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39th AcM/IEEE International conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Hong, Jaemin Ryu, Sukyoung Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798400712487

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712487

Automatic c-to-Rust translation is a promising way to enhance the reliability of legacy system software. However, c2Rust, an industrially developed translator, generates Rust code with unsafe features, undermining the translation's objective. While researchers have proposed techniques to remove unsafe features in c2Rust-generated code, these efforts have targeted only a limited subset of unsafe features. One important unsafe feature remaining unaddressed is a union, a type consisting of multiple fields sharing the same memory storage. Programmers often place a union with a tag in a struct to record the last-written field, but they can still access wrong fields. In contrast, Rust's tagged unions combine tags and unions at the language level, ensuring correct value access. In this work, we propose techniques to replace unions with tagged unions during c-to-Rust translation. We develop a static analysis that facilitates such replacement by identifying tag fields and the corresponding tag values. The analysis involves a must-points-to analysis computing struct field values and a heuristic interpreting these results. To enhance efficiency, we adopt intraprocedural function-wise analysis, allowing selective analysis of functions. Our evaluation on 36 real-world c programs shows that the proposed approach is (1) precise, identifying 74 tag fields with no false positives and only five false negatives, (2) mostly correct, with 17 out of 23 programs passing tests post-transformation, and (3) efficient, capable of analyzing and transforming 141k LOc in 4,910 seconds.

关键词： Rust c Automatic Translation Union Tagged Union

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Examination of survival, physiological parameters and immune response in relation to the thermo-resistant heterosis of hybrid oysters derived from crassostrea gigas and c. angulata

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AQUAcULTURE 2022年 559卷

作者： Jiang, Gaowei Zhou, Jianmin cheng, Geng Meng, Lingxin chi, Yong Xu, chengxun Li, Qi Ocean Univ China Key Lab Mariculture Minist Educ Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Lab Marine Fisheries Sci & Food Prod Proc Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

High temperature is an important environmental stressor leading to summer mass mortality of oysters. Significant survival heterosis in summer were observed in hybrids between two phylogenetically closely-related oysters, crassostrea gigas and c. angulata, but an explicit understanding of heterosis has been lacking. Here, we investigated the survival performance, oxygen consumption rate (OR) and enzyme activity (i.e., SOD, cAT and MDA) in c. gigas (GG), c. angulata (AA) and their hybrids c. gigas female x c. angulata male (GA) and c. angulata female x c. gigas male (AG) under acute heat stress containing five levels: 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 degrees c. compared with parental strains, the hybrid strains exhibited higher cumulative survival rate at all temperatures, indicating heterosis for thermal tolerance. cox regression analysis showed that hybrid strains challenged with heat shock exhibited lower hazard ratio and longer expected lifetime. Moreover, OR in hybrid strains were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in parental strains under 34 and 38 degrees c. Arrhenius break-point temperature (ABT) and temperature coefficient (Q10) revealed that hybrids had broader temperature range of aerobic metabolism and lower sensitivity to rising temperature. In addition, the activities of SOD and cAT of hybrid strains were significantly higher than the parental strains at 34 and 38 degrees c-level treatment after 6 h and at 34 degrees c-level treatment after 3 h, whereas the MDA content were reduced, indicating their stronger antioxidant capacity. Accordingly, the enhanced aerobic capacity and antioxidant ability of hybrids under high temperature may contribute to the improvement of thermal tolerance. Our findings can facilitate our understanding of the physiological and immune mechanisms underlying thermo-resistant heterosis and facilitate the breeding of thermo-resistant oyster varieties.

关键词： crassostrea gigas c angulata Heterosis in heat-resistance Oxygen consumption Enzymatic activities

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ZIF-8-derived ZnO/c decorated hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new composite electrode for supercapacitor application

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cOLLOID AND INTERFAcE ScIENcE cOMMUNIcATIONS 2022年 47卷

作者： Otun, Kabir O. Xaba, Morena S. Zong, Shuang Liu, Xinying Hildebrandt, Diane El-Bahy, Salah M. Alotaibi, Mohammed T. El-Bahy, Zeinhom M. Univ South Africa Coll Sci Engn & Technol Inst Dev Energy African Sustainabil Private Bag X6 Florida South Africa Kwara State Univ Dept Chem & Ind Chem PMB 1530 Ilorin Nigeria Hebei Univ Sci & Technol Int Joint Lab New Energy Shijiazhuang 050018 Hebei Peoples R China Univ Witwatersrand African Energy Leadership Ctr Wits Business Sch ZA-2193 Johannesburg South Africa Univ Witwatersrand Sch Chem Mol Sci Inst ZA-2050 Johannesburg South Africa Taif Univ Turabah Univ Coll Dept Chem POB 11099 At Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Al Azhar Univ Fac Sci Dept Chem Cairo 111884 Egypt

Due to the poor conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), it is challenging to directly employ MOFs as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWcNT) was used to decorate ZnO/c obtained from the prior calcination of pristine zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and applied as electrode material for supercapacitor application. The resulting ZnO/c@f-MWcNT electrode exhibits excellent storage performance, as confirmed by the specific capacitance of 650 F/g at 1 A/g and a superior energy/power density compared to the single electrode. Additionally, the composite electrode displayed remarkable cycling stability of 70% after 5000 cycles and retained 75% of its initial capacitance at 10 A/g, demonstrating good rate cyclability. The exceptional performance of ZnO/c@f-MWcNT was attributed to the synergistic effects offered by f-MWcNT which improved its electrical conductivity and ZnO/c that provided sufficient redox-active sites and structural stability. This work may promote the design of advanced MOF-based nanocomposites for energy storage application.

关键词： carbon nanotube Energy storage Metal-organic frameworks ZnO c Nanocomposite

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How ISO c became unusable for operating systems development 11

How ISO C became unusable for operating systems development

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11th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems

作者： Yodaiken, Victor E27182 Austin TX 78725 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450387071

The c programming language was developed in the 1970s as a fairly unconventional systems and operating systems development tool, but has, through the course of the ISO Standards process, added many attributes of more conventional programming languages and become less suitable for operating systems development. Operating system programming continues to be done in non-ISO dialects of c. The differences provide a glimpse of operating system requirements for programming languages.

关键词： operating systems programming languages c UNIX ISO-c compiler

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Insights into the c-H activation mechanism in the Rh(I)-catalyzed alkenylation of ketone with alkyne

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cOMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETIcAL cHEMISTRY 2022年 1212卷

作者： Tian, Ying-Ying Hu, Xiao-Xiao Liu, Sheng-Nan Liu, Jian-Biao chen, De-Zhan Shandong Normal Univ Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci Jinan 250014 Peoples R China

The mechanisms of the Rh(I)-catalyzed alkenylation reaction were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results show that the c-H activation of this reaction occurs through the metal hydride pathway rather than the general concerted metalation deprotonation (cMD) mechanism. The favorable metal -hydride pathway involves c-H oxidative addition, alkyne migratory insertion into Rh-H and c-c reductive elimination. Moreover, the consecutive migratory insertion into the Rh-H and c-c reductive elimination is kinetically more favorable than the alkyne migratory insertion into Rh-c and c-H reductive elimination. The cMD pathway is kinetically unfavorable due to the considerably higher barrier of several elementary steps. The improved mechanistic understanding will enable design of novel couplings between hydrocarbons and c-H bonds.

关键词： c H activation Reaction mechanism Alkenylation Density functional theory

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A perspective on c. elegans neurodevelopment: from early visionaries to a booming neuroscience research

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JOURNAL OF NEUROGENETIcS 2020年第3-4期34卷 259-272页

作者： Rapti, Georgia European Mol Biol Lab Unit Dev Biol Heidelberg Germany

The formation of the nervous system and its striking complexity is a remarkable feat of development. c. elegans served as a unique model to dissect the molecular events in neurodevelopment, from its early visionaries to the current booming neuroscience community. Soon after being introduced as a model, c. elegans was mapped at the level of genes, cells, and synapses, providing the first metazoan with a complete cell lineage, sequenced genome, and connectome. Here, I summarize mechanisms underlying c. elegans neurodevelopment, from the generation and diversification of neural components to their navigation and connectivity. I point out recent noteworthy findings in the fields of glia biology, sex dimorphism and plasticity in neurodevelopment, highlighting how current research connects back to the pioneering studies by Brenner, Sulston and colleagues. Multifaceted investigations in model organisms, connecting genes to cell function and behavior, expand our mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopment while allowing us to formulate emerging questions for future discoveries.

关键词： Neurodevelopment c elegans glia neurons pathfinding synapses plasticity dimorphism

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Thrombosis and hemorrhage experienced by hospitalized children with SARS-coV-2 infection or MIS-c: Results of the PIcNIc registry

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PEDIATRIc BLOOD & cANcER 2022年第9期69卷 e29793-e29793页

作者： Tehseen, Sarah Williams, Suzan Robinson, Joan Morris, Shaun K. Bitnu, Ari Gill, Peter El Tal, Tala Yeh, Ann Yea, carmen Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando Brenes-chacon, Helena Yock-corrales, Adriana Ivankovich-Escoto, Gabriela Soriano-Fallas, Alejandra Papenburg, Jesse Lefebvre, Marie-Astrid Scuccimarri, Rosie Nateghian, Alireza Aski, Behzad Haghighi Dwilow, Rachel Bullard, Jared cooke, Suzette Restivo, Lea Lopez, Alison Sadarangani, Manish Roberts, Ashley Forbes, Michelle Le Saux, Nicole Bowes, Jennifer Purewal, Rupeena Lautermilch, Janell Bayliss, Ann Wong, Jacqueline K. Leifso, Kirk Foo, cheryl Panetta, Luc Kakkar, Fatima Piche, Dominique Viel-Theriault, Isabelle Merckx, Joanna Lieberman, Lani Univ Saskatchewan Dept Lab Med & Pediat SHA Saskatoon SK Canada Hosp Sick Children Div Hematol Oncol Toronto ON Canada Univ Alberta Dept Pediat Edmonton AB Canada Univ Toronto Dept Pediat Div Infect Dis Toronto ON Canada Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera Caja Costarricense Seguro Social CCSS Dept Pediat San Jose Costa Rica McGill Univ Dept Pediat Montreal PQ Canada Iran Univ Med Sci Dept Pediat Tehran Iran Univ Manitoba Dept Pediat Winnipeg MB Canada Univ Calgary Dept Pediat Calgary AB Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Pediat Vancouver BC Canada BC Childrens Hosp Res Inst Vaccine Evaluat Ctr Vancouver BC Canada Western Univ Dept Pediat London ON Canada Univ Ottawa Dept Pediat Ottawa ON Canada Univ Saskatchewan Dept Pediat Saskatoon SK Canada Trillium Hlth Partners Dept Pediat Mississauga ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Pediat Hamilton ON Canada Queens Univ Dept Pediat Kingston ON Canada Mem Univ Dept Pediat St John NF Canada Univ Montreal Dept Pediat Montreal PQ Canada Dalhousie Univ Dept Pediat Halifax NS Canada Univ Laval Dept Pediat Quebec City PQ Canada McGill Univ Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth Montreal PQ Canada Univ Hlth Network Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol Toronto ON Canada

Introduction coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with SARS-coV-2 infection are well defined in hospitalized adults and leads to adverse outcomes. Pediatric studies are limited. Methods An international multicentered (n = 15) retrospective registry collected information on the clinical manifestations of SARS-coV-2 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-c) in hospitalized children from February 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021. This sub-study focused on coagulopathy. Study variables included patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, hospital course, laboratory parameters, management, and outcomes. Results Nine hundred eighty-five children were enrolled, of which 915 (93%) had clinical information available;385 (42%) had symptomatic SARS-coV-2 infection, 288 had MIS-c (31.4%), and 242 (26.4%) had SARS-coV-2 identified incidentally. Ten children (1%) experienced thrombosis, 16 (1.7%) experienced hemorrhage, and two (0.2%) experienced both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Significantly prevalent prothrombotic comorbidities included congenital heart disease (p-value .007), respiratory support (p-value .006), central venous catheter (cVc) (p = .04) in children with primary SARS-coV-2 and in those with MIS-c included respiratory support (p-value .03), obesity (p-value .002), and cytokine storm (p = .012). comorbidities prevalent in children with hemorrhage included age >10 years (p = .04), cVc (p = .03) in children with primary SARS-coV-2 infection and in those with MIS-c encompassed thrombocytopenia (p = .001) and cytokine storm (p = .02). Eleven patients died (1.2%), with no deaths attributed to thrombosis or hemorrhage. conclusion Thrombosis and hemorrhage are uncommon events in children with SARS-coV-2;largely experienced by those with pre-existing comorbidities. Understanding the complete spectrum of coagulopathy in children with SARS-coV-2 infection requires ongoing research.

关键词： cOVID-19 hemorrhage MIS-c pediatric SARS-coV-2 thrombosis c

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changes in phosphorus pools in the detritusphere induced by removal of P or switch of residues with low and high c/P ratio

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BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS 2020年第1期56卷 1-10页

作者： Erinle, Kehinde O. Doolette, Ashlea Marschner, Petra Univ Adelaide Sch Agr Food & Wine Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

The effect of the addition of crop residues to soil has been extensively studied;however, little is known about their effect on P pools in the detritusphere and how these pools change if the residue is replaced by another residue with similar or different P concentration. An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of a change of residue types on P pools in the detritusphere. Detritusphere soil was generated by placing 20 g kg(-1) of either mature barley straw (H;high c/P 255) or young faba bean residue (L;low c/P 38) between two fine nylon meshes which were then sandwiched between two PVc caps filled with loamy sand maintained at 50% water holding capacity throughout the experiment. Then, the open ends of the caps were pressed together and held in place with rubber bands. After 2 weeks of moist incubation, the residues were replaced with either a H or L, resulting in four residue treatments: high-high (HH), high-low (HL), low-low (LL), or low-high (LH) which were incubated another 14 days. A control without residues between the caps was unamended throughout. The following P pools were measured in soil at 0-1 mm from the surface 14 days after the first (day 14) and second (day 28) residue addition: readily available P (cacl2 and anion exchange P);P bound to soil particles (citrate and Hcl-P);and microbial biomass P (MBP). On day 14, P pools and available N were higher, but MBP and microbial biomass N (MBN) were lower in L than in H. On day 28, P pools and available N followed the order LL > HL > LH > HH, whereas MBN and MBP were highest in HL. In a second experiment, the effect of crop residue removal and replacement with anion exchange membrane (AEM) on P pools in the detritusphere was assessed. Detritusphere soil was generated using faba bean residue as described above. The control had no residues between the caps. After 2-week moist incubation, the residues and the meshes were removed and either replaced with three AEM strips (approximately 6 x 2 cm ea

关键词： c nutrient ratio Detritusphere Nutrient availability Residues

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Foundations for a Rust-Like Borrow checker for c 25

Foundations for a Rust-Like Borrow Checker for C

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25th AcM SIGPLAN/SIGBED International conference on Languages, compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LcTES)

作者： Silva, Tiago Bispo, Joao carvalho, Tiago Univ Porto Porto Portugal INESC TEC Porto Portugal Polytech Inst Porto Sch Engn Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706165

Memory safety issues in c are the origin of various vulnerabilities that can compromise a program's correctness or safety from attacks. We propose a different approach to tackle memory safety, the replication of Rust's Mid-level Intermediate Representation (MIR) Borrow checker, through the usage of static analysis and successive source-to-source code transformations, to be composed upstream of the compiler, thus ensuring maximal compatibility with most build systems. This allows us to approximate a subset of c to Rust's core concepts, applying the memory safety guarantees of the rustc compiler to c. In this work, we present a survey of Rust's efforts towards ensuring memory safety, and describe the theoretical basis for a c borrow checker, alongside a proof-of-concept that was developed to demonstrate its potential. This prototype correctly identified violations of the ownership and aliasing rules, and accurately reported each error with a level of detail comparable to that of the rustc compiler.

关键词： c Rust Source-to-Source Memory Safety Static analysis Borrow checker Lifetimes Ownership Transpiler code transformations

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Preparation of Graphene/Si/c composite nanolayer electrodes by magnetron sputtering and study on lithium storage properties

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cHEMIcAL PHYSIcS IMPAcT 2023年 6卷

作者： Zhao, Shuwen Zhao, Yifan Liu, Bioabiao chen, Ji Dai, Ruijie Zhou, Yao Zhang, Hua chen, Anran Yunnan Univ Sch Mat & Energy Kunming 650091 Peoples R China Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Edinburgh EH8 9YL Scotland

A Si layer with a thickness of 100 nm and a 50 nm c layer were sputtered on copper-based graphene by magnetron sputtering to form a Graphene/Si/c composite nanolayer electrode. The lithium storage performance was studied by the constant current charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry test, cycle performance test, and Ac impedance test. The results show that the reversible capacity of the Graphene/Si/c thin film electrode has a serious decay in the early cycle, with an average decay of 1.79 mAh/g per cycle within 200 cycles;the decay is relatively gentle in the latter stage, with an average decay of 0.723 mAh/g per cycle after 1000 cycles. By comparing the SEM and EDS before and after cycling, it was found that the film was broken after cycling, resulting in the loss of active substances.

关键词： Graphene Si c composite nanolayer electrodes Magnetron sputtering

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