It is well established that fiber waviness in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites is a defect rather than an aesthetic flaw, as it potentially leads to a severe knockdown of the mechanical properties. conse...
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It is well established that fiber waviness in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites is a defect rather than an aesthetic flaw, as it potentially leads to a severe knockdown of the mechanical properties. consequently, it is desirable to minimize or prevent fiber waviness during processing. This research explored experimentally the influence of tool material, release media and laminate size on the formation of in-plane fiber waviness during c/ PEEK consolidation. The formed waviness was quantified and correlated to the measured tool-ply friction coefficients and thermal coefficients of expansion of the tool plates. This research provides additional evidence that tool shrinkage is the driving force for waviness formation in c/PEEK laminate consolidation. Furthermore, the formation of waviness depends on the balance between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool, the toolply coefficient of friction and the laminate size.
Expectations are one of the core theoretical concepts in the history of 20th century macroeconomics and finance. Here another significant theory of expectations in intellectual history is noted - c. S. Peirce's th...
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Expectations are one of the core theoretical concepts in the history of 20th century macroeconomics and finance. Here another significant theory of expectations in intellectual history is noted - c. S. Peirce's theory of abductive expectations. Peirce was an American philosopher and scientist with deep interests in economics. The paper begins by reprising important aspects of prominent expectations theories such as rational and adaptive expectations, and the theories of Keynes, Friedman and cagan. Then the discussion extends to other noted contributors such as Shackle, coddington, Hayek, Evans, and Brock. c. S. Peirce's theory of expectations is intertwined with his writings on many subjects. What was important about human thought for Peirce was that inferences were made about the logic of events unfolding towards the future. Such inferences look to the future and their accompanying reasoning processes were interpreted as expectational inferences. Peirce used the term abduction for hypothetically imagining the future. An abductive, conjectural expectation (AcE) is one which incorporates and surpasses known evidence by contingently and hypothetically contemplating the future. For Peirce, abductive expectations are a crucial part of humanity's most efficient and productive resource, the cognitive processes of the human mind. Also, although Peirce is recognized as a founding influence on American institutional economics, his conception of expectations seems to have been left undeveloped by that school of economic ideas. Peirce's contribution provides new insights and a more unifying perspective on expectations theories in the history of economics.
Hypophosphatasia (HPP), a genetic disorder characterized by decreased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes TNSALP. The most...
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Hypophosphatasia (HPP), a genetic disorder characterized by decreased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes TNSALP. The most frequent pathogenic variant in Japanese patients with HPP is a frameshift mutation in the ALPL gene, c.1559delT, and its carrier frequency is reported to be one in 480 in the Japanese population. We report the cases of two Japanese children with HPP who had a heterozygous c.1559delT variant in the ALPL gene. One case (involving a neonate) exhibited respiratory insufficiency associated with vitamin B6 dependent convulsions, significant defective mineralization similar to the severe form of HPP, and extremely low ALP activity. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using asfotase alfa promptly improved her respiratory insufficiency, bone mineral-ization, and maintained her motor development during infancy. The second case involved a 10-year-old boy who demonstrated diffuse musculoskeletal pain and weakness that progressively disturbed mobility. Although he showed no bony lesions, the clinical symptoms and biochemical abnormalities were compatible with childhood HPP. ERT successfully relieved the severe generalized pain and significantly improved motor function.
This research depicts the social networks that the Ethiopian and Eritrean communities use to establish and support ethnic and non-cultural businesses in Washington D.c. It also showcases the solidarity expressions tha...
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This research depicts the social networks that the Ethiopian and Eritrean communities use to establish and support ethnic and non-cultural businesses in Washington D.c. It also showcases the solidarity expressions that, behind-the-scenes, sustain and help strengthen these migrant-led businesses in the area. Furthermore, it describes the opportunity structure found in Washington D.c. that has allowed Ethiopians and Eritreans to open businesses and progress in neighborhoods such as Adams Morgan and U Street. The study uses ethnographic research comprised of participant observation and in-depth interviews to analyze 20 case studies of successful Ethiopian and Eritrean entrepreneurs in D.c. This paper describes the characteristics of an immigrant community that is underrepresented in the literature, especially regarding its entrepreneurship;it underscores the special role that family and kin play in supporting their entrepreneurship;and it makes visible the impact that Ethiopians and Eritreans have had in some areas of Washington D.c.
Purpose of ReviewTo examine the 'zero tolerance' policy for female genital cutting (FGM/c) in the international health community in light of the growing popularity of FGcS (female genital cosmetic surgery) ***...
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Purpose of ReviewTo examine the 'zero tolerance' policy for female genital cutting (FGM/c) in the international health community in light of the growing popularity of FGcS (female genital cosmetic surgery) *** Findings'Traditional' FGM/c performed in Egypt and Sudan and cosmetic labiaplasty performed in Europe, the Americas, and Antipodes by medically trained gynaecologists and plastic surgeons are based on similar aesthetic logics: labia minora that protrude beyond the labia majora are deemed ugly, masculine, and 'abnormal'. Drawing on the burgeoning medical, social science, and humanities literature surrounding labiaplasty, the paper documents the narrowing of aesthetic standards governing 'normal' genital appearance and finds that, in addition to adult women, thousands of (mainly caucasian) adolescents have undergone these operations whose long-term health consequences are *** heteronormativity, gender binarism, ageism, and the colonial association of protruding labia minora with animality contribute to body image insecurities and fuel the labiaplasty phenomenon, despite the ethical challenge that the procedures are clearly defined by the WHO as type II (a-c) female genital mutilations.
Different thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the stability of mercurous nitrite discovered accidentally in 1896 by P. c. Ray's group have been critically analysed in this review article. It has been concluded th...
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Different thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the stability of mercurous nitrite discovered accidentally in 1896 by P. c. Ray's group have been critically analysed in this review article. It has been concluded that mercurous nitrite is thermody-namically unstable but it gains the kinetic stability which may originate from the overpotential factor in the gas evolution in its redox decomposition. It may also arise from strengthening the Hg-I-Hg(I)bond which undergoes cleavage at the rate determining step (rds) in the disproportionation of Hg22+or its oxidation by the one-electron oxidant like NO2-. The Hg-1-Hg(I)bond is strengthened through the formation of the relatively weaker Hg-I-O bond (i.e. nitrito linkage) compared to the Hg-I-N bond (i.e. nitro linkage) in mercurous nitrite.
We used a simple MOFs-assisted synthesis strategy based on the encapsulation and in-situ carburizing reaction of cu-based metallic organic frameworks (NENU-5) to synthesize porous nano-octahedral materials, MoWN/ [ema...
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We used a simple MOFs-assisted synthesis strategy based on the encapsulation and in-situ carburizing reaction of cu-based metallic organic frameworks (NENU-5) to synthesize porous nano-octahedral materials, MoWN/ [email protected] c Ts (T = 700, 800, and 900). Together with the vapor deposition strategy, the volatile nitrogen species from the pyrolysis of dicyandiamide were captured by the nano-octahedral materials, and formed tungsten-molybdenum-based carbonitride nanocrystals encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon. The porous nano-octahedron has a unique heterostructure composed of Mo 2 N/Moc/W 2 N/Wc. The representative MoWN/ [email protected] c 800 showed trifunctional electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction/hydrogen evolution reaction (ORR/OER/HER) in an alkaline medium (0.1 M KOH). The total oxygen electrode activity index ΔE = 0.795 V (vs. RHE) was found in OER/ORR, and the material also exhibits excellent HER performance. The minimum potential of −0.17 V (vs. RHE) was provided at a current density of −10 mA cm −2 . MoWN/ [email protected] c 800 showed excellent cycle stability and durability in ORR/OER/HER with the same electrolyte (0.1 M KOH). More importantly, MoWN/ [email protected] c 800 could be used to construct high-performance zinc-air batteries and sued for driving electrocatalytic water splitting in a self-powered manner. The successful preparation of the materials indicate that the synthetic strategy provides new reference ideas for developing functional materials with high catalytic properties for various applications.
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