Background The medicinal effects of cannabis varieties on the market cannot be explained solely by the presence of the major cannabinoids Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THc) and cannabidiol (cBD). Evidence for putativ...
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Background The medicinal effects of cannabis varieties on the market cannot be explained solely by the presence of the major cannabinoids Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THc) and cannabidiol (cBD). Evidence for putative entourage effects caused by other compounds present in cannabis is hard to obtain due to the subjective nature of patient experience data. caenorhabditis elegans (c. elegans) is an objective test system to identify cannabis compounds involved in claimed health and entourage effects. Methods From a medicinal cannabis breeding program by MariPharm BV, the Netherlands a set of 12 varieties were selected both THc rich varieties as well as cBD rich varieties. A consecutive extraction process was applied resulting in a non-polar (cannabinoid-rich) and polar (cannabinoid-poor) extract of each variety. The test model c. elegans was exposed to these extracts in a broad set of bioassays for appetite control, body oscillation, motility, and nervous system function. Results Exposing c. elegans to extracts with a high concentration of cannabinoids (> 1 mu g/mL) reduces the life span of c. elegans dramatically. Exposing the nematodes to the low-cannabinoid (< 0.005 mu g/mL) polar extracts, however, resulted in significant effects with respect to appetite control, body oscillation, motility, and nervous system-related functions in a dose-dependent and variety-dependent manner. Discussion c. elegans is a small, transparent organism with a complete nervous system, behavior and is due to its genetic robustness and short life cycle highly suitable to unravel entourage effects of cannabis compounds. Although c. elegans lacks an obvious cB1 and cB2 receptor it has orthologs of Serotonin and Vanilloid receptor which are also involved in (endo)cannabinoid signaling. conclusion By using c. elegans, we were able to objectively distinguish different effects of different varieties despite the cannabinoid content. c. elegans seems a useful test system for studying entourage effe
Purpose Due to the randomness and unpredictability of many disasters, it is essential to be prepared to face difficult conditions after a disaster to reduce human casualties and meet the needs of the people. After the...
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Purpose Due to the randomness and unpredictability of many disasters, it is essential to be prepared to face difficult conditions after a disaster to reduce human casualties and meet the needs of the people. After the disaster, one of the most essential measures is to deliver relief supplies to those affected by the disaster. Therefore, this paper aims to assign demand points to the warehouses as well as routing their related relief vehicles after a disaster considering convergence in the border warehouses. Design/methodology/approach This research proposes a multi-objective, multi-commodity and multi-period queueing-inventory-routing problem in which a queuing system has been applied to reduce the congestion in the borders of the affected zones. To show the validity of the proposed model, a small-size problem has been solved using exact methods. Moreover, to deal with the complexity of the problem, a metaheuristic algorithm has been utilized to solve the large dimensions of the problem. Finally, various sensitivity analyses have been performed to determine the effects of different parameters on the optimal response. Findings According to the results, the proposed model can optimize the objective functions simultaneously, in which decision-makers can determine their priority according to the condition by using the sensitivity analysis results. Originality/value The focus of the research is on delivering relief items to the affected people on time and at the lowest cost, in addition to preventing long queues at the entrances to the affected areas.
The c and c++ languages define hundreds of cases as having undefined behavior (UB). These include, for example, corner cases where different cPU architectures disagree on the semantics of an instruction and the langua...
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The c and c++ languages define hundreds of cases as having undefined behavior (UB). These include, for example, corner cases where different cPU architectures disagree on the semantics of an instruction and the language does not want to force a specific implementation (e.g., shift by a value larger than the bitwidth). Another class of UB involves errors that the language chooses not to detect because it would be too expensive or impractical, such as dereferencing out-of-bounds *** there is a common belief within the compiler community that UB enables certain optimizations that would not be possible otherwise, no rigorous large-scale studies have been conducted on this subject. At the same time, there is growing interest in eliminating UB from programming languages to improve *** this paper, we present the first comprehensive study that examines the performance impact of exploiting UB in c and c++ applications across multiple cPU architectures. Using LLVM, a compiler known for its extensive use of UB for optimizations, we demonstrate that, for the benchmarks and UB categories that we evaluated, the end-to-end performance gains are minimal. Moreover, when performance regresses, it can often be recovered through small improvements to optimization algorithms or by using link-time optimizations.
c. Wright Mills's critical work on international relations is well known, but is often dismissed as being unscholarly, reductionist, and overly polemical. However, seeing the work in the context of his earlier car...
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c. Wright Mills's critical work on international relations is well known, but is often dismissed as being unscholarly, reductionist, and overly polemical. However, seeing the work in the context of his earlier career can allow for a new perspective, with Mills's activist views on war and militarism shaped very clearly by his earlier theoretical and political commitments. Mills developed a distinctive political sociological understanding of international politics, theorising the state as a historically-situated structural determinant of international power: a network of elite power that was contextualised by the influence of the socially constructed realities of the international created by elites. Mills's crucial critical contribution was to see the role of the intellectual as criticising these realities through the imaginative reconceptualisation of the world, which he called the 'politics of truth'. The article argues the international politics of truth was not only Mills's distinctive theory of the international, but that it was clearly supported by his early theorisation of the international. A revised view of the importance of Mills's international relations work can help to situate Mills as part of a broader tradition of IR scholarship, a lost lineage of the critical historical and political sociology of the international.
A significant correlation between the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) damage propagation of masonry infills (MIs) is frequently observed after strong earthquakes, posing a serious problem as regards vulnerability...
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A significant correlation between the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) damage propagation of masonry infills (MIs) is frequently observed after strong earthquakes, posing a serious problem as regards vulnerability of public buildings such as schools. The present work is aimed at identifying the effects of different IP and OOP modelling assumptions of MIs on their seismic damage. To this end, the state secondary school De Gasperi-Battaglia in Norcia (Italy), object of monitoring by the Department of civil Protection since 2000, is investigated for the heterogeneity of infill typologies. The school is composed of a basement and three storeys above ground level, with a reinforced concrete (r.c.) framed structure having a long-shaped rectangular plan. Two typologies can be identified in terms of transverse layout of MIs: (i) double-leaf interior partitions, made of hollow clay bricks;(ii) double-leaf exterior infill walls, constituted by facade solid bricks paired with hollow clay bricks. In addition, partial height infills in the longitudinal direction, due to classroom windows, make the columns susceptible to short column effects. MIs are represented by a five-element macro-model predicting both in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour through a horizontal nonlinear truss and four diagonal nonlinear beam elements, respectively. Stiffness and strength values in the OOP direction are also reduced considering the evolution of the IP damage. Three assumptions are investigated for the behaviour of structural MIs: i.e. elastic both IP and OOP;inelastic IP and elastic OOP;inelastic both IP and OOP. Bare and infilled test structures are subjected to biaxial spectrum-compatible accelerograms, to evaluate the IP and OOP damage levels and effectiveness of the OOP simplified verification proposed by seismiccodes.
MXenes are a large class of materials that are chemically exfoliated from metal-aluminum-carbon (MAX) bulk crystals into low-dimensional sheets. While many MXenes have been theoretically predicted, the careful balance...
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MXenes are a large class of materials that are chemically exfoliated from metal-aluminum-carbon (MAX) bulk crystals into low-dimensional sheets. While many MXenes have been theoretically predicted, the careful balance required in the exfoliation between breaking the inter-layer bonds without damaging the intra-layer bonds of the sheets has limited synthesis and experimental study. Here, we developed the synthesis of cr2c from its parent cr2Alc MAX phase and showed the etching is optimized using sodium fluoride and hydrogen chloride with a modified minimally intensive layer delamination (mMILD) method in a cold environment of 9 celcius. We further optimized the intercalation and delamination using sonication and washing methods. The resulting cr2ccrystal structure was characterized. These results open up cr2c to experimental study, including of its predicted emergent magnetic properties, and develop guidelines for synthesizing new MXene materials.
The c-arm is a frequently used imaging technique in trauma surgery and orthopedics for intraoperative imaging both in diagnostics and in the treatment of open and closed reduction and osteosynthesis of fractures. The ...
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The c-arm is a frequently used imaging technique in trauma surgery and orthopedics for intraoperative imaging both in diagnostics and in the treatment of open and closed reduction and osteosynthesis of fractures. The c-arm is operated by radiology technologists/medical technologists for radiology who are experts in the field of radiological imaging and radiation protection.
An improved high-solid-loading slurry impregnation process was developed to introduce HfB2 particles into a low-density c/c preform efficiently, and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process was used for densificat...
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An improved high-solid-loading slurry impregnation process was developed to introduce HfB2 particles into a low-density c/c preform efficiently, and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process was used for densification to obtain a c/c-HfB2-Siccomposite. The microstructure characterization revealed that HfB2 particles uniformly filled the pores in the c/c preform, and Sic well densified the interstices between HfB2 particles and the small pores in the carbon fiber bundles. After being tested, the c/c-HfB2-Siccomposite had a density of 4.07 g/cm3 and a bending strength of 344.8 MPa, and exhibited a non-brittle fracture behavior. After ablation with oxyacetylene flame at 2500 for 120 s, the mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of the c/c-HfB2-Siccomposite were 0.5 mg/s and 0.415 mu m/s, respectively. The good ablation performance is attributed to the hindering effect of the HfO2 scale on oxygen diffusion at high temperature.
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