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chronic Rifaximin Use in cirrhotic Patients Is Associated with Decreased Rate of c. difficile Infection

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND ScIENcES 2020年第2期65卷 632-638页

作者： Feuerstadt, Paul Hong, Simon J. Brandt, Lawrence J. Gastroenterol Ctr Connecticut 2200 Whitney AveSuite 360 Hamden CT 06518 USA Yale Univ Sch Med Div Digest Dis New Haven CT 06520 USA Montefiore Med Ctr Albert Einstein Coll Med Div Gastroenterol 111 East 210th St Bronx NY 10467 USA

Background and Aim Rifaximin is an antimicrobial which is used for prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and has known anti-clostridioides difficile activity. The aim of this study is to assess whether the rate of c. difficile infection (cDI) is decreased in patients with cirrhosis on chronic rifaximin compared with those who are not. Methods We retrospectively identified consecutive patients admitted to Montefiore Medical center from 2010 to 2014 with cirrhosis and diarrhea who were tested for cDI. Demographics, comorbidities, medication exposure, baseline laboratory data, and outcomes were recorded. Patients with cirrhosis and diarrhea on chronic rifaximin were compared with those not on rifaximin. The chronic rifaximin group was then isolated, and those with and without cDI were compared. Results Of 701 patients with cirrhosis and diarrhea, 149 were on chronic rifaximin and 552 were not. 12.8% of patients on chronic rifaximin had cDI compared with 29.7% of those not on rifaximin (P < 0.001). Patients on rifaximin had higher MELD (19.7 vs. 15.5, P < 0.001), 30-day mortality (26.2% vs. 16.1%, P < 0.01), and IcU requirement compared with those not on rifaximin. conclusion Patients with cirrhosis who are on chronic rifaximin have decreased rates of cDI compared with those not on this therapy. Despite its risk for promoting resistance, chronic rifaximin use may have a beneficial effect in preventing cDI in patients with cirrhosis.

关键词： cirrhosis c difficile Rifaximin Infection

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Leloir glycosyltransferases of natural product c-glycosylation: structure, mechanism and specificity

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BIOcHEMIcAL SOcIETY TRANSAcTIONS 2020年第4期48卷 1583-1598页

作者： Tegl, Gregor Nidetzky, Bernd Graz Univ Technol Inst Biotechnol & Biochem Engn NAWI Graz A-8010 Graz Austria Austrian Ctr Ind Biotechnol Acib A-8010 Graz Austria

A prominent attribute of chemical structure in microbial and plant natural products is aromatic c-glycosylation. In plants, various flavonoid natural products have a beta-c-D-glucosyl moiety attached to their core structure. Natural product c-glycosides have attracted significant attention for their own unique bioactivity as well as for representing non-hydrolysable analogs of the canonical O-glycosides. The biosynthesis of natural product c-g lycosides is accomplished by sugar nucleotide-dependent (Leloir) glycosyltransferases. Here, we provide an overview on the c-glycosyltransferases of microbial, plant and insect origin that have been biochemically characterized. Despite sharing basic evolutionary relationships, as evidenced by their common membership to glycosyltransferase family GT-1 and conserved GT-B structural fold, the known c-glycosyltransferases are diverse in the structural features that govern their reactivity, selectivity and specifici Bifunctional glycosyltransferases can form c- and O-glycosides dependent on the structure of the aglycon acceptor. Recent crystal structures of plant c-glycosyltransferases and di-c-glycosyltransferases complement earlier structural studies of bacterial enzymes and provide important molecular insight into the enzymatic discrimination between c-and O-glycosylation. Studies of enzyme structure and mechanism converge on the view of a single displacement (S(N)2)-like mechanism of enzymatic c-glycosyl transfer, largely analogous to O-glycosyl transfer. The distinction between reactions at the O- or c-acceptor atom is achieved through the precise positioning of the acceptor relative to the donor substrate in the binding pocket. Nonetheless, c-glycosyltransferases may differ in the catalytic strategy applied to induce nucleophilic reactivity at the acceptor carbon. Evidence from the mutagenesis of c-glycosyltransferases may become useful in engineering these enzymes for tailored reactivity.

关键词： biocatalysis c -glycosylation enzymatic glycosylation enzyme mechanism Leloir glycosyltransferase natural products

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Recurrent and metastatic extragastrointestinal stromal tumors of the mesentery with c-KIT and PDGFRA mutations: a case report

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cANcER BIOLOGY & THERAPY 2020年第2期21卷 101-107页

作者： Yayu, Huang changmao, Zhang Yijun, Dai Na, Lin Tianwen, Xu Yangbin, Dai Fujian Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Med Oncol Quanzhou 362000 Fujian Peoples R China Fujian Med Univ Sch Clin Med Fuzhou Fujian Peoples R China Fujian Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Pathol Quanzhou Fujian Peoples R China

EGISTs originating outside the gastrointestinal tract share some similarities with the GISTs regarding their immunohistochemical features including the positive expression of cD117 and cD34. The majority of EGISTs carry activating mutations of the c-KIT or PDGFRA genes. However, there is no precedent in the literature where the two mutations occur in one case of EGISTs to date. We describe herein, a 52-year-old female who presented as mesenteric and pelvic regions masses showing positive immunoreactivity for cD117, DOG-1, cD34. Mutation analysis identified two mutations that located in the exon 13 of c-KIT and in the exon 18 of PDGFRA. The patient was treated sequentially with imatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, and regorafenib. However, the prognosis was undesirable. Previous research has shown that expression of members of Bcl-2 family may be helpful in predicting prognosis, the survival time, and the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. IHc was performed to detect the expression of BcL-2 family. The results show that high BcL-2 expression and low BAX expression in both specimens. In conclusion, our case may suggest that the presence of both c-KIT and PDGFRA mutations in EGISTs patients may indicate a very poor prognosis;and the expression level of BcL-2 and BAX could predict clinical outcome.

关键词： EGIST c KIT PDGFRA cD117 cD34 DOG-1 BcL-2 BAX

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Effects of bioflocs with different c/N ratios on growth, immunological parameters, antioxidants and culture water quality in Opsariichthys kaopingensis Dybowski

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AQUAcULTURE RESEARcH 2020年第2期51卷 805-815页

作者： Yu, Zhe Li, Liang Zhu, Rui Li, Min Wu, Li-Fang Jilin Agr Univ Coll Life Sci Changchun Jilin Peoples R China Jilin Agr Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Anim Prod Prod Qual & Secur Changchun Jilin Peoples R China Jilin Agr Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Changchun 130118 Jilin Peoples R China

Biofloc technology (BFT) is a new ecological aquaculture technology that is intended not only to eradicate pollutants and elevate feed utilization but also to enhance immunity and antioxidant activity in aquatic animals. A 28-day feeding trial was implemented to evaluate the effects of promoted bioflocs on the water quality, growth performance, immunological parameters and antioxidant status of Opsariichthys kaopingensis Dybowski juveniles in low exchange culture tanks. Three hundred sixty healthy O. kaopingensis juveniles (7.1 +/- 0.02 g) were irregularly distributed among 12 tanks. Four c:N ratios in triplicate tanks were tried: c/N = 10.8:1 with a commercial diet (control), c/N = 15:1, c/N = 20:1 and c/N = 25:1. Anhydrous glucose (99.97%) was added to the commercial diet to maintain elevated carbon ratio in the three treatments. Uninterrupted 24-hr aeration was supplied during the test by using an air-stone connected to an air pump to develop the bioflocs in the water column. The results indicated that BFT significantly reduced total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO2(-)-N), total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and water transparency (Secchi depth) in c/N 15, c/N 20 and c/N 25 (p < .05), whereas the chemical oxygen demand (cOD) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3(-)-N) concentrations gradually increased over time. In addition, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), survival and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly elevated in c/N 20, while food conversion rate (FcR) was considerably decreased (p < .05) in c/N 20, compared with the control. Significant increases in lysozyme (LSZ), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities of O. kaopingensis were found in the c/N 20 group after a 28-day feeding trial (p < .05). comparing the antioxidant capacity of O. kaopingensis in gills, brains, kidneys, hepatopancreas, intestines and serum of juveniles from the four experimental groups, the acti

关键词： antioxidant status c N growth immune response water quality

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Fluid and ore sources of the tungsten mineralisation in the Yangbishan iron-tungsten deposit, Heilongjiang Province, North-eastern china: constraints from fluid inclusions, sulphide S-Pb isotopes and scheelite c-H-O-Sm-Nd isotopes

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GEOLOGIcAL JOURNAL 2020年第5期55卷 3957-3976页

作者： Hao, Yujie Ren, Yunsheng Yang, Qun Sun, Zhenming Ma, Yupeng Lai, Ke Jilin Univ Coll Earth Sci Changchun 130061 Peoples R China Minist Land & Resources China Key Lab Mineral Resources Evaluat Northeast Asia Changchun Peoples R China

The Yangbishan iron-tungsten deposit, located in the central part of the Jiamusi Massif, Heilongjiang Province, NE china, is the oldest tungsten deposit in NE china to date. Both ore-forming conditions and mineralisation characteristics indicate that tungsten mineralisation belongs to the skarn type. Petrography, microthermometric measurements and laser Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in quartz grains associated with scheelite indicate that the ore-forming fluid of the tungsten mineralisation in Yangbishan deposit belonged to the moderate-temperature Nacl-H2O-cH4 +/- N-2 system. Fluid inclusion analyses indicate that ore-forming fluid experienced decreasing temperatures and fluid degassing, inducing scheelite precipitation. Analysis of c, H and O isotopes of fluid inclusions within scheelite grains show delta c-13 values varying from -20.7 to -24.9 parts per thousand, delta D from -109.9 to -119.9 parts per thousand, delta O-18 from 6.8 to 10.0 parts per thousand and delta O-18(H2O) from 8.7 to 11.9 parts per thousand. These data, together with c, H and O isotope compositions of the quartz associated with scheelite in tungsten ores, imply that ore-forming fluid was derived dominantly from magma but influenced by organic material (reducing carbon) derived from wall rocks. Sm/Nd ratios of scheelite vary from 0.15 to 0.21, epsilon(Nd) (t = 520 Ma) values from -5.64 to -17.95 (average of -10.21) and T-DM2 values from 702 and 2693 Ma (average of 2070 Ma), indicating the ores were sourced from ancient crustal rocks. The compositions of c-H-O-S-Pb and Nd isotopes support the fact that interaction between crust-derived magma and strata rich in organics played an important role in the tungsten mineralisation of the Yangbishan deposit.

关键词： c H O isotopes fluid inclusion scheelite Sm Nd isotopes S Pb isotopes Yangbishan iron tungsten deposit

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(N),c,N-coordinated Heavier Group 13-15 compounds: Synthesis, Structure and Applications

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cHEMPLUScHEM 2020年第10期85卷 2320-2340页

作者： Dostal, Libor Jambor, Roman Aman, Michal Hejda, Martin Univ Pardubice Fac Chem Technol Dept Gen & Inorgan Chem Studentska 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic

The aim of this review is to summarize recent achievements in the field of (N),c,N-coordinated group 13-15 compounds not only regarding their synthesis and structure, but mainly focusing on their potential applications. Relevant compounds contain various types of N-coordinating ligands built up on an ortho-(di)substituted phenyl platform. Thus, group 13 and 14 derivatives were used as single-source precursors for the deposition of semiconducting thin films, as building blocks for the preparation of high-molecular polymers with remarkable optical and chemical properties or as compounds with interesting reactivity in hydrometallation processes. Group 15 derivatives function as catalysts in the Mannich reaction, in the allylation of aldehydes or activation of cO2. They were used as transmetallation reagents in transition metal catalysed coupling reactions. The univalent species serve as ligands for transition metals, activate alkynes or alkenes and are utilized as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of azo-compounds.

关键词： (N) c N chelating ligands homogeneous catalysis intramolecular interactions main-group elements metal-containing polymers

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First report of cryptosporidium viatorum and cryptosporidium occultus in humans in china, and of the unique novel c. viatorum subtype XVaA3h

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BMc INFEcTIOUS DISEASES 2020年第1期20卷 16-16页

作者： Xu, Ning Liu, Hua Jiang, Yanyan Yin, Jianhai Yuan, Zhongying Shen, Yujuan cao, Jianping Minist Hlth Key Lab Parasite & Vector Biol Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Inst Parasit Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Trop Dis Res Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China WHO Collaborating Ctr Trop Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Minist Sci & Technol Natl Ctr Int Res Trop Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China

Background cryptosporidium is a genus of common intestinal protozoa, members of which cause diarrhea in a wide variety of hosts. Previous studies on cryptosporidium in china have mainly focused on diarrhea sufferers, children, and immunodeficient individuals such as HIV/AIDS patients. However, the epidemiological characteristics of cryptosporidium in the population in rural areas remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, cryptosporidium in rural areas of Binyang county, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, china, and genetically characterized the cryptosporidium isolates we obtained. Methods From August to December 2016, two villages in Binyang county, Guangxi, were sampled using a random cluster sampling method. Fresh fecal samples were collected from all eligible residents (residence time > 6 months). Molecular characterization of cryptosporidium was carried out based on its SSU rRNA, gp60, actin and hsp70 gene sequences. Fisher's exact test were conducted to assess the risk factors for cryptosporidium infection. Results A total of 400 fecal samples were collected from 195 males (48.8%) and 205 females (51.2%). Two samples (0.5%) were positive for cryptosporidium and were identified as c. viatorum and c. occultus respectively. Moreover, a new c. viatorum subtype XVaA3h was identified based on the sequence of the gp 60 gene. conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of c. viatorum and c. occultus infections in humans in china and of c. viatorum subtype XVaA3h. The findings provide important information on the prevalence of cryptosporidium in the chinese population, and expand the range of cryptosporidium species known to infect people in china.

关键词： cryptosporidium Subtype c viatorum c occultus Rural area

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miR-34a/c induce caprine endometrial epithelial cell apoptosis by regulating circ-8073/cEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways

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JOURNAL OF cELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2020年第12期235卷 10051-10067页

作者： Liu, Xiaorui Zhang, Lei Yang, Lichun cui, Jiuzeng che, Sicheng Liu, Yuexia Han, Jincheng An, Xiaopeng cao, Binyun Song, Yuxuan Northwest A&F Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol 22 Xinong Rd Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China

microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important for endometrial receptivity establishment and embryo implantation in mammals. miR-34a and miR-34c are highly expressed in caprine receptive endometrium (RE). Herein, the functions and mechanisms of miR-34a/c in caprine endometrial epithelial cell (cEEc) apoptosis and RE establishment were investigated. miR-34a/c downregulated the expression level of centrosomal protein 55 (cEP55) and were sponged by circRNA8073 (circ-8073), thereby exhibiting a negative interaction in cEEc. miR-34a/c induced cEEc apoptosis by targeting circ-8073/cEP55 through the regulation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and phosphoitide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Positive and negative feedback loops and cross-talk were documented between the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. miR-34a/c regulated the levels of RE marker genes, including forkhead box M1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and osteopontin (OPN). These results suggest that miR-34a/c not only induce cEEc apoptosis by binding to circ-8073 and cEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but may also regulate RE establishment in dairy goats.

关键词： apoptosis caprine endometrial epithelial cell cEP55 circ-8073 miR-34a c receptive endometrium

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c. elegansAcATregulates lipolysis and its related lifespan in fasting through modulation of the genes in lipolysis and insulin/IGF-1 signaling

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BIOFAcTORS 2020年第5期46卷 754-765页

作者： Bai, Juan Farias-Pereira, Renalison Zhang, Yuan Jang, Miran Park, Yeonhwa Kim, Kee-Hong Jiangsu Univ Sch Food & Biol Engn Zhenjiang Jiangsu Peoples R China Purdue Univ Dept Food Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Food Sci Amherst MA 01003 USA Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci Chongqing Peoples R China Purdue Univ Ctr Canc Res W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Overly active acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases (AcATs) are known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, cancer cell proliferation and de novo lipogenesis. However, the role of AcAT in systemic lipid metabolism and its consequence of aging is unknown. Using avasimibe, a clinically proven AcAT inhibitor, andmboa-1mutant strain, a homologous to mammalianAcAT, herein, we found that Ava treatment andmboa-1mutant exhibited a decreased fat accumulation during feeding and increased lipolysis with extended lifespan ofc. elegansduring fasting. Our study highlights the essential role of AcAT inhibitor andmboa-1in fat mobilization and the survival ofc. elegansin fasting through the modulation of the genes involved in lipolysis and insulin/IGF-1 signaling.

关键词： avasimibe c elegans fasting lifespan MBOA-1

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Genesis of gold deposits in the Wulong orefield, Liaodong Peninsula, North china craton: constraints from ore deposit geology, REE, and c-H-O-S-Pb isotopes

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GEOLOGIcAL JOURNAL 2020年第8期55卷 5914-5933页

作者： chen, cong Li, Dong-Tao Wu, Tao-Tao Zhao, Yan Zhao, chun-Qiang Yang, Jia-Lin Gu, Yu-chao China Geol Survey Shenyang Geol Survey Ctr Shenyang 110034 Liaoning Peoples R China

The Wulong gold orefield is located in the eastern part of the Liaodong Peninsula, and contains the large Sidaogou and Wulong gold deposits, as well as several small gold deposits with a total of >100 tonnes of gold reserves. These deposits are hosted within Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Liaohe Group and Mesozoic granitoids, and are structurally controlled by NNE-SSW- and NNW-SSE-trending faults and interlayer fractures. The Sidaogou deposit is characterized by altered-rock-type mineralization occurring within interlayer fracture zones, whereas the mineralization in the Wulong deposit occurs as auriferous quartz veins along subsidiary faults. These two types of gold mineralization are representative of the mineralization in the Wulong orefield. The REE contents of quartz and calcite, together with previous studies of fluid inclusions, indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the Sidaogou deposit were reduced Nacl-H2O-cO2 fluids. Quartz yielded delta O-18(H2O-SMOW), delta D-SMOW, and delta c-13(cO2) values of +4.7 parts per thousand to +6.6 parts per thousand, -82.2 parts per thousand to -79.0 parts per thousand, and - 13.1 parts per thousand to -6.6 parts per thousand, respectively, and calcite yielded delta c-13(cO2) and delta O-18(V-SMOW) values of -2.3 parts per thousand to -2.0 parts per thousand and + 7.4 parts per thousand to +7.9 parts per thousand, respectively. These results indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the Sidaogou deposit were derived primarily from magmatic water, and the c was sourced mainly from deep-seated magma with a minor contribution from sedimentary organic matter. Pyrite crystals have delta S-34(cDT) values of +4.9 parts per thousand to +12.9 parts per thousand, indicating the S source was a combination of the magmatic system and ore-bearing metamorphic rocks. Pyrite has Pb-208/Pb-204 ratios of 38.226-38.336, Pb-207/Pb-204 ratios of 15.606-15.683, and Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios of 18.345-18.492, suggesting that the Pb in the Sida

关键词： c H O Pb isotopes Liaodong Peninsula REE Sidaogou and Wulong gold deposits S

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