstract read/write sets, which approximate the sets of read/written pointers, and two sensitivities: write set sensitivity and nullity sensitivity. Our evaluation shows that the proposed technique is (1) scalable, with the analysis and transformation of 190k LOc within 213 seconds, (2) useful, with the detection of 1,670 output parameters across 55 real-world c programs, and (3) mostly correct, with 25 out of 26 programs passing their test suites after the transformation.

关键词： Rust c Automatic Translation Output Parameter Algebraic Data Type

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