ccompilers in production environments often have to reprocess the same header files. ccc is a caching ccompiler which maintains a database of partially processed header files so that repetitive work may be eliminate...
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ccompilers in production environments often have to reprocess the same header files. ccc is a caching ccompiler which maintains a database of partially processed header files so that repetitive work may be eliminated. (c) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Li4Ti5O12/c has been successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction method of Li2cO3 and TiO2 followed by direct flaming of acetylene gas. Li4Ti5O12 with 2-h milling time is indexed as single-phase crystal structu...
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Li4Ti5O12/c has been successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction method of Li2cO3 and TiO2 followed by direct flaming of acetylene gas. Li4Ti5O12 with 2-h milling time is indexed as single-phase crystal structure of Li4Ti5O12 (JcPDS 04-0477). The SEM results show particle sizes between 0.192 and 0.360 mu m with a spherical shape, but there is agglomeration due to high temperature when the direct flaming of acetylene gas process is applied. The desired carbon content by direct flaming of acetylene gas is still very low at 0.6% for 10 min and 0.9% for 20 min. Li4Ti5O12 with 10 min of direct flaming of acetylene gas has the highest specific discharge capacity of 210.61 mAh/g. This is attributed to the pure single phase and the higher conductivity of the sample. This result shows that Li4Ti5O12/c synthesized by ball milling and direct flaming of acetylene gas could be a good candidate as anode for lithium-ion battery.
Although IL-12 plays a critical role in priming Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte(cTL) responses, Toll-like receptor(TLR) signaling only induces low amounts of IL-12 in dendriticcells and macrophages, implying the exist...
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Although IL-12 plays a critical role in priming Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte(cTL) responses, Toll-like receptor(TLR) signaling only induces low amounts of IL-12 in dendriticcells and macrophages, implying the existence of stringent regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we sought to uncover the mechanisms underlying TLR-induced IL-12 expression and the Th1 response. By systemic screening, we identified a number of protein kinases involved in the regulation of TLRinduced IL-12 expression. In particular, PI3 K, ERK, and m TOR play critical roles in the TLR-induced Th1 response by regulating IL-12 and IL-10 production in innate immune cells. Moreover, we identified c-fos as a key molecule that mediates m TOR-regulated IL-12 and IL-10 expression in TLR signaling. Mechanistically, m TOR plays a crucial role in c-fos expression, thereby modulating NFκB binding to promoters of IL-12 and IL-10. By controlling the expression of a special innate gene program, m TOR can specifically regulate the TLR-induced T cell response in vivo. Furthermore, blockade of m TOR by rapamycin efficiently boosted TLR-induced antigen-specific T and B cell responses to HBV and HcV vaccines. Taken together, these results reveal a novel mechanism through which m TOR regulates TLR-induced IL-12 and IL-10 production, contributing new insights for strategies to improve vaccine efficacy.
The low carbon-to-nitrogen (c/N) ratio in wastewater will inhibit pollutant removal, and more seriously, it will cause an increment of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of constructed wetlands (cWs). Raising the c/N ratio...
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The low carbon-to-nitrogen (c/N) ratio in wastewater will inhibit pollutant removal, and more seriously, it will cause an increment of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of constructed wetlands (cWs). Raising the c/N ratio of wastewater is an effective way to solve this problem, while it may cause secondary pollution and is costly. Assembling plant diversity promotes N removal, while the effects of plant diversity and increasing c/N ratio on global warming potential (GWP) combined by N2O and methane (cH4) are lack of comparison. In this study, 108 cW microcosms were established to explore the effects of increasing the c/N ratio from 1 to 5 and assembling plant diversity on N removal and GHG emissions. Results showed that when the c/N ratio was 1, (1) increasing species richness reduced N2O and cH4 emissions then reduced the GWP by 70%;(2) the presence of Arundo donax in microcosms reduced GWP by 72%;(3) an A. donax x Tradescantia fluminensis x Reineckia carnea mixture resulted in a high N removal and decreased the GWP per g N removal by 92% with a cost increment of 0.05 USD per m(3) wastewater treated;and (4) as the c/N ratio increasing to 5, the GWP per g N removal of monocultures was reduced by 96%, but the cost increased by at least 0.29 USD per m(3) wastewater treated. In summary, configuring plant diversity in cWs is an efficient, clean, and cost-effective measure to treat wastewater with a low c/N ratio.
Precise measurement of low enrichment of stable isotope labeled amino-acid tracers in tissue samples is a prerequisite in measuring tissue protein synthesis rates. The challenge of this analysis is augmented when smal...
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Precise measurement of low enrichment of stable isotope labeled amino-acid tracers in tissue samples is a prerequisite in measuring tissue protein synthesis rates. The challenge of this analysis is augmented when small sample size is a critical factor. Muscle samples from human participants following an 8h intravenous infusion of L-[ring-13c6]phenylalanine and a bolus dose of L-[ring-13c6]phenylalanine in a mouse were utilized. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Lc/MS/MS), gas chromatography (Gc) MS/MS and Gc/MS were compared to the Gc-combustion-isotope ratio MS (Gc/c/IRMS), to measure mixed muscle protein enrichment of [ring-13c6]phenylalanine enrichment. The sample isotope enrichment ranged from 0.0091 to 0.1312 molar percent excess. As compared with Gc/c/IRMS, Lc/MS/MS, Gc/MS/MS and Gc/MS showed coefficients of determination of R2=0.9962 and R2=0.9942, and 0.9217 respectively. However, the precision of measurements (coefficients of variation) for intra-assay are 13.0%, 1.7%, 6.3% and 13.5% and for inter-assay are 9.2%, 3.2%, 10.2% and 25% for Gc/c/IRMS, Lc/MS/MS, Gc/MS/MS and Gc/MS, respectively. The muscle sample sizes required to obtain these results were 8 mu g, 0.8 mu g, 3 mu g and 3 mu g for Gc/c/IRMS, Lc/MS/MS, Gc/MS/MS and Gc/MS, respectively. We conclude that Lc/MS/MS is optimally suited for precise measurements of L-[ring-13c6]phenylalanine tracer enrichment in low abundance and in small quantity samples. copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In this work, we adopted PIP technology to introduce Sicceramics into the carbon fiber bundles of c/c-Siccomposites. The obtained c/c-Siccomposites containing PIP-Sic exhibited improved flexural strength. Meanwhile...
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In this work, we adopted PIP technology to introduce Sicceramics into the carbon fiber bundles of c/c-Siccomposites. The obtained c/c-Siccomposites containing PIP-Sic exhibited improved flexural strength. Meanwhile, the strength difference was reduced in in-plane and vertical directions. Fracture morphology revealed that the introduction of Sic into the fiber bundles broadened available toughening mechanism of the prepared composites. The braking performance of the materials was tested on an MM-1000 dynamometer. After braking at different speeds, we analyzed wear rates, variations in friction coefficient, and the morphological evolution of the friction surface. The results indicated that the introduction of Sic into the fiber bundles enhanced the abrasive resistance of local c/c regions, which yielded a significant reduction of the wear rates.
In order to further improve the ablative resistance of c/c-Zrc-Siccomposites, YF3 modified c/c-Zrc-Siccom-posites were prepared by molten salt assisted reactive melt infiltration, and the infiltration mechanism and ...
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In order to further improve the ablative resistance of c/c-Zrc-Siccomposites, YF3 modified c/c-Zrc-Siccom-posites were prepared by molten salt assisted reactive melt infiltration, and the infiltration mechanism and ablative behavior of the composites were discussed. After fluorination, diffusion, adsorption and reaction of yttrium in ionic melt generated by K2ZrF6, YF3 was generated inside c/c-Zrc-Siccomposites, which effectively seals the existing pores and cracks in c/c-Zrc-Sic material. YF3 modified c/c-Zrc-Siccomposites can form yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia during the ablation process, and improve the ablation stability of the oxide layer compared with c/c-Zrc-Siccomposites, the mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of YF3 modified c/c-Zrc-Siccomposites are reduced by 42.61% and 90.14% respectively.
continuous ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films on silicon wafer were prepared in fluoride media using TEAOH asorganic structure-directing agent. The proportion ofpolymorph c in the as-synthesized ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films wasdeterm...
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continuous ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films on silicon wafer were prepared in fluoride media using TEAOH asorganic structure-directing agent. The proportion ofpolymorph c in the as-synthesized ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films wasdetermined via X-ray diffraction characterization. The proportion of polymorph c in the ITQ-16 and 1TQ-17 filmswas controlled via optimizing the compositions of the reaction mixtures and reaction conditions, such as varyingthe Si/Ge molar ratio and adding n-propyl alcohol as a solvent in the reaction mixture, The Ge atoms in the reactionmedia strongly increased the crystallization of polymorph c in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. Moreover, the stabilizingand buffering effect of n-propyl alcohol on crystal growth further enhanced the proportion of polymorph c in theITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. For potential catalytic applications, A1 was incorporated into the framework ofpolymorphc, and a pure phase of polymorph c in Al-ITQ-17 film was achieved from the synthesis gel in the n-propyl alcohol phase.
The impact of the organiccarbon to nitrate ratio (c/N ratio) on mixotrophic denitrification rate has been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of the c/N ratio on the mixotrophic denitrifi...
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The impact of the organiccarbon to nitrate ratio (c/N ratio) on mixotrophic denitrification rate has been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of the c/N ratio on the mixotrophic denitrification when methanol is used as a source of organic matter and elemental sulfur as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. For this, two initial concentrations of NO3--N (50 and 25 mg/L) at a stoichiometric ratio of S-0/N, and four initial c/N ratios (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.9 mg cH3OH/mg NO3- -N) were used at 25 (+/- 2) degrees c. The results showed that when using a c/N ratio of 0.6, the highest total nitrogen removal was obtained and the accumulation of nitrites was reduced, compared to an autotrophic system. The most significant contribution to nitrate consumption was through autotrophic denitrification (AuDeN) for a c/N ratio of 0.6 and 1.2, while for c/N = 1.9 the most significant contribution of nitrate consumption was through heterotrophic denitrification (HD). Finally, organic supplementation (methanol) served to increase the specific nitrate removal rate at high and low initial concentrations of substrate. Therefore, the best c/N ratio was 0.6 since it allowed for increasing the removal efficiency and the denitrification rate.
Given an r-discrete, principal and amenable groupoid, the bijective correspondence between the family c the closedc o(G 0)-bimodules ofc(G) and the family of the open subsets of the groupoidG is established. More over...
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Given an r-discrete, principal and amenable groupoid, the bijective correspondence between the family c the closedc o(G 0)-bimodules ofc(G) and the family of the open subsets of the groupoidG is established. More over they are rigidity.
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