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Lack of antiviral activity of ivermectin against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in BALB/c mice

MIcROBIAL PATHOGENESIS 2023年第1期182卷 106245页

作者： Arshad, Sheeza Raza, Sohail Rafique, Rehan Altaf, Imran Sattar, Adeel Univ Vet & Anim Sci Inst Microbiol Lahore Pakistan Foot & Mouth Dis Res Ctr Lahore Pakistan Univ Vet & Anim Sci Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol Lahore Pakistan

Ivermectin is an FDA approved drug and showed in vitro antiviral activity against different serotypes of Footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We here assessed the effect of ivermectin in 12 day old female BALB/c mice infected with 50LD50 FMDV serotype O intraperitoneally. Initially FMDV was adopted on 3-day old BALB/c mice by blind passages. After successful adaptation of virus mice showed hind limb paralysis. Mice were divided in 6 different groups and each group has 6 mice. Ivermectin was given at clinically prescribed dose of 500 & mu;g/kg subcutaneously at different time interval. Ivermectin was given at 0 h post infection (hpi) and 12 hpi. Moreover we compared commercially available ivermectin with purified ivermectin preparation in sterilized DMSO. Viral load was evaluated through RT-qPcR and ELISA in different groups. Results showed that positive control and negative control has cT-value 26.28 and 38 respectively. Treated groups at 0hpi, 12hpi, purified ivermectin and pre-post treatment group has cT values 24.89, 29.44, 27.26 and 26.69 respectively that showed there was no significant reduction in virus load in treated groups as compare to positive control. In histopathology of lung tissue perialveolar capillaries were congested and alveoli were altelactic. Some emphysema was seen in alveoli and mild thickening in the alveolar wall was observed. In the alveolar epithelium mononuclear cells infiltration was seen. There was discoloration haemorrhages and enlargement of heart. Degeneration, fragmentation and loss of sarcoplasm were seen in the cardiac muscle fibers. Above results showed that ivermectin did not lessen lung and heart viral load. This study contributes that ivermectin does not have a significant antiviral effect when used in mice against FMDV serotype O, according to a growing body of research.

关键词： Foot-and-mouth disease virus Ivermectin BALB c Antiviral In vivo

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Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of different anatomical parts of corchorus olitorius and c. capsularis during different phenological stages

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HELIYON 2023年第6期9卷

作者： Biswas, Ashok Dey, Susmita Xiao, Aiping Huang, Siqi Birhanie, Ziggiju Mesenbet Deng, Yong Liu, Liangliang Li, Defang Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Bast Fiber Crops Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab Changsha 410205 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Bast Fiber Crops Dept Chem Changsha 410205 Peoples R China Sylhet Agr Univ Dept Hort Sylhet 3100 Bangladesh Sylhet Agr Univ Dept Plant Pathol & Seed Sci Sylhet 3100 Bangladesh 348 Xianjiahu Rd Changsha 410205 Hunan Peoples R China

Different parts of corchorus olitorius and c. capsularis possess different antioxidant compounds. This study investigated the phytochemical components and antioxidant capacities of ultrasoundassisted extraction of different plant parts of both species using spectrophotometry at various phenological stages. Results also indicate that leaves, stems and roots of c. olitorius at various growth stages showed higher phytochemical components and antioxidant potential compared to c. capsularis. The phytochemical components from roots to leaves in c. olitorius including total polyphenol 0.97-11.11 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid 0.99-7.78 mg QE/g DW and total tannin 4.02-26.89 TA E/g DW, whereas c. capsularis total polyphenol 1.04-7.93 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid 0.77-5.5.92 mg QE/g DW and total tannin content 3.17-22.73 TA E/g DW. c. olitorius produced overall 22.23%, 13.61%, 12.24% higher total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total tannin, respectively compare to c. capsularis. Different parts extract also significantly affected antioxidant capacities including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activity with values of 22.03-79.46% inhibition, 10.84-104.10 & mu;mol TE/g DW, and 10.84-104.10 & mu;mol Fe2+/g DW respectively for c. olitorius, while c. capsularis demonstrated 14.03-70.97% of DPPH inhibition, 9.16-95.60 & mu;mol TE/g DW of ABTS and 5.31-71.82 & mu;mol Fe2+/g DW of FRAP activity. Moreover, leaves of the flowering stage, young stems and aged roots of both species displayed a higher content of phytochemical and antioxidant activities than other growth stages. A positive correlation between the phytochemical and antioxidant potential indicated that phenolic constituents solely affected antioxidant activity. Thus, this study established that the plant's parts and phenological growth stages significantly influence the concentration of phytoconstituents and antioxidant activities, and determine the harvesting stages of the different organs of c. olitorius and c. capsularis for consid

关键词： Growth stages Bioactive compounds Variation Antioxidant potential c olitorius capsularis

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Substantial rDNA copy number reductions alter timing of development and produce variable tissue-specific phenotypes in c. elegans

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GENETIcS 2023年第1期224卷 iyad039-iyad039页

作者： Morton, Elizabeth A. Hall, Ashley N. cuperus, Josh T. Queitsch, christine SUNY Coll Brockport Dept Biol Brockport NY 14420 USA Univ Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin Energy Inst Madison WI 53726 USA Univ Washington Mol & Cellular Biol Program Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Genome Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA

The genes that encode ribosomal RNAs are present in several hundred copies in most eukaryotes. These vast arrays of repetitive ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been implicated not just in ribosome biogenesis, but also aging, cancer, genome stability, and global gene expression. rDNA copy number is highly variable among and within species;this variability is thought to associate with traits relevant to human health and disease. Here we investigate the phenotypic consequences of multicellular life at the lower bounds of rDNA copy number. We use the model caenorhabditis elegans, which has previously been found to complete embryogenesis using only maternally provided ribosomes. We find that individuals with rDNA copy number reduced to similar to 5% of wild type are capable of further development with variable penetrance. Such individuals are sterile and exhibit severe morphological defects, particularly in post-embryonically dividing tissues such as germline and vulva. Developmental completion and fertility are supported by an rDNA copy number similar to 10% of wild type, with substantially delayed development. Worms with rDNA copy number reduced to similar to 33% of wild type display a subtle developmental timing defect that was absent in worms with higher copy numbers. Our results support the hypothesis that rDNA requirements vary across tissues and indicate that the minimum rDNA copy number for fertile adulthood is substantially less than the lowest naturally observed total copy number. The phenotype of individuals with severely reduced rDNA copy number is highly variable in penetrance and presentation, highlighting the need for continued investigation into the biological consequences of rDNA copy number variation.

关键词： rDNA c elegans post-embryonic development

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Utility of Hematological Parameters in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis in comparison to c-Reactive Protein

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

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Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2023年第2期14卷 174-177页

作者： Divya Joshi Shetty K. Padma Jayaprakash Shetty K. Shreya Goel Abena Hidangmayum Renal and Transplant Pathology Fellow at Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre Ahmedabad Gujarat India Department of Pathology KS Hegde Medical Academy Nitte (deemed to be) University Mangalore Karnataka India Fellow in Diagnostic Hematology Bharati Hospital Pune Maharashtra India Department of Pathology Babina Diagnostics Imphal Manipur India

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Sequencing-based network analysis provides a core set of genes for understanding hemolymph immune response mechanisms against Poly I:c stimulation in Amphioctopus fangsiao

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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023年第1期133卷 108544页

作者： chen, Xipan Liu, Xiumei cai, Dequan Wang, Weijun cui, cuiju Yang, Jianmin Xu, Xiaohui Li, Zan Ludong Univ Sch Agr Yantai 264025 Peoples R China Yantai Univ Coll Life Sci Yantai 264005 Peoples R China Weihai Marine Dev Res Inst Weihai 264200 Peoples R China Ludong Univ Sch Agr 186 Middle Hongqi Rd Yantai 264025 Peoples R China

Aquatic viruses can spread rapidly and widely in seawater for their high infective ability. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:c), a viral dsRNA analog, is an immunostimulant that has been proved to activate various immune responses of immune cells in invertebrate. Hemolymph is a critical site that host immune response in invertebrates, and its transcriptome information obtained from Amphioctopus fangsiao stimulated by Poly I:c is crucial for understanding the antiviral molecular mechanisms of this species. In this study, we analyzed gene expression data in A. fangsiao hemolymph tissue within 24 h under Poly I:c stimulation and found 1082 and 299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Union set (1,369) DEGs were selected for subsequent analyses. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were carried out for identifying DEGs related to immunity. Several significant immune-related terms and pathways, such as toll-like receptor signaling pathways term, inflammatory response term, TNF signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway were identified. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for examining the relationships among immune-related genes. Finally, 12 hub genes, including EGFR, AcTG1, MAP2K1, and other nine hub genes, were identified based on the KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI network. The quantitative RT-PcR (qRT-PcR) was used to verify the expression profile of 12 hub genes. This research provides a reference for solving the problem of high mortality of A. fangsiao and other mollusks and provides a reference for the future production of some disease-resistant A. fangsiao.

关键词： Amphioctopus fangsiao Poly I c Immune response Protein -protein interaction networks Transcriptome

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Facile Directed Synthesis of (Z)-1-(Aryl(arylimino)methyl)piperidine-2,6-diones from c,N-Diarylformamidines

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIc cHEMISTRY 2023年第8期12卷 e202300324-e202300324页

作者： Trukhanova, Yulia A. Spiridonova, Dar'ya V. Kuvaeva, Elena V. chernov, Nikita M. Alekseeva, Galina M. Sopova, Marina V. Fedorova, Elena V. Yakovlev, Igor P. St Petersburg State Univ Chem & Pharm Dept Organ Chem St Petersburg 197376 Russia St Petersburg State Univ Fac Geol Dept Crystallog Univ Emb 7-9 St Petersburg 199034 Russia St Petersburg State Univ Chem & Pharm Dept Analyt Chem St Petersburg 197376 Russia

A simple methodology has been developed for the synthesis of previously unstudied N-substituted glutarimide derivatives - (Z)-1-(aryl(arylimino)methyl)piperidine-2,6-diones 4 a-p obtained in one step from c,N-diarylformamidines 1 a-p and glutaric anhydride 6 with product yields from 46 up to 88 % and chromatographic purity from 94 to 99 %. The structures of the obtained compounds were proved using NMR spectroscopy H-1, c-13, X-ray diffraction analysis, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. An in vivo study of the analgesic activity of a representative of series 4 a was carried out.

关键词： Amidines Analgesic activity c N-diarylformamidines Glutarimides X-ray

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A Twist-Box domain of the c. elegans Twist homolog, HLH-8, plays a complex role in transcriptional regulation

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GENETIcS 2023年第4期224卷 iyad066-iyad066页

作者： Gruss, Michael J. O'callaghan, colleen Donnellan, Molly corsi, Ann K. Catholic Univ Amer Dept Biol 620 Michigan Ave NE Washington DC 20064 USA

TWIST1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor in humans that functions in mesoderm differentiation. TWIST1 primarily regulates genes as a transcriptional repressor often through TWIST-Box domain-mediated protein-protein interactions. The TWIST-Box also can function as an activation domain requiring 3 conserved, equidistant amino acids (LXXXFXXXR). Autosomal dominant mutations in TWIST1, including 2 reported in these conserved amino acids (F187L and R191M), lead to craniofacial defects in Saethre-chotzen syndrome (ScS). caenorhabditis elegans has a single TWIST1 homolog, HLH-8, that functions in the differentiation of the muscles responsible for egg laying and defecation. Null alleles in hlh-8 lead to severely egg-laying defective and constipated animals due to defects in the corresponding muscles. TWIST1 and HLH-8 share sequence identity in their bHLH regions;however, the domain responsible for the transcriptional activity of HLH-8 is unknown. Sequence alignment suggests that HLH-8 has a TWIST-Box LXXXFXXXR motif;however, its function also is unknown. cRISPR/cas9 genome editing was utilized to generate a domain deletion and several missense mutations, including those analogous to ScS patients, in the 3 conserved HLH-8 amino acids to investigate their functional role. The TWIST-Box alleles did not phenocopy hlh-8 null mutants. The strongest phenotype detected was a retentive (Ret) phenotype with late-stage embryos in the hermaphrodite uterus. Further, GFP reporters of HLH-8 downstream target genes (arg-1::gfp and egl-15::gfp) revealed tissue-specific, target-specific, and allele-specific defects. Overall, the TWIST-Box in HLH-8 is partially required for the protein's transcriptional activity, and the conserved amino acids contribute unequally to the domain's function.

关键词： c elegans HLH-8 TWIST1 Saethre-chotzen syndrome Twist-Box domain tissue-specific transcriptional regulation

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Genetic diversity and structure in a selected strain of hybrid oysters between crassostrea gigas and c. angulata evaluated from microsatellites and mitochondrial cOI sequences

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AQUAcULTURE 2023年第1期574卷

作者： Jiang, Gaowei Zhang, Yifei Du, Lijie chen, Yulu Liang, Yuanxin Yu, Yi Xu, chengxun Li, Qi Ocean Univ China Key Lab Mariculture Minist Educ Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Lab Marine Fisheries Sci & Food Prod Proc Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

Summer mass mortality is a main problem affecting the production of Pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas). Selective breeding represents a promising method to improve the summer survival rate and growth of the oyster. However, the pitfall is that selection may significantly decrease genetic diversity, leading to inbreeding depression. The current study presented an analysis of genetic diversity in one hybrid oyster (GA -c. gigas 9 x c. angulata male), parental populations (c. gigas 9 x c. gigas male and c. angulata 9 x c. angulata male) and three generations of mass-strain GA strain (GAF1, GAF2 and GAF3) as well as four wild populations of c. gigas (Rc, QD, LY and ZS) using 18 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial cOI sequences. Heterozygosity levels of GA (He = 0.69) demostrated an increased genetic diversity in hybrids compared to the parental populations. Heterozygosity (He: 0.64-0.67) and cOI haplotypes (Hd: 0.195-0.279) revealed no significant (P > 0.05) loss of genetic diversity in selected strains over three generations. However, the average number of alleles (Na ranging from 8.06 to 7.61), polymorphic information content (I ranging from 1.53 to 1.43), heterozygosity (Ho ranging from 0.72 to 0.55) and effective population size (Ne -lin ranging from 144.1 to 51.2) exhibited a tendency to decrease with selection. Moderate genetic structuring (FST: 0.059-0.124;Nei's D: 0.140-0.326) was found among the selected strains and wild populations (QD, LY and ZS). These results indicate that breeders need to be cautious about artificial selection beyond the third generation and work to improve effective population sizes to maintain genetic gains. The results obtained in this study is that it provides important inference and guidance concerning future genetic improve-ment project.

关键词： Artificial selection Genetic diversity Hybrids crassostrea gigas c angulata

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Molecular characterization of a teleost-specific toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and its transcriptional change in response to poly I:c and Aeromonas hydrophila stimuli

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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023年第1期134卷 108579页

作者： Wei, Xiu-Ying Wang, Jun Guo, Sheng-Tao Lv, Yun-Yun Li, Yan-Ping Qin, chuan-Jie Zou, Yuan-chao Shi, Qing-chao Hu, Peng Xiong, Xiao-Qin He, Yang Li, Rui Huang, Ze-Jin chen, Dun-Xue Wen, Zheng-Yong Guizhou Univ Coll Anim Sci Guiyang 550025 Guizhou Peoples R China Neijiang Normal Univ Key Lab Sichuan Prov Fishes Conservat & Utilizat U Neijiang 641100 Peoples R China Neijiang Normal Univ Coll Life Sci Neijiang 641100 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Life Sci Key Lab Bioresources & Eco Environm Minist Educ Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PMPs) and play important roles in the innate immune system in vertebrates. In this study, we identified a teleost-specific tlr22 gene from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and its immune roles in response to different pathogens were also determined. The open reading frame (ORF) of the tlr22 was 2892 bp in length, encoding a protein of 963 amino acids. Multiple protein sequences alignment, secondary and three-dimensional structure analyses revealed that TLR22 is highly conserved among different fish species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phylogenetic topology was divided into six families of TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR11, and TLR22 subfamily was clustered into TLR11 family. Meanwhile, synteny and gene structure comparisons revealed functional and evolutionary conservation of the tlr22 gene in teleosts. Further-more, tlr22 gene was shown to be widely expressed in detected tissues except barbel and eye, with highest expression level in liver. The transcription of tlr22 was significantly increased in spleen, kidney, liver and gill tissues at different timepoints after Poly I:c infection, suggesting TLR22 plays critical roles in defensing virus invasion. Similarly, the transcription of tlr22 was also dramatically up-regulated in spleen, kidney and gill tissues with different patterns after Aeromonas hydrophila infection, indicating that TLR22 is also involved in resisting bacteria invasion. Our findings will provide a solid basis for the investigation the immune functions of tlr22 gene in teleosts, as well as provide useful information for disease control and treatment for yellow catfish.

关键词： Yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco tlr22 Poly I c Gene expression A hydrophila

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A new combined approach to prioritise seismic retrofit interventions on stocks of r.c. school buildings

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUcTION 2023年 93卷

作者： Saler, Elisa Gattesco, Natalino da Porto, Francesca Univ Padua Dept Geosci Via Gradenigo 6 I-35131 Padua Italy Univ Trieste Dept Engn & Architecture Piazzale Europa 1 I-34127 Trieste Italy

This paper presents a prioritisation procedure to rank reinforced concrete (r.c.) buildings that are part of a stock according to their seismic vulnerability, and to plan further verifications and retrofit interventions. The proposed approach is based on visual inspections, qualitative evalua-tion, and quantitative assessment. The qualitative evaluation is based on a new deficiency form, here presented, whereas the quantitative assessment is carried out through a simplified me-chanical model, which provides a ratio of capacity to demand. This work thus proposes a com-bination of the qualitative and quantitative approaches aimed at prioritisation. In this way, specific limitations of each approach are overcome through the combination. The proposed procedure was applied to the r.c. school building asset managed by the municipality of Padova (Italy). After describing the main characteristics of the inspected stock, the paper discusses the most commonly observed vulnerability factors and the application of the procedure. The quali-tative and quantitative approaches integrated each other quite well and showed a general good agreement.

关键词： r c school buildings Prioritisation Seismic vulnerability Decision-making Survey forms Simplified mechanical model

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