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Higher-order Discrete Adjoint ODE Solver in c++ for Dynamic Optimization

Procedia computer Science 2015年 51卷 256-265页

作者： Johannes Lotz Uwe Naumann Ralf Hannemann-Taḿas Tobias Ploch Alexander Mitsos RWTH Aachen Software and Tools for Computational Engineering Aachen Germany RWTH Aachen Process Systems Engineering Aachen Germany

Parametric ordinary differential equations (ODE) arise in many engineering applications. We consider ODE solutions to be embedded in an overall objective function which is to be minimized, e.g. for parameter estimation. For derivative-based optimization algorithms adjoint methods should be used. In this article, we present a discrete adjoint ODE integration framework written in c + + (NIXE 2.0) combined with Algorithmic Differentiation by overloading (dco/c + +). All required derivatives, i.e. Jacobians for the integration as well as gradients and Hessians for the optimization, are generated automatically. With this framework, derivatives of arbitrary order can be implemented with minimal programming effort. The practicability of this approach is demonstrated in a dynamic parameter estimation case study for a batch fermentation process using sequential method of dynamic optimization. Ipopt is used as the optimizer which requires second derivatives.

关键词： Adjoints ODE Algorithmic Differentiation Dynamic Optimization c + +

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Antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis c virus infection with cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第8期7卷 1133-1141页

作者： Shingo Nakamoto Tatsuo Kanda Hiroshi Shirasawa Osamu Yokosuka Depart-ment of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba UniversityGraduate School of Medicine Department of Molecular Virology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine

Patients who are infected with hepatitis c virus(HcV) and also have advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis have beenrecognized as "difficult-to-treat" patients during an era when peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy is the standard of care. Recent guidelines have clearly stated that treatment should be prioritized in this population to prevent complications such as decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c have been achieved through the development of direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs). Boceprevir and telaprevir are first-generation DAAs that inhibit the HcV NS3/4A protease. Boceprevir or telaprevir, in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, improved the sustained virological response rates compared with peginterferon and ribavirin alone and were tolerated in patients with HcV genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis or compensated cirrhosis. However, the efficacy is lower especially in prior non-responders with or without cirrhosis. Furthermore, a high incidence of adverse events was observed in patients with advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis, in real-life settings. current guidelines in the United States and in some European countries no longer recommend these regimens for the treatment of HcV. Next-generation DAAs include second-generation HcV NS3/4A protease inhibitors, HcV NS5 A inhibitors and HcV NS5 B inhibitors, which have a high efficacy and a lower toxicity. These drugs are used in interferon-free or in interferon-based regimens with or without ribavirin in combination with different classes of DAAs. Interferon-based regimens, such as simeprevir in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, are well tolerated and are highly effective especially in treatmentnave patients and in patients who received treatment but who relapsed. The efficacy is less pronounced in nullresponders and in patients with cirrhosis. Interferonfree regimens in combination with ribavirin and/or two or mo

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Interferon-free regimen Liver cirrhosis Direct-actingantiviral agent

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Two Grams BID Is an Oral Dosage of Vitamin c to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Superficial Bladder carcinoma

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Journal of cancer Therapy 2015年第2期6卷 169-176页

作者： Edward Folk Tracy M. Downs Alfred Roc Ordman Beloit College Biochemistry Program Beloit USA Department of Urology UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison USA Beloit College Beloit USA

Background: continuous exposure to millimolar (mM) Vitamin c (AA) in vitro kills cancer cells. For superficial bladder carcinoma (SBc), standard chemotherapy is instillation of Bacillus calmette-Guerin. The recurrence rate with this therapy is 91%. But high dosage vitamins including AA reduced the recurrence to 41%. Aim: To determine the oral dosage of AA that causes the highest concentration of AA [AA] in the bladder. Method: We conducted a clinical trial of 14 people who took various dosages of AA, and analyzed the [AA] in their urine. Results: AA above 2 g twice a day was not absorbed. But that intake produced a bladder [AA] above 1 mM in all participants. conclusion: Taking 2 g of AA BID will increase [AA] in the bladder to a level likely to kill cancer cells that cause SBc. Taking that dosage 2 consecutive days a week is likely to reduce the recurrence rate of SBc substantially.

关键词： cancer Vitamin c LUTS Superficial Bladder carcinoma

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Natural interferon-beta treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis c in Japan

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第8期7卷 1125-1132页

作者： Reina Sasaki Tatsuo Kanda Shingo Nakamoto Yuki Haga Masato Nakamura Shin Yasui Xia Jiang Shuang Wu Makoto Arai Osamu Yokosuka Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine

chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection can cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc). Several studies have demonstrated that the eradication of HcV reduces the occurrence of Hcc. In Japan, as many people live to an advanced age, HcV-infected patients are also getting older, and the age at Hcc diagnosis has also increased. Although older HcV-infected patients have a risk of developing Hcc, the treatment response to peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin therapy is relatively poor in these patients because of drop-out or discontinuation of this treatment due to adverse events. It is established that the mechanism of action between interferon-alpha and interferon-beta is slightly different. Short-term natural interferon-beta monotherapy is effective for patients with acute hepatitis c and patients infected with HcV genotype 2 and low viral loads. Natural interferon-beta plus ribavirin for 48 wk or for 24 wk are also effective for some patients with HcV genotype 1 or HcV genotype 2. Natural interferon-beta plus ribavirin has been used for certain "difficult-totreat" HcV-infected patients. In the era of direct-acting anti-virals, natural interferon-beta plus ribavirin may be one of the therapeutic options for special groups of HcV-infected patients. In the near future, signal transduction pathways of interferon-beta will inform further directions.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis c virus Interferon-beta Interferon resistance Ribavirin

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Application for Testing of Video and Subtitle Synchronization 3

Application for Testing of Video and Subtitle Synchronizatio...

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3rd IEEE International conference on Smart Systems and Technologies (SST)

作者： Kedacic, Davor Herceg, Marijan Pekovic, Vukota Mihic, Velibor RT RK Inst Comp Based Syst Osijek Croatia Fac Elect Engn Comp Sci & Informat Technol Osijek Croatia RT RK Inst Comp Based Syst Novi Sad Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538671894

The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television (HbbTV) has become very popular in the last few years because it provides richer and more interactive viewing experience to the end user. To obtain a HbbTV certificate, a device must satisfy some rules and norms. One of these rules is the subtitle and video synchronization of a given video content. Therefore, in this paper, a new application for checking the subtitle and video content synchronization is proposed. The algorithm is written in the programming language c and it consists of three modules. These modules are modules for reading XML files, a module for the video frame analysis, and report generation module.

关键词： HbbTV BBT subtitle frame QR c

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Treatment of chronic hepatitis c in patients with HIV/HcV coinfection

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World Journal of Virology 2015年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： Nicola coppola Salvatore Martini Mariantonietta Pisaturo caterina Sagnelli Pietro Filippini Evangelista Sagnelli Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesSecond University of Naples Division of Infectious Diseases AORN Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano di Caserta Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery "F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara" Second University of Naples

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection is one of the mostfrequent causes of comorbidity and mortality in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) population, and liver-related mortality is now the second highest cause of death in HIV-positive patients, so HcV infection should be countered with adequate antiviral therapy. In 2011 began the era of directly acting antivirals(DAAs) and the HcV NS3/4A protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir were approved to treat HcV-genotype-1 infection, each one in combination with pegylated interferon alfa(Peg-IFN) + ribavirin(RBV). The addition of the first generation DAAs, strongly improved the efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients with HcVgenotype 1, both for the HcV-monoinfected and HIV/HcV coinfected, and the poor response to Peg-IFN + RBV in HcV/HIV coinfection was enhanced. These treatments showed higher rates of sustained virological response than Peg-IFN + RBV but reduced tolerability and adherence due to the high pill burden and the several pharmacokinetic interactions between HcV NS3/4A protease inhibitors and antiretroviral drugs. Then in 2013 a new wave of DAAs arrived, characterized by high efficacy, good tolerability, a low pill burden and shortened treatment duration. The second and third generation DAAs also comprised IFN-free regimens, which in small recent trials on HIV-positive patients have shown comforting preliminary results in terms of efficacy, tolerability and adherence.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus infection Human immunodeficiency virus infection Anti-hepatitis c virus treatment Directly acting antivirals HIV/HcV coinfection chronic hepatitis c

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Polyphenols, carotenoids, Vitamin c content in Tropical Fruits and Vegetables and Impact of Processing Methods

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第3期6卷 299-313页

作者： Emy Njoh Ellong corinne Billard Sandra Adenet Katia Rochefort P&ocircle Agroalimentaire Régional de Martinique (P.A.R.M.) Habitation Petit Morne No 375 97232 Le Lamentin Martinique France

Thirty-five fruits and seventeen vegetables from Martinique were evaluated for total phenol content (TPc), Vitamin c and carotenoid content. TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid contents ranged from 11.7 to 978.6 mg/100g, 0.1 to 2853.8 mg/100g and 9.7 to 9269.7 μg/100g respectively. Fruits and vegetables from Martinique have equivalent or higher TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid contents than fruits and vegetables from temperate climates. cashew apple had high values for all three parameters (55.8 mg/100g of Vitamin c, 603 mg/100g of TPc and 924 μg/100g of carotenoids). Bassignac mango and mamey apple had the highest carotenoid contents, with 3800.3 and 3199.7 μg/100g respectively. Acerola had the highest Vitamin c and polyphenol contents with 2853.8 μg/100g and 727.4 mg/100g respectively. Pigeon peas had high values for all three parameters (569.2 mg/100g of Vitamin c, 978.6 mg/100g of TPc and 364.3 μg/100g of carotenoids). Pumpkin and watercress had the highest carotenoid content, with 9269.7 and 4339 μg/100g respectively. TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid content were significantly impacted by processing techniques. TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid contents decreased by up to 75.78%, 100% and 70.18% respectively, depending on the processing technique used.

关键词： Martinique Fruits and Vegetables Total Polyphenols Vitamin c carotenoids Technology Process Food composition Food Analysis Nutritional Quality

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水肥耦合效应对楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c的影响

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西北植物学报 2015年第11期35卷 2290-2298页

作者：邱权李吉跃王军辉何茜苏艳马建伟吴俊文白晶晶华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院广州510642 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室北京100091 甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所甘肃天水741022

以楸树(catalpa bungei)无性系004-1苗木为研究对象,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过测定6、7和8月份20个处理楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c、总氮含量和总磷含量,建立数学模型,分析土壤水分、施氮量和... 详细信息

以楸树(catalpa bungei)无性系004-1苗木为研究对象,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过测定6、7和8月份20个处理楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c、总氮含量和总磷含量,建立数学模型,分析土壤水分、施氮量和施磷量的主因子效应、单因素效应及其耦合效应对叶片δ^(13)c的影响,以及叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c与其总氮含量和总磷含量的关系。结果表明:(1)楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c存在明显的月动态变化特征,总体上呈现出6月份高于7、8月份的趋势,20个处理苗木叶片δ^(13)c平均值(6~8月)变化范围介于-29.12‰^-26.60‰之间;(2)土壤水分对叶片δ^(13)c有显著负效应,施氮量对叶片δ^(13)c有显著正效应,并且施氮量主效应大于土壤水分主效应,但施磷量对叶片δ^(13)c无显著主效应;单因素效应分析表明,楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c随土壤水分或施氮量的增加均呈先增加后减小的"抛物线型"关系;土壤水分×施N量对楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c有显著耦合负效应,土壤水分和施氮量耦合效应图表明,叶片δ^(13)c随土壤水分降低、施氮量增加而逐渐增加;(3)6月、7月和8月份楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c与其叶片总氮含量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05;n=100),但叶片δ^(13)c与总磷含量无显著相关关系(P>0.05;n=100)。研究认为,楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c随生长期表现出动态变化特征,它受到土壤水分、水氮耦合的显著负向影响,以及施氮量的显著正向影响,可以通过合理水肥配施措施大幅提高楸树苗木δ^(13)c。

关键词：水肥耦合效应碳同位素组成δ^13 c 叶片养分数学模型楸树

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Update on hepatitis B and c virus diagnosis

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World Journal of Virology 2015年第4期4卷 323-342页

作者： Livia Melo Villar Helena Medina cruz Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa cristianne Sousa Bezerra Moyra Machado Portilho Letícia de Paula Scalioni Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Oswaldo Cruz Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Viral hepatitis B and c virus(HBV and HcV) are responsible for the most of chronic liver disease worldwide and are transmitted by parenteral route, sexual and vertical transmission. One important measure to reduce the burden of these infections is the diagnosis of acute and chronic cases of HBV and HcV. In order to provide an effective diagnosis and monitoring of antiviral treatment, it is important to choose sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and robust analytical methods. Primary diagnosis of HBV and HcV infection is made by using serological tests for detecting antigens and antibodies against these viruses. In order to confirm primary diagnosis, to quantify viral load, to determine genotypes and resistance mutants for antiviral treatment, qualitative and quantitative molecular tests are used. In this manuscript, we review the current serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and c.

关键词： Diagnostic methods Genotypes Hepatitis B virus Molecular diagnostic techniques Serological tests Hepatitis c virus

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stdcbench A Benchmark for Small Systems 18

stdcbench A Benchmark for Small Systems

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21st International Workshop on Software and compilers for Embedded Systems (ScOPES)

作者： Krause, Philipp Klaus Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357807

Benchmark programs are useful for measuring performance. Benchmarks written in c effectively benchmark the performance of a c implementation consisting of hardware, compiler and standard library. For small systems (i.e. systems with just a few KB of memory) threewell-known and widely used benchmarks are Whetstone, Dhrystone and coremark. However, all three have their shortcomings. Whetstone scores depend heavily on the performance of floating-point functions from the standard library. Dhrystone scores depend heavily on the performance of just a few string processing functions from the standard library. coremark intentionally avoids using the standard library and the scores heavily depend on the performance of matrix multiplications. All three thus highly depend on a single aspect of the c implementation each, so that optimizations targeting that aspect have a huge effect on scores. stdcbench is a benchmark for small systems that tries to give a more balanced reflection of performance. It is intended to be usable for a wide range of c implementations for small systems. We present the design of stdcbench, and discuss a few benchmark results also in comparison to Dhrystone and coremark.

关键词： benchmark stdcbench Dhrystone coremark embedded systems microcontrollers c

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