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changes in body shape implicate cuticle stretch in c. elegans growth control

cELLS & DEVELOPMENT 2022年 170卷 203780页

作者： Nyaanga, Joy Goss, christina Zhang, Gaotian Ahmed, Hannah N. Andersen, Elliot J. Miller, Isabella R. Rozenich, Justine K. Swarthout, Iris L. Vaughn, Jordan A. Mangan, Niall M. Shirman, Sasha Andersen, Erik c. Northwestern Univ Dept Mol Biosci Evanston IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ Interdisciplinary Biol Sci Program Evanston IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math Evanston IL 60208 USA

Growth control establishes organism size, requiring mechanisms to sense and adjust growth during development. Studies of single cells revealed that size homeostasis uses distinct control methods. In multicellular organisms, mechanisms that regulate single cell growth must integrate control across organs and tissues during development to generate adult size and shape. We leveraged the roundworm caenorhabditis elegans as a scalable and tractable model to collect precise growth measurements of thousands of individuals, measure feeding behavior, and quantify changes in animal size and shape during a densely sampled developmental time course. As animals transitioned from one developmental stage to the next, we observed changes in body aspect ratio while body volume remained constant. Then, we modeled a physical mechanism by which constraints on cuticle stretch could cause changes in c. elegans body shape. The model-predicted shape changes are consistent with those observed in the data. Theoretically, cuticle stretch could be sensed by the animal to initiate larval-stage transitions, providing a means for physical constraints to influence developmental timing and growth rate in c. elegans.

关键词： c elegans Developmental growth Growth control

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Solving polyhedral d.c. optimization problems via concave minimization

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JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION 2020年第1期78卷 37-47页

作者： vom Dahl, Simeon Loehne, Andreas Univ Paris Sud Dept Math F-91400 Orsay France Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Dept Math D-07737 Jena Germany

The problem of minimizing the difference of two convex functions is called polyhedral d.c. optimization problem if at least one of the two component functions is polyhedral. We characterize the existence of global optimal solutions of polyhedral d.c. optimization problems. This result is used to show that, whenever the existence of an optimal solution can be certified, polyhedral d.c. optimization problems can be solved by certain concave minimization algorithms. No further assumptions are necessary in case of the first component being polyhedral and just some mild assumptions to the first component are required for the case where the second component is polyhedral. In case of both component functions being polyhedral, we obtain a primal and dual existence test and a primal and dual solution procedure. Numerical examples are discussed.

关键词： Global optimization D c programming Multi-objective linear programming Linear vector optimization

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Using Peanut Shells to construct a Porous MnO/c composite Material with Highly Improved Lithium Storage Performance

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cHEMELEcTROcHEM 2020年第1期7卷 347-354页

作者： Zhan, Dan Wen, Tao Li, Yuqi Zhu, Yuqing Liu, Ke cui, Ping Jia, Zhiyong Liu, Huajun Lei, Kelin Xiao, Zuoan Hubei Univ Arts & Sci Hubei Key Lab Low Dimens Optoelect Mat & Devices 296 Longzhong Rd Xiangyang 441053 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Arts & Sci Hubei Key Lab Power Syst Design & Test Elect Vehi 296 Longzhong Rd Xiangyang 441053 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Arts & Sci Dept Food Sci & Chem Engn 296 Longzhong Rd Xiangyang 441053 Peoples R China

Rational utilization of biomass waste in creating new clean energy such as lithium-ion batteries is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and boosting environmental protection. Herein, using peanut shells as the carbon source, a MnO/c composite material was successfully prepared through an eco-environmental and facile approach based on hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis. The resultant MnO/c composite material demonstrated a hierarchical porous structure and MnO particles with irregular morphology were embedded in the pores. When used in a lithium-ion battery, the material exhibited much better lithium storage properties than those for pristine MnO and peanut shell-derived carbon. In 0.0-3.0 V, the composite material can supply an initial specific capacity of 1169.5 mA h g(-1), with a capacity retention ratio of 84.9 % after 200 electrochemical cycles. Even at 2400 mA g(-1), the material can still offer a discharge capacity of 532.3 mA h g(-1), manifesting an outstanding rate performance. The enhanced lithium storage properties of the composite material are attributed to the support of the porous carbon matrix derived from peanut shells, which are not only conducive to improving conductivity but also capable of buffering the volume expansion/shrinkage caused by lithiation/delithiation during charge/discharge processes.

关键词： peanut shells biomass MnO c anodes lithium storage

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chloroplast genomes and nuclear sequences reveal the interspecific relationships of crataegus bretschneideri c. K. Schneid. and related species in china

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TREE GENETIcS & GENOMES 2022年第3期18卷 24-24页

作者： Zhang, Xiao Sun, Xinyu Li, Tong Wang, Jian Xue, Miliao Sun, chao Dong, Wenxuan Shenyang Agr Univ Coll Hort Shenyang 110866 Liaoning Peoples R China Tonghua Hort Inst Tonghua 134001 Jilin Peoples R China

crataegus bretschneideri c. K. Schneid. is one of the species cultivated in china. Due to its unclear taxonomic classification status, the conservation and utilization of this germplasm resource have been limited. In this study, we analyzed the chloroplast genomes and nuclear sequences to reveal the taxonomic relationships among c. bretschneideri and related species. We assembled the chloroplast genomes of c. bretschneider and related species and varieties, including c. maximowiczii c. K. Schneid., c. maximowiczii var. ninganensis S. Q. Nie & B. J. Jen., c. pinnatifida Bunge, and c. pinnatifida var. major N. E. Br. The lengths of the chloroplast genomes ranged from 159,644 bp (c. bretschneideri) to 159,947 bp (c. pinnatifida var. major). The five crataegus chloroplast genomes had similar features and possessed 86 to 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes which were arranged in the same order. Eight mutation hotspot regions, including matk, psaB, accD, petA, clpP, trnD-GUc, psbH-petB, and trnN-GUU-trnR-AcG could be used as potential molecular markers for further studies of crataegus genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analyses based on 17 chloroplast genomes of crataegus and Amelanchier indicated that c. bretschneideri was related to c. maximowiczii and c. maximowiczii var. ninganensis. However, the phylogenetic trees constructed by nuclear sequences of 36 crataegus accessions reflected a closer relationship between c. bretschneideri and c. pinnatifida. Furthermore, divergence time estimation suggested that c. bretschneideri and c. maximowiczii diverged in the late Miocene and that speciation of c. pinnatifida occurred during the middle to late Miocene. These findings revealed that c. bretschneideri is an independent species and may be of hybrid origin.

关键词： crataegus c bretschneideri chloroplast genome comparative genomics Interspecific relationships

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Multimodal Stimulation in a Microfluidic Device Facilitates Studies of Interneurons in Sensory Integration in c. elegans

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SMALL 2020年第10期16卷 1905852-1905852页

作者： cho, Yongmin Lee, Sol Ah chew, Yee Lian Broderick, Kirby Schafer, William R. Lu, Hang Georgia Inst Technol Sch Chem & Biomol Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Med Res Council Lab Mol Biol Div Neurobiol Cambridge CB2 0QH England Harvard Med Sch Dept Syst Biol Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Wollongong Mol Horizons Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Univ Wollongong Sch Chem & Mol Biosci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Illawarra Hlth & Med Res Inst Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Animals' perception and behavior involve integration of multiple sensory modalities. caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for studying multimodal sensory integration, as it has well-characterized neuronal circuits in a relatively simple nervous system. However, most studies based on functional imaging have only been conducted on single modal stimuli, because well-controlled multimodal experiments for c. elegans are technically difficult. For instance, no single systems currently deliver precise stimuli with spatial, temporal, and intensity control, despite prior hypotheses that interneurons do integrate these sensory inputs to control behavior. Here, a microfluidic platform that can easily deliver spatially and temporally controlled combination stimuli to c. elegans is presented. With this platform, both sensory and interneuron activity is measured in response to mechanical and chemical stimulations in a quantitative and high-throughput manner. It is found that the activity of command interneuron PVc can be modulated by prior stimulation both within the same and across different modalities. The roles of monoaminergic and peptidergic signaling are further examined on the process of multimodal integration through PVc activity. The approach exemplified here is envisioned to be broadly applicable in different contexts to elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify genes affecting multisensory integration.

关键词： c elegans microfluidics multisensory integration PVc interneurons

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Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by c/N ratio

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020年第9期192卷 563-563页

作者： Ekinci, Kamil Tosun, Ismail Kumbul, Barbaros Salih Sevik, Fevzi Suluk, Kemal Bitrak, Necati Berk Isparta Univ Appl Sci Fac Agr Dept Agr Machinery & Technol Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Suleyman Demirel Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Bingol Univ Pilot Univ Cent Coordinat Unit TR-12100 Bingol Turkey Mus Alparslan Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-49250 Mus Turkey

As the composting industry develops rapidly in the world, the compost producers have focused on the efficiency of energy utilization in production without restricting the quality of compost in the forced ventilation systems. Therefore, this experimental study quantified the impacts of initial c/N ratio on aeration requirement and energy consumption due to aeration for reactor composting of rose pomace through kinetics of the process using fifteen 100-l composting reactors. The results of the study showed that initial c/N ratio significantly affected decomposition rate, compost maturity, and dry matter losses and organic matter losses (P < 0.05). The maximum decomposition rate (0.072 day(-1)) and the highest degree of progression of the composting process existed at the mixture with initial c/N ratio of 24.26. The results underlined the importance of the initial c/N of composting of rose pomace in terms of energy consumption due to aeration. In particular, more mature compost within a short time can be obtained when composting was operated with a c/N ratio of 23.7-25.8 in the expense of requiring more airflow rate, fan power, and energy consumption by aeration fan per composting material.

关键词： composting Rose pomace Aeration Energy requirement Decomposition c N ratio

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cannabidiol protects against Alzheimer's disease in c. elegans via ROS scavenging activity of its phenolic hydroxyl groups

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMAcOLOGY 2022年第0期919卷 174829-174829页

作者： Zhang, Yue Li, Hongyuan Jin, Sha Lu, Yuyuan Peng, Yinghua Zhao, Lihui Wang, Xiaohui Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Coll Life Sci & Technol Changchun 130012 Jilin Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Changchun Inst Appl Chem Lab Chem Biol Changchun 130022 Jilin Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Changchun Inst Appl Chem State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem Changchun 130022 Jilin Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Special Anim & Plant Sci State Key Lab Mol Biol Special Econ Anim Changchun 130112 Jilin Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Appl Chem & Engn Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Recent discoveries have implicated the potential of cannabidiol (cBD) in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how cBD affects such neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Herein, caenorhabditis elegans (c. elegans) was used as the model organism to elucidate the mechanism by which cBD ameliorates AD in vivo. cBD was found to alleviate the progression of A/3-induced AD but not tau protein-induced AD or alpha-syn-induced Parkinson's disease. cBD inhibited the aggregation of A/3 in c. elegans. However, cBD failed to prevent the formation of /3-sheet aggregation in vitro. Moreover, cBD was found to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo without inducing the overexpression of antioxidative genes. In addition, cBD treatment enhanced the worm resistance to oxidative stress, which was independent of the classical transcription factors DAF-16 and SKN-1. These results supported that the in vivo antioxidative activity of cBD was most likely due to its intrinsic antioxidative property. Furthermore, the phenolic hydroxyl groups of cBD were found to be critical for scavenging ROS in vitro and in vivo, alleviating the aggregation of A/3 in vivo, and ameliorating A/3-associated neurotoxicity. These studies show that cBD protects against AD in c. elegans via the ROS scavenging activity of its phenolic hydroxyl groups, which provides insight for further structure-activity relationship studies of cBD as an AD therapeutic.

关键词： cannabidiol Reactive oxygen species c elegans Alzheimer's disease

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A Dual Protection System for Heterostructured 3D cNT/coSe2/c as High Areal capacity Anode for Sodium Storage

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ADVANcED ScIENcE 2020年第5期7卷 1902907页

作者： Yousaf, Muhammad chen, Yijun Tabassum, Hassina Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Yunsong Abid, Adeel Y. Mahmood, Asif Mahmood, Nasir Guo, Shaojun Han, Ray P. S. Gao, Peng Peking Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Phys Int Ctr Quantum Mat Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Electron Microscopy Lab Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Chem & Biomol Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia RMIT Univ Sch Engn 124 La Trobe St Melbourne Vic 3001 Australia

3D electrode design is normally opted for multiple advantages, however, instability/detachment of active material causes the pulverization and degradation of the structure, and ultimately poor cyclic stability. Here, a dually protected, highly compressible, and freestanding anode is presented for sodium-ion batteries, where 3D carbon nanotube (cNT) sponge is decorated with homogeneously dispersed coSe2 nanoparticles (NPs) which are protected under carbon overcoat (cNT/coSe2/c). The 3D cNT sponge delivers enough space for high mass loading while providing high mechanical strength and faster conduction pathway among the NPs. The outer amorphous carbon overcoat controls the formation of solid electrolyte interphase film by avoiding direct contact of coSe2 with electrolyte, accommodates large volume changes, and ultimately enhances the overall conductivity of cell and assists in transmitting electron to an external circuit. Moreover, the hybrid can be densified up to 11-fold without affecting its microstructure that results in ultrahigh areal mass loading of 17.4 mg cm(-2) and an areal capacity of 7.03 mAh cm(-2) along with a high gravimetric capacity of 531 mAh g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1). Thus, compact and smart devices can be realized by this new electrode design for heavy-duty commercial applications.

关键词： 3D electrodes cNT coSe2 c dual conductive network high areal capacity sodium-ion batteries

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Octagonal Flower-like cuO/c/NF Nanocomposite as a Self-Supporting Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

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cHEMELEcTROcHEM 2020年第19期7卷 4038-4046页

作者： Zhang, Ruili Li, Xuehong Ni, Liping Xie, Anjian Li, Panpan Shen, Yuhua Lao, Li Anhui Univ Coll Chem & Engn Lab Clean Energy & Green Catalysis Hefei 230601 Peoples R China Sino EV Hefei Powertrain Technol Co Ltd Hefei 230601 Peoples R China

At present, the high theoretical specific capacity cuO-based anodes are considered as a potential host for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the intrinsic poor conductivity of metal oxide and the huge volume expansion during the cycling caused serve capacity fading and unsatisfactory cycling stability. Here, a porous free-standing octagonal flower-like copper oxide (cuO)/carbon(c)/nickel foam (NF) multilevel structure is synthesized. The design of carbon-coated ensures excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability and conductivity of nanocomposite, which effectively prevent the collapse and corrosion of the active material during cycle. In addition, 3D interconnected structure shortened the transmission distance of electrons and Li+, improving the ability of fast charge and discharge. The cuO/c/NF electrode exhibits high performance in cycling as the anode material for LIBs. The initial charge/discharge specific capacity of the octagonal flower-like cuO/c/NF electrode is 871.1 mA h g(-1)and 916.06 mA h g(-1)at 0.5 A g(-1), respectively. It achieves an outstanding discharge specific capacity of 505 mA h g(-1)at 2 A g(-1)after 800 cycles. This work combines cuO with a conductive matrix (carbon) and a 3D porous NF, effectively enhancing the electrochemical properties of cuO, which is of certain significance to the further research.

关键词： cuO c NF free-standing anode electrochemical performance cyclic stability lithium-ion batteries

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High Energy and High Power Lithium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Prolonged cycle Life Based on High-Rate capability Materials: Li4Ti5O12, Activated carbon, Li3V1.95Ni0.05(PO4)3/c

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cHEMELEcTROcHEM 2020年第7期7卷 1631-1643页

作者： Secchiaroli, Marco calcaterra, Silvia Marassi, Roberto Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, Margret Dsoke, Sonia Univ Camerino Div Chem Sch Sci & Technol Via S Agostino 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy Zentrum Sonnenenergie & Wasserstoff Forsch Baden Accumulator Mat Res ECM ZSW Lab Batterietechnol eLaB Lise Meitner Str 24 D-89081 Ulm Germany KIT IAM Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1 D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen Germany

Two lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (LiHSs) based on high power active materials like Li3V1.95Ni0.05(PO4)(3)/c (LVNP/c), Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and activated carbon (Ac) are investigated as high energy and high power devices. Both LiHSs are assembled by using a bi-material negative LTO:Ac electrode (50 : 50), able to deliver 38.3 mAh g(-1) at 35 A g(-1) (200 c for LTO), and to retain 80 % of the initial capacity over 10000 cycles at 17.5 A g(-1). Two positive electrodes are employed in complete devices: a battery-type LVNP/c and a bi-material LVNP/c:Ac (65 : 35) based electrodes, for two LiHSs named Hybrid A and Hybrid B, respectively. The energies of the LiHSs are evaluated from 0.05 to 10 A g(-1), and at different cell voltages (2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 V). The best performance is obtained with Hybrid A cycled between 0-2.7 V, that with 36.3 Wh L-1 at 4.3 kW L-1, possesses an energy density five time higher than that of the Ac||Ac (6.8 Wh L-1). Despite both LiHSs charged up to 2.8 V possess superior energy values, at this cell voltage Hybrid A and Hybrid B retain only 11 % and 8 % of the initial capacity cycled over 8000 cycles at 10 A g(-1), respect to the 75 % and 81 % of the same systems cycled up to 2.7 V.

关键词： lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitors Li(3)V1 95Ni0 05(PO4)(3) c Li4Ti5O12 activated carbon high energy density LiHSs

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