Trinidadian thinker and activist c. L. R. James penned a criticism of Herman Melville's work, Mariners, Renegades, and castaways, while incarcerated in Ellis Island, New York, in the early 1950s. I investigate how...
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Trinidadian thinker and activist c. L. R. James penned a criticism of Herman Melville's work, Mariners, Renegades, and castaways, while incarcerated in Ellis Island, New York, in the early 1950s. I investigate how the contradictory claims on labour and race, literary analysis, and communism in the last chapter come from what I call the prison-detention continuum: a historical continuity allocated to prison and detention facilities despite an overt difference between the two. The distinction survived so as to maintain racial classification and labour force from the times of slavery and plantation to the cold War era. The physical statuses of those incarcerated were insecure when the Mccarran-Walter Act legalized ideological surveillance and accelerated racism inside and outside the carceral spaces. In his book on Melville, James clarifies the difference between prison and detention by emphasizing labour's role in Ellis Island. He situates his personal experience of maltreatment of his ulcer as a structural issue, produced by the way the officers obey their authorities without any principle. To foreground the docile individuals in the totalitarian society, he compares the inmates and officers on Ellis Island with the shipmates of the Pequod in Moby Dick. Furthermore, he regards that if labour is racialized, it will necessarily culminate in revolt. I argue that James's reference to the Korean War POWs on Koje Island prefigures an interracial solidarity that becomes visible after the Bandung conference of 1955.
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing carbon to nitrogen (c/N) ratios on water quality, growth performance, and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. Shrimp with initial a...
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The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing carbon to nitrogen (c/N) ratios on water quality, growth performance, and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. Shrimp with initial average weight of 2.50 +/- 0.3 g were cultivated for 35 days in 300-L tanks (160 L of water volume) with a density of 1 g per liter. The experiment was performed in five treatments with three replicates. One control group and four biofloc treatments with different c/N ratio were considered: c/N of 10 (cN10), 14 (cN14), 18 (cN18), and 22 (cN22). Shrimp were fed three times a day, and molasses just was added as a carbon sources to the biofloc treatments after each feeding. According to the results, the lowest amount of dissolved oxygen (5.33 mg L-1) and pH (7.83) was observed in cN22 treatment, which showed a significant difference with other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest level of total ammonia nitrogen (1.05 mg L-1) and nitrite (mg L-1) were recorded in control group, while the highest total density of heterotrophic bacteria was obtained in cN22 treatment. Growth performance parameters were at the highest level in the cN14 treatment, so the highest amount of final weight (6.88 g), biomass, and survival rate (94.79%) were observed in this treatment. The biochemical composition (protein, lipid, and ash) of the shrimp body and produced biofloc were affected by different c/N ratios, so these parameters were increased by rising of c/N ratio. In general, this study showed that the growth performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles and water quality were suitable for rearing in biofloc system with c/N ratio of 14 than other treatments.
Today figures like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos have become high-profile evangelists for private space exploration, arguing that interplanetary colonization is necessary to save human-ity from extinction. Although they ma...
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Today figures like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos have become high-profile evangelists for private space exploration, arguing that interplanetary colonization is necessary to save human-ity from extinction. Although they may have the sheen of innovation, however, these ideas are not new. A century ago a coterie of British novelists, scientists, and social theorists writing dur-ing the interwar period became preoccupied with the possibility of human extinction and believed that such a fate might be avoided by taking human civilization to the stars. Watching these intellectual developments with a wary eye, a young c. S. Lewis was increasingly skeptical of both the "extinction panic" that gripped his contemporaries and the utilitarian and environmen-tally exploitative imagination of planetary conquest they championed. In response Lewis penned Out of the Silent Planet (1938), a novel that imagines three sentient species that have the means to prevent their own extinction but choose not to do so. Reading Lewis's novel as a critique of the rapacious ideologies that defined this strain of interwar speculation, this article suggests that the novel models how the humanities might effectively respond to the extinction panic and cosmic adventurism that grip our own imperiled twenty-first century.
作者：
Zhang, AlbertYan, DongDuke Univ
Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol Med Ctr Durham NC 27710 USA Duke Univ
Med Ctr Dept Neurobiol Regenerat Next Durham NC USA Duke Univ
Med Ctr Duke Inst Brain Sci Durham NC USA
Glia make up roughly half of all cells in the mammalian nervous system and play a major part in nervous system development, function, and disease. Although research in the past few decades has shed light on their morp...
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Glia make up roughly half of all cells in the mammalian nervous system and play a major part in nervous system development, function, and disease. Although research in the past few decades has shed light on their morphological and functional diversity, there is still much to be known about key aspects of their development such as the generation of glial diversity and the factors governing proper morphogenesis. Glia of the nematode c. elegans possess many developmental and morphological similarities with their vertebrate counterparts and can potentially be used as a model to understand certain aspects of glial biology owing to advantages such as its genetic tractability and fully mapped cell lineage. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of genetic pathways that regulate glial development in c. elegans and discuss how some of these findings may be conserved.
cladosporium sp. causes berry rot in grape. It is present in the vineyard throughout the berry developmental stage in dormant state. Since there is no recommended fungicide against cladosporium, there is a significant...
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cladosporium sp. causes berry rot in grape. It is present in the vineyard throughout the berry developmental stage in dormant state. Since there is no recommended fungicide against cladosporium, there is a significant concern about already available fungicides against different grape pathogens, the most effective time for application of these fungicides and their role in suppressing the growth of cladosporium. The present study is the first report of a fungitoxicity study of c. cladosporioides with all the labelled fungicide for grape pathogen. The molecular sequencing study confirmed the identity of the fungus used in the study as ***. Fungitoxicity results showed that 65% of the fungicides recommended for grape farming, ranged from very toxic to toxic and 35% of the fungicides were moderately toxic to compatible category against c. cladosporioides. Fungicides used in the later stage of flowering and just before fruiting are cyflufenamid 5% EW and Metrafenone 50% Sc. Sulphur 80 WP (L), cyflufenamid 5% EW and Metrafenone 50% Sc did not affect c. cladosporioides activated at this stage. The data obtained on fungitoxicity will assess the effectiveness of pesticide management program and to develop a new strategy for control of c. cladosporioides in vineyard and prevent its onset at a later stage.
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a volume overload disease causing eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. There is currently no approved drug to treat patients with AR. Endoplasmic retic...
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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a volume overload disease causing eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. There is currently no approved drug to treat patients with AR. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis is involved in many cardiovascular diseases, but whether they also participate in AR-induced heart failure is still elusive. In this study, we found ER stress activation in myocardial samples from patients with AR. With a unique murine model of AR which induced eccentriccardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, we also found aggravation of cardiac ER stress and apoptosis, as evidenced by a reduction of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and an increase of caspase-3 cleavage. We then examined the signaling effectors involved in ER-initiated apoptosis and found volume overload specifically activated c/EBP homologous protein (cHOP), but not caspase-12 or Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Interestingly, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDcA), an ER stress inhibitor, improved cardiac function, and suppressed ER stress, apoptosis, and cHOP. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of cHOP inhibited cardiac Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction and caspase-3 activation and rescued cardiac dysfunction. In summary, our findings suggest that ER stress-cHOP signaling is involved in the development of volume overload cardiac hypertrophy induced by AR through promoting cardiomyocytes apoptosis and provide a previously unrecognized target in heart failure induced by volume overload.
Defining climate suitability zones accurately can provide supporting information for locating regions for crops with a long period of return on investment such as oil-tea (c. oleifera). The objective of this study was...
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Defining climate suitability zones accurately can provide supporting information for locating regions for crops with a long period of return on investment such as oil-tea (c. oleifera). The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in suitability for a typical oil-tea species (Abel) under climate change conditions in china. Based on correlation analysis, annual mean temperature, mean temperature in July, annual rainfall, and annual sunshine hours were identified as the factors impacting production suitability. A modified bioclimatic method was verified using extensively collected crop occurrence data. changes in climate suitability under two different historical periods (1961-1990, 1991-2020) and under two future climate change periods (2021-2050, 2051-2100) using 28 General circulation Models (GcMs) under Representative concentration Pathway (RcP) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios were then investigated. Results showed that: (1) The modified method well described the main climatic features of the actual production regions;96.3% of the dominant production regions and 92.4% of the main production regions were located in the regions classified as most suitable and suitable;(2) Historical climate change has caused the northern and southern production boundaries to move northward by 130 and 70 km, respectively, and the east-central part of the study region has degraded to the suitable classification;(3) Under RcP 4.5, the regional pattern of suitability did not change much, while under RcP 8.5, the area of the most suitable region was reduced by up to 66%;(4) Suitability varied greatly between different GcMs, especially under RcP 8.5. Our results showed that historical climate change had negative impacts in some of the most suitable regions, and that future climate change will have negative impacts on more regions. To maintain future healthy development of production, significant efforts should be devoted to breeding heat and drought-resistant varieties and to improv
Purpose In the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cL), developing drug resistance, existing toxic effects of drugs and failure respond to treatment cause the need to try different treatment methods. We investigated...
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Purpose In the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cL), developing drug resistance, existing toxic effects of drugs and failure respond to treatment cause the need to try different treatment methods. We investigated the effect of gold-conjugated macrophage-specific antibody on amastigotes under infra-red light for the treatment of cL. Methods Female BALB/c (4-8 weeks old, 20 +/- 5 g weight) mice were used in the study. The L. major strain was inoculated on the soles of mice in amastigote form and subpassed. Nanogold (Au), Au + macrophage-specific antibody (MSA) modification and near infra-red (NIR) (5 seconds) were applied to mice groups that developed cutaneous leishmaniasis on their soles. On the 5th and 10th days of the treatment, the lesions were examined clinically and pathologically. Results When the erythema values were examined, the highest decrease was calculated in the Au + MSA + NIR group in the measurements made on the 10(th) day (p < 0.014). The best improvement in 10(th) day measurements is in the NIR and Au + MSA + NIR groups when area values were examined (p = 0.011, p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of parasite load (PL) (p < 0.005) in pathological evaluation. According to PL grouping, the best result is NIR (p = 0.002). When both main titles (clinical and pathological) are examined, the Au + MSA + NIR group is thought to have an optimal therapeutical feature. conclusions Au + MSA + NIR combination could be a new treatment approach for cL treatment.
Background: The goals of laboratory experiences include developing knowledge base, research skills, and scientificcommunication abilities. Objective: The aim was to assess an inquiry-based laboratory activity using t...
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Background: The goals of laboratory experiences include developing knowledge base, research skills, and scientificcommunication abilities. Objective: The aim was to assess an inquiry-based laboratory activity using the model organism caenorhabditis elegans in relation to learning goals. Method: Students in a Biopsychology laboratory course worked in groups to test the effect of various drugs (e.g., nicotine, ethanol, fluoxetine, and melatonin) on c. elegans behavior. The activity included literature review, experimental design, and a final lab report. A cumulative final exam included a synapticcommunication question related to the content of the activity. Results: Students showed better retention of laboratory-related content compared to other topics from the course, as demonstrated through performance on the final exam and were able to replicate previous research demonstrating effects of drug on locomotion. However, students did not improve writing ability compared to performance on a previous American Psychological Association style lab report. conclusion: This study demonstrates that using a student-designed, multi-week laboratory assignment in an undergraduate Biopsychology course supports the growth of psychology knowledge and the development of research skills. Teaching Implications: Instructors should consider using the described laboratory activity for biopsychology or behavioral neuroscience classes or consider similarly designed laboratory formats for other courses in Psychology.
Background Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs7756992 A/G and rs7754840 G/c of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (cDKAL1) gene with the susceptibility of gest...
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Background Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs7756992 A/G and rs7754840 G/c of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (cDKAL1) gene with the susceptibility of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been studied in a group of Bangladeshi women. Methods In this case-control study, 212 GDM patients and 256 control subjects were genotyped for rs7756992 and rs7754840 by PcR-RFLP and TaqMan (TM) allelic discrimination assay method respectively. Genotyping results were confirmed by DNA sequencing and replicated TaqMan (TM) assay. The odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval were calculated by logistic regression to determine the associations between genotypes and GDM. Results The genotype frequencies of rs7756992-AA/AG/GG in the GDM group and the control group were 37%/48%, 53%/45%, 10%/7% and those of rs7754840-cc/cG/GG were 51%/55%, 40.1%/39.8%, 9%/5% respectively. Under dominant and log additive models rs7756992 was revealed significantly associated with GDM after being adjusted for family history of diabetes (FHD) and gravidity. conversely, rs7754840 was significantly associated (P = 0.047) with GDM only under the recessive model after the same adjustment. The risk allele frequency of both SNPs was higher in the GDM group but significantly (P = 0.029) increased prevalence was observed in the rs7756992 G allele. When positive FHD and risk alleles of these SNPs were synergistically present in any pregnant woman, the chance of developing GDM was augmented by many folds. The codominant model revealed 2.5 and 2.1 folds increase in odds by AG (rs7756992) and Gc (rs7754840) genotypes and 3.7 and 4.5 folds by GG (rs7756992) and cc (rs7754840) genotypes respectively. A significant 2.7 folds (P = 0.038) increase in odds of GDM resulted from the interaction of rs7756992 and family history of diabetes under the dominant model. The cumulative effect of multigravidity and risk alleles of these SNPs increased the odds of GDM
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