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Rapid Synthesis and Microenvironment Optimization of Hierarchical Porous Fe―N―c catalysts for Enhanced ORR in Microbial Fuel cells

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ADVANcED ScIENcE 2024年第31期11卷 e2402610页

作者： Jiang, Bolong Jiang, Nan cui, Yanyan Wang, Huan Zhang, Geng Li, Jiayou Zhang, Yuhan Qingdao Univ Technol Innovat Inst Sustainable Maritime Architecture Res Qingdao 266000 Shandong Peoples R China Qingdao Univ Technol Inst Environm & Municipal Engn Qingdao 266000 Shandong Peoples R China Northeast Petr Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn Daqing 163318 Heilongjiang Peoples R China

Here, an approach to produce a hierarchical porous Fe-N-c@TABOH catalyst with densely accessible high intrinsic active FeNx sites is proposed. The method involves a single-step pyrolysis of Zn/Fe-zeolitic imidazolate framework (Zn/Fe-ZIF-H) with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TABOH) micelles, which is obtained by utilizing TABOH as a structural template and electronic mediator at room temperature for a brief duration of 16 min. Notably, the yield of Zn/Fe-ZIF-H is 3.5 times that of Zn/Fe-ZIF-N prepared by conventional method. Results indicate that in addition to expediting synthesis and increasing yield of the Zn/Fe-ZIF-H, the TABOH induces a hierarchical porous structure and fosters the formation of more and higher intrinsic active FeNx moieties in Fex-N-c@TABOH, showing that TABOH is a multifunctional template. crucially, the increased mesoporosity/external surface area and optimized microenvironment of Fe-N-c@TABOH significantly enhance ORR activity by facilitating the formation of high intrinsic active FeNx sites, increasing accessible FeNx sites, and reducing mass transfer resistance. Through structure tailoring and microenvironment optimization, the resulting Fe-N-c@TABOH exhibits superior ORR performance. DFT calculation further validates that the synergistic effect of these two factors leads to low ORR barrier and optimized *OH adsorption energy. This study underscores the importance of structure and electronic engineering in the development of highly active ORR catalysts. A simple rapid strategy to fabricate a hierarchical porous Fe-N-c@TABOH catalyst with densely accessible high intrinsic active FeNx sites is proposed. Benefit from structure tailoring and microenvironment optimization, the resulting Fe-N-c@TABOH showed superior ORR performance, offering an exceptionally high MFc power density of 830.1 +/- 5.2 mWm-2, which is comparable to that of the Pt/c catalyst. image

关键词： Fe & horbar N & horbar c hierarchical porous microbial fuel cells microenvironment oxygen reduction reaction

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Development of nanostructured Ge/c anodes with a multistacking layer fabricated via Ar high-pressure sputtering for high-capacity Li⁺-ion batteries

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APPLIED PHYSIcS EXPRESS 2024年第2期17卷 026001-026001页

作者： Omae, Tomoki Yamada, Teruya Fujikake, Daiki Kozawa, Takahiro Uchida, Giichiro Meijo Univ Fac Sci & Technol Nagoya Aichi 4688502 Japan Osaka Univ Joining & Welding Res Inst Ibaraki Osaka 5670047 Japan

To realize high-capacity Ge anodes for next-generation Li+-ion batteries, a multilayer anode with a c(top)/Ge(middle)/c(bottom) structure wasdeveloped, where nanostructured amorphous Ge (a-Ge) and amorphous-like carbon films with a grain size of 10-20 nm were depositedsequentially by high-pressure Ar sputtering at 500 mTorr. compared with the a-Ge anode, the c(top)/a-Ge(middle)/c(bottom) multistacking layeranode showed improved capacity degradation for repeated lithiation/delithiation reactions and achieved a high capacity of 910 mAh g(-1)with nocapacity fading after 90 cycles at a c-rate of 0.1.(c) 2024 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Japan Society of Applied Physics by IOPPublishing Ltd

关键词： low temperature plasma process Li ion battery Ge c

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S-Block Metal Mg-Mediated co―N―c as Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Durable and Temperature-Adapted Zn-Air Batteries

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ADVANcED ScIENcE 2024年第34期11卷 e2403865页

作者： Wang, Henan Niu, Xinxin Liu, Wenxian Yin, Ruilian Dai, Jiale Guo, Wei Kong, chao Ma, Lu Ding, Xia Wu, Fangfang Shi, Wenhui Deng, Tianqi cao, Xiehong Zhejiang Univ Technol Pinghu Inst Adv Mat Coll Mat Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310014 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Chem Engn Hangzhou 310014 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Chem Engn Ctr Membrane & Water Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310014 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Silicon & Adv Semicond Mat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Inst Adv Semicond Hangzhou 311215 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Power Semicond Mat & Devices Hangzhou 311215 Peoples R China

In the quest to enhance Zn-air batteries (ZABs) for operating across a wide spectrum of temperatures, synthesizing robust oxygen electrocatalysts is paramount. conventional strategies focusing on orbital hybridization of d-d and p-d aim to moderate the excessive interaction between the d-band of the transition metal active site and oxygen intermediate, yet often yield suboptimal performance. Herein, an innovative s-block metal modulation is reported to refine the electronic structure and catalytic behavior of co & horbar;Nc catalysts. Employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is revealed that incorporating Mg markedly depresses the d-band center of co sites, thereby fine-tuning the adsorption energy of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) intermediate. consequently, the Mg-modified co & horbar;Nc catalyst (Mgco & horbar;Nc) unveils remarkable intrinsic ORR activity with a significantly reduced activation energy (Ea) of 10.0 kJ mol(-1), outstripping the performance of both co & horbar;Nc (17.6 kJ mol(-1)), benchmark Pt/c (15.9 kJ mol(-1)), and many recent reports. Moreover, ZABs outfitted with the finely tuned Mg0.1co0.9 & horbar;Nc realize a formidable power density of 157.0 mW cm(-2), paired with an extremely long cycle life of 1700 h, and an exceptionally minimal voltage gap decay rate of 0.006 mV h(-1). Further, the Mg0.1co0.9 & horbar;Nc-based flexible ZAB presents a mere 2% specific capacity degradation when the temperature fluctuates from 25 to -20 degrees c, underscoring its robustness and suitability for practical deployment in diverse environmental conditions.

关键词： metal & horbar N & horbar c oxygen reduction reaction s-block temperature-adapted Zn-air batteries

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In-plane and out-of-plane seismic damage of masonry infills in existing r.c. structures: the case study of De Gasperi-Battaglia school in Norcia

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BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 2021年第1期19卷 345-376页

作者： Mazza, Fabio Donnici, Angelo Univ Calabria Dipartimento Ingn Civile I-87036 Cosenza Italy

A significant correlation between the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) damage propagation of masonry infills (MIs) is frequently observed after strong earthquakes, posing a serious problem as regards vulnerability of public buildings such as schools. The present work is aimed at identifying the effects of different IP and OOP modelling assumptions of MIs on their seismic damage. To this end, the state secondary school De Gasperi-Battaglia in Norcia (Italy), object of monitoring by the Department of civil Protection since 2000, is investigated for the heterogeneity of infill typologies. The school is composed of a basement and three storeys above ground level, with a reinforced concrete (r.c.) framed structure having a long-shaped rectangular plan. Two typologies can be identified in terms of transverse layout of MIs: (i) double-leaf interior partitions, made of hollow clay bricks;(ii) double-leaf exterior infill walls, constituted by facade solid bricks paired with hollow clay bricks. In addition, partial height infills in the longitudinal direction, due to classroom windows, make the columns susceptible to short column effects. MIs are represented by a five-element macro-model predicting both in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour through a horizontal nonlinear truss and four diagonal nonlinear beam elements, respectively. Stiffness and strength values in the OOP direction are also reduced considering the evolution of the IP damage. Three assumptions are investigated for the behaviour of structural MIs: i.e. elastic both IP and OOP;inelastic IP and elastic OOP;inelastic both IP and OOP. Bare and infilled test structures are subjected to biaxial spectrum-compatible accelerograms, to evaluate the IP and OOP damage levels and effectiveness of the OOP simplified verification proposed by seismic codes.

关键词： R c framed buildings In-plane nonlinear modelling of masonry infills Out-of-plane nonlinear modelling of masonry infills Seismic analysis

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The international politics of truth: c. Wright Mills and the sociology of the international

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REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 2022年第4期48卷 748-765页

作者： Mabee, Bryan Univ Gothenburg Sch Global Studies Gothenburg Sweden

c. Wright Mills's critical work on international relations is well known, but is often dismissed as being unscholarly, reductionist, and overly polemical. However, seeing the work in the context of his earlier career can allow for a new perspective, with Mills's activist views on war and militarism shaped very clearly by his earlier theoretical and political commitments. Mills developed a distinctive political sociological understanding of international politics, theorising the state as a historically-situated structural determinant of international power: a network of elite power that was contextualised by the influence of the socially constructed realities of the international created by elites. Mills's crucial critical contribution was to see the role of the intellectual as criticising these realities through the imaginative reconceptualisation of the world, which he called the 'politics of truth'. The article argues the international politics of truth was not only Mills's distinctive theory of the international, but that it was clearly supported by his early theorisation of the international. A revised view of the importance of Mills's international relations work can help to situate Mills as part of a broader tradition of IR scholarship, a lost lineage of the critical historical and political sociology of the international.

关键词： c Wright Mills Politics of Truth Public Intellectuals International Historical Sociology

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Synthesis and characterization of cr₂c MXenes

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARcH 2021年第10期36卷 1980-1989页

作者： Akinola, Otitoaleke chakraborty, Isha celio, Hugo Akinwande, Deji Incorvia, Jean Anne c. Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin Texas Mat Inst Austin TX 78712 USA

MXenes are a large class of materials that are chemically exfoliated from metal-aluminum-carbon (MAX) bulk crystals into low-dimensional sheets. While many MXenes have been theoretically predicted, the careful balance required in the exfoliation between breaking the inter-layer bonds without damaging the intra-layer bonds of the sheets has limited synthesis and experimental study. Here, we developed the synthesis of cr2c from its parent cr2Alc MAX phase and showed the etching is optimized using sodium fluoride and hydrogen chloride with a modified minimally intensive layer delamination (mMILD) method in a cold environment of 9 celcius. We further optimized the intercalation and delamination using sonication and washing methods. The resulting cr2c crystal structure was characterized. These results open up cr2c to experimental study, including of its predicted emergent magnetic properties, and develop guidelines for synthesizing new MXene materials.

关键词： 2D materials cr c Mxenes Synthesis Metal carbides

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Mechanical and ablation properties of a c/c-HfB2-Sic composite prepared by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation combined with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN cERAMIc SOcIETY 2021年第13期41卷 6160-6170页

作者： Tang, Zhenxiao Yi, Maozhong Xiang, Qiuling Du, Yuhui Peng, Ke Cent South Univ State Key Lab Powder Met Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

An improved high-solid-loading slurry impregnation process was developed to introduce HfB2 particles into a low-density c/c preform efficiently, and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process was used for densification to obtain a c/c-HfB2-Sic composite. The microstructure characterization revealed that HfB2 particles uniformly filled the pores in the c/c preform, and Sic well densified the interstices between HfB2 particles and the small pores in the carbon fiber bundles. After being tested, the c/c-HfB2-Sic composite had a density of 4.07 g/cm3 and a bending strength of 344.8 MPa, and exhibited a non-brittle fracture behavior. After ablation with oxyacetylene flame at 2500 for 120 s, the mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of the c/c-HfB2-Sic composite were 0.5 mg/s and 0.415 mu m/s, respectively. The good ablation performance is attributed to the hindering effect of the HfO2 scale on oxygen diffusion at high temperature.

关键词： Slurry impregnation c c-HfB2 -Sic Mechanical property Ablation resistance

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Viscosity of Fe-Mn-c Melts

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RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIcAL cHEMISTRY A 2021年第2期95卷 244-249页

作者： chikova, O. A. Sinitsin, N., I V'yukhin, V. V. Yeltsin Ural Fed Univ Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia Ural Pedag Univ Ekaterinburg 620017 Russia

The kinematic viscosity of Fe-Mn-c melts is measured with Mn contents of 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, and 25.0 wt % and c contents of 0.4 to 2.2 wt %. The kinematic viscosity is measured using damped torsional vibrations of a crucible with a melt upon the heating and subsequent cooling of the samples. The temperatures at which the characteristics of the viscous flow change and the liquid-liquid structural transition occurs in Fe-Mn-c melts are determined using the results from measuring the kinematic viscosity.

关键词： Fe– Mn– c viscosity theory of absolute reaction rates liquid– liquid structural transition Arrhenius– Frenkel– Eyring equation activation energy of viscous flow volume of viscous flow structural unit

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First report of cladosporium cladosporioides, c. oxysporum, and c. uredinicola as potential pathogens on tomato shoots system in Iraq

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APPLIED NANOScIENcE 2021年第2期13卷 1065-1072页

作者： Razak, Nisreen J. Abass, Mohammed H. Basra Univ Coll Agr Plant Protect Dept Basrah Iraq

Several leaves and shoot spot symptoms were observed on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plants at Zubair and Safwan farms in Basrah, Iraq. The symptomatic plant parts were collected from different varieties of tomato. The fungal pathogens were first isolated on PDA medium followed by a diagnosis procedure of the relevant fungi conducting phenotypic characterization and microscopic featuring. A molecular identification was applied by polymerase chain reaction technology using internal transcribed spacer sequences. All along an investigation on cladosporium species, three species including c. cladosporioides, c. oxysporum, and c. uredinicola were identified and recorded as new potential pathogen for the first time in Iraq causing leaf spot and lesion of tomato plant. Pathogenicity examination of each isolated pathogens was performed against of tomato plant. The importance of the current research is to investigate and identify the fungal pathogens of tomato plants to find the best protocols to restrict their growth and damage.

关键词： cladosporium cladosporioides c oxysporum c uredinicola Fungal diseases Pathogenicity Tomato plant

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c/N Ratio and Specific Growth Rate Plays Important Role on Enhancing Isoprene Production in Recombinant Escherichia coli

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APPLIED BIOcHEMISTRY AND BIOTEcHNOLOGY 2021年第8期193卷 2403-2419页

作者： Joshi, Harshvardhan Isar, Jasmine Jain, Dharmendra A. Badle, Sneh S. Dhoot, Shrikant B. Rangaswamy, Vidhya Reliance Ind Ltd High Value Chem Navi Mumbai 400701 Maharashtra India

Effect of fermentation parameters such as c/N ratio, specific growth rate, phosphate limitation, and plasmid instability on enhancing isoprene production is the focus of the current study. Isoprene productivity in the recombinant Escherichia coli K12_MVA strain showed a bell-shaped relationship with specific growth rate in bioreactor studies with isoprene volumetric productivity peaking at 0.35/h. This behavior was depicted by a production inhibition kinetic model which envisaged a serious competition between the cellular growth, acetic acid production, and isoprene biosynthesis. The model equation derived showed a reasonable fit with the experimental values. Judicious control of the growth rates and acetate accumulation by optimizing c/N ratio, phosphate concentration, and intermittent feeding strategy resulted in maximizing the carbon flux towards isoprene. Plasmid instability caused by metabolic burden posed by the presence of dual plasmids on the bacteria was simulated using first-order degradation kinetics. The experimental plasmid loss trend was in accordance with the model simulated trend, where higher plasmid loss correlated with higher specific growth rates. Modulating the growth rate, acetate accumulation, and plasmid instability resulted in achieving maximum isoprene volumetric productivity of 1.125 g/l/h with 46.67% of carbon flux towards isoprene and a isoprene titre of 18 g/l in 16 h fermentation run.

关键词： Isoprene fermentation Plasmid instability c N ratio Acetate toxicity

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