Background Hypoplasia of thumb is the second common congenital difference of the thumb, next only to duplication. It may occur as an isolated hand difference or as a part of radial longitudinal deficiency. In approxim...
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Background Hypoplasia of thumb is the second common congenital difference of the thumb, next only to duplication. It may occur as an isolated hand difference or as a part of radial longitudinal deficiency. In approximately 60% of these children, the radius shows hypoplasia. The incidence of thumb hypoplasia is one in 100,000 live births. In 50% of these children, the other hand will also have similar deficiency, although variable in severity. Hypoplasia of thumb has been classified into five major categories, according to the increasing severity of hypoplasia. Type III hypoplasia of thumb is characterized by skeletal hypoplasia involving the first metacarpal and carpometacarpal joint, absent intrinsic muscles and rudimentary extrinsic muscles. It was further subclassified into types A, B & c. Type III B, described by Manske and Mccarroll, involves extensive deficiency of extrinsic and intrinsic musculature with aplasia of the metacarpal base. Type III c, described by Buck-Gramcko, has hypoplastic metacarpal head. Methods It is widely believed that reconstruction of Type III B & c hypoplastic thumb will not be functionally useful, and they are often included in the indications for pollicization in thumb hypoplasia. In India, we frequently come across parents, who are not willing to remove the hypoplastic digit. This forced us to find out a way to reconstruct the hypoplastic thumb into a functionally useful digit. We describe our surgical technique of reconstruction of hypoplastic thumbs and our experience in utilization of the technique in five children with Type III B & c hypoplasia of thumb. carpometacarpal joint of thumb was reconstructed and stabilized with a toe phalangeal transfer in the first stage and an opponensplasty was done in the second stage to improve movement. Results In all the five operated children, our surgical technique yielded a stable thumb which was functional. The donor site morbidity was acceptable. The parents were satisfied with the appear
Wc based cermet coatings deposited by thermal spray techniques are extensively used in applications where superior sliding wear resistance is a primary need. The present study aims to investigate relative effect of di...
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Wc based cermet coatings deposited by thermal spray techniques are extensively used in applications where superior sliding wear resistance is a primary need. The present study aims to investigate relative effect of different counter faces on Wc-cr 3 c 2 -Ni composite coatings developed by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique for the coefficient of friction, wear factor and damage to the coatings during the dry sliding tests. The experiments were following ASTM G99 on the ball-on-disc tribometer at room temperature with counter bodies alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and bearing steel (ASTM 52100). The detailed information about wear mechanisms of coatings has been accumulated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The outcomes from the testing of the coating were relatively studied with wear volume loss against each of the counter body. The tribo-pair formed by Wc-cr 3 c 2 -Ni coating with Si 3 N 4 recommended as the least coefficient of friction has been recorded during dry sliding process. The wear of Wc-cr 3 c 2 -Ni coatings against Al 2 O 3 ceramiccounter balls is maximum and has been dominated by abrasive grooving, brittle cracking and spalling.
Fuzzy c -varieties (FcV) is a linear fuzzy clustering method, whose clustering criterion is constructed by replacing the fuzzy c -means (FcM) prototypes with linear varieties, and has been utilized for local principal...
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Fuzzy c -varieties (FcV) is a linear fuzzy clustering method, whose clustering criterion is constructed by replacing the fuzzy c -means (FcM) prototypes with linear varieties, and has been utilized for local principal component analysis. In this paper, the FcV iterative algorithm is modified for handling vertically distributed datasets under consideration of privacy preservation. A cryptographiccalculation scheme is realized by utilizing the least square criterion without eigen solutions. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
Aluminium-based metal matrix composites (MMcs) are one of the preferable choices of engineering material for automobile and aircraft parts. The low density with improved properties makes it suitable for most of the en...
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Aluminium-based metal matrix composites (MMcs) are one of the preferable choices of engineering material for automobile and aircraft parts. The low density with improved properties makes it suitable for most of the engineering application. The present work consists of the fabrication of Al7075/Sic/B 4 c hybrid MMcs by mechanical stir casting route. The percentage of each reinforcement are varies from 1 to 10% by weight with the total percentage of reinforced material kept at 10% by weight. The results reveled the homogeneous mixing of both the reinforcement Sic and B 4 c into the matrix material and it is validated by light microscopy images. As an outcome, the tensile behaviour of the specimen was investigated. The results of tensile characterization of composite indicate that the range of Ultimate tensile strength varies from 47 MPa to 59 MPa for all selected combination of reinforcement. The maximum UTS of 58.9 MPa and Yield strength of 49.46 MPa was obtained for the specimen developed by adding 1% Sic and 9% B 4 c at 1.36% of elongation.
c. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that br...
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c. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that branch of scholarship. He was also a defender of the apartheid system of his native South Africa. A close examination of his work reveals both the promises and the pitfalls of a methodologically interpretive approach to explanation. An interpretive explanation involves developing the capacity in the listener to "go on" appropriately, and this makes criticizing the rules of the game somewhat difficult, but not impossible. A clearer understanding of what an interpretive explanation is may very well help us to avoid the pitfalls illustrated by Manning's advocacy, which I argue is made possible by a category confusion that remains very much with us: a confusion between delineating the rules of a given domain, and actively advocating or defending those principles.
In the present work, optimized cr 3 c 2 NicrBSi nanostructured and conventional powder coatings are sprayed on to Inconel 718 material by high-velocity oxygen fuel coating process for enhancing the high temperature co...
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In the present work, optimized cr 3 c 2 NicrBSi nanostructured and conventional powder coatings are sprayed on to Inconel 718 material by high-velocity oxygen fuel coating process for enhancing the high temperature corrosion resistance. The cyclic hot-corrosion study is carried out on uncoated, conventional coated and nanostructured coated superalloy in the salt environment of Na 2 SO 4 and 60% V 2 O 5 at 900 °c. The weight change measurements are carried out after each cycle to investigate the hot corrosion kinetics of uncoated and coated superalloy using thermo gravimetric technique. The corrosion products of coated specimens are analysed using Scanning electron microscopy and Elemental mapping. cr 3 c 2 NicrBSi nanostructured coating provides dense coating compared to conventional coating. compared to uncoated sample, cr 3 c 2 NicrBSi coating is found to be highly effective in corrosive resistance. The hot corrosion resistance provided by cr 3 c 2 NicrBSi coatings may be associated with the development of oxides of chromium, nickel, silicon and spinels of chromium and nickel.
The production of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is characterized by the high level of complexity and uncertainty, thus a key performance indicator (KPI) system is needed to monitor and control this process. However, up...
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The production of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is characterized by the high level of complexity and uncertainty, thus a key performance indicator (KPI) system is needed to monitor and control this process. However, up to this point, the existing KPI system based on process capability indices (PcIs) is only applicable to large amounts of production data. Therefore, the prototype production stage at the beginning of ramp-up still needs to be considered separately, as there is not enough production data available to estimate the PcIs via traditional approaches during this period. This paper builds a KPI system for the prototype production stage based on the Bayesian estimation of and the method of adding dummy samples. At the end of this paper, an example is provided as an application result of the KPI system.
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