Several research groups have demonstrated that c. elegans can respond to pulsed ultrasound stimuli, and elucidating the underlying mechanisms is necessary to develop ultrasound neuromodulation. Here, amplitude -modula...
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Several research groups have demonstrated that c. elegans can respond to pulsed ultrasound stimuli, and elucidating the underlying mechanisms is necessary to develop ultrasound neuromodulation. Here, amplitude -modulated (AM) ultrasound is applied to c. elegans, and its behavioral responses are investigated in detail. By loading surface acoustic waves (SAWs) onto free-moving worms on an agar surface, a carrier wave with a fre-quency of 8.80 MHz is selected. The signal is modulated by a rectangular or sinusoidal profile. It is demonstrated that sinusoidal modulation can produce similar responses in worms to rectangular modulation, with the strongest responses occurring at modulation frequencies of around 1.00 kHz. Meanwhile, the behavioral response is relatively weak when the ultrasonic signal is unmodulated, that is, when only the carrier wave is applied. At modulation frequencies other than 100.00 Hz to 10.00 kHz, the worms respond weakly, but when a second modulation frequency of 1.00 kHz is introduced, an improvement in response can be observed. These results suggest that c. elegans may sense the low-frequency envelope and respond to amplitude-modulated ultrasonic stimuli like an amplitude demodulator. MEc-4, an ion channel for touch sensing, is involved in the behavioral response of c. elegans to ultrasound in the present setup.
Background and Aims. The main cause of sepsis-induced Acute kidney injury (AKI) is acute infection after surgery and subsequent progression. However, the mechanism by which AKI is caused and developed from sepsis are ...
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Background and Aims. The main cause of sepsis-induced Acute kidney injury (AKI) is acute infection after surgery and subsequent progression. However, the mechanism by which AKI is caused and developed from sepsis are not completely known. Herein, we determined the role of ccAAT/enhancer-binding protein 13 (c/EBP 13) in sepsis-induced AKI Methods. c/EBP 13 expression was up or down-regulated in LPS-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro by recombinant adenoviruses or siRNA. Subsequent analyses included the test of TNF- a and IL-6 levels by ELISA, cell cycle assay by flow cytometry. Results. c/EBP 13 was aberrantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells exposed to LPS. c/EBP beta overexpression significantly enhanced, but c/EBP 13 silencing obviously decreased the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF- a and IL-6 induced by LPS stimulus in HK-2 cells. And the cell cycle arrest of HK-2 cells induced by LPS was also enhanced after c/EBP beta overexpression while attenuated after c/EBP 13 silencing. consistent pattern of changes in cyclin D1 and p21 expression were observed in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells after c/EBP 13 silencing and c/EBP 13 overexpression. Additionally, the increased p-NF- KB levels induced by LPS were found to be obviously decreased after c/EBP 13 silencing in HK-2 cells. And the enhanced TNF- a and IL-6 secretion as well as cell cycle arrest by c/EBP beta overexpression were blocked by BAY11-7082 inhibitor of NF- KB pathway. conclusions. c/EBP 13 could mediate the LPS-induced aberrant inflammatory response and cell cycle arrest in tubular epithelial cells by NF- KB pathway. (c) 2021 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
This research provides a description and illustrations for a new species from the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, cynanchum quangbinhense. The distribution, habitat, phenology and conservation assessment for the spec...
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This research provides a description and illustrations for a new species from the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, cynanchum quangbinhense. The distribution, habitat, phenology and conservation assessment for the species are also presented. The new species differs from closely related species, c. ovalifolium in many characters such as leaf shape, inflorescence type, fewer and smaller flowers, colour of petals, margins of the corona, and anthers appendages shape, and differs from c. kwangsiense in having small leaves, umbellate inflorescences, triangular sepals, retuse apex of petals, and plicate margin of corona. Our discovery raises the known species of this genus in Vietnam to seven. In addition, a key to species of cynanchum in Vietnam, and notes on morphological variation of c. officinale are presented in this paper.
A facile and effective synthesis of H-2 or D-2 from Pd/ccatalyzed hydrolysis of B(2)pin(2) has first been developed. Among them, B(2)pin(2) is frequently used for borylation reaction, and has rarely been used for hyd...
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A facile and effective synthesis of H-2 or D-2 from Pd/ccatalyzed hydrolysis of B(2)pin(2) has first been developed. Among them, B(2)pin(2) is frequently used for borylation reaction, and has rarely been used for hydrogen evolution. The kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and tandem reaction for diphenylacetylene and norbornene hydrogenation have confirmed both two H atoms of H-2 gas are provided from H2O. This is contrary to other boron compounds hydrolysis (including NH3BH3, NaBH4), which generates H-2 with only one H atom provided by water and the other one by boron compounds. Note that the hydrolysis of B(2)pin(2) in D2O also provides an easy and useful synthesis of D-2.
The New European Driving cycle (NEDc) induces remarkable degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The long-term cyclic dynamic potential polarizations based on NEDc with four different Epeak are inves-tigat...
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The New European Driving cycle (NEDc) induces remarkable degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The long-term cyclic dynamic potential polarizations based on NEDc with four different Epeak are inves-tigated on the multilayer c/cr coated SS316L (c/cr/SS) bipolar plates. c/cr/SS achieves superior small IcRs and low corrosion rate with Epeak up to 1.12 V, demonstrating great potential for commercial applications. However, mild local corrosion occurs at 1.16 V and accelerates at 1.22 V, resulted by the dissolution initiated at the heterogeneous interface. The present work offers new insights into NEDc-based potential polarization induced degradation on c/cr/SS.
The pursuit of understanding behavior has led to investigations of how genes, the environment, and the nervous system all work together to produce and influence behavior, giving rise to a field of research known as be...
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The pursuit of understanding behavior has led to investigations of how genes, the environment, and the nervous system all work together to produce and influence behavior, giving rise to a field of research known as behavioral neurogenetics. This review focuses on the research journeys of two pioneers of aspects of behavioral neurogenetic research: Dr. Marla Sokolowski and Dr. catharine Rankin as examples of how different approaches have been used to understand relationships between genes and behavior. Marla Sokolowski's research is centered around the discovery and analysis of foraging, a gene responsible for the natural behavioral polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster larvae foraging behavior. catharine Rankin's work began with demonstrating the ability to learn in caenorhabditis elegans and then setting out to investigate the mechanisms underlying the "simplest" form of learning, habituation. Using these simple invertebrate organisms both investigators were able to perform in-depth dissections of behavior at genetic and molecular levels. By exploring their research and highlighting their findings we present ways their work has furthered our understanding of behavior and contributed to the field of behavioral neurogenetics.
作者：
Yu, MingmingLi, HongliXue, KunXie, WangZhang, LiyingRen, MusuFang, LinShanghai Univ
Res Ctr Composite Mat Engn Res Ctr Mat Composit & Adv Dispers Technol Minist Educ 99 Shangda Rd Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Donghua Univ
Shanghai Collaborat Innovat Ctr High Performance F Ctr Civil Aviat Composites State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat 2999 Renmin North Rd Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China
carbon/carbon (c/c) composites have become one of the key new materials in the 21st century due to their excellent properties, including excellent temperature resistance, high electrical conductivity and high mechan-i...
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carbon/carbon (c/c) composites have become one of the key new materials in the 21st century due to their excellent properties, including excellent temperature resistance, high electrical conductivity and high mechan-ical strength. This work analyzed the effects of microstructure evaluation of c/ccomposite materials at different stages of the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process on the compression and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of c/ccomposites. It was found that the pores in the diameter range of 4-30 mu m were the main components of the internal pores of the material during the PIP process. The compressive strength of the c/ccomposites increased with increasing densification period, and the intrabundle pores had a significant effect on the compressive properties. The electrical conductivity and EMI shielding efficiency of the c/ ccomposites increased with increasing degree of densification, and the main reason for shielding electromag-netic waves was the reflection of the incident power.
When the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is used for positioning in harsh environments with high occlusion and strong reflection, the signals are easily reflected, diffracted, or even blocked, which can lead...
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When the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is used for positioning in harsh environments with high occlusion and strong reflection, the signals are easily reflected, diffracted, or even blocked, which can lead to multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. Existing stochastic models do not fully consider the significant unmodeled errors, such as multipath and NLOS, in specific scenarios such as canyons. This paper systematically establishes the carrier-to-noise ratio (c/N-0) template functions of the low-cost receiver for the first time and proposes an elevation stochastic model constrained by c/N-0 (elevation-c/N-0 model) by combining the two indicators (elevation angle and c/N-0) with the idea of robust estimation. Then, real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the new model, and both static monitoring and urban kinematic situations are included. The results showed that: (a) in the static data, the average ambiguity fixed rate of the elevation-c/N-0 model is 95.79%, which is 10.05%, 15.74%, and 12.57% higher than that of the equal-weight, elevation-based, and c/N-0-based stochastic models, respectively. At the same time, only the new model consistently meets centimeter-level accuracy requirements in harsh environments. (b) In the kinematic data, compared with the three traditional stochastic models, the ambiguity fixed rate of the elevation-c/N-0 stochastic model is increased by 58.33%, 19.79%, and 28.13%, respectively. The motion trajectory calculated by the elevation-c/N-0 model is the smoothest out of all the models. In conclusion, compared with the traditional stochastic models, the elevation-c/N-0 stochastic model is more applicable to both static and kinematic measurements in harsh environments. It can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of errors such as multipath and NLOS, increase the ambiguity fixed rate, and improve the positioning reliability to a certain extent, hence the proposed m
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the c9orf72 gene is the most common cause of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Unconventional translation of the c9orf72 repeat produ...
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A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the c9orf72 gene is the most common cause of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Unconventional translation of the c9orf72 repeat produces dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). Previously, we showed that the DPRs PR50 and GR50 are highly toxic when expressed in caenorhabditis elegans , and this toxicity depends on nuclear localization of the DPR. In an unbiased genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen for suppressors of PR50 toxicity, we identified 12 genes that consistently suppressed either the developmental arrest and/or paralysis phenotype evoked by PR50 expression. All of these genes have vertebrate homologs, and 7 of 12 contain predicted nuclear localization signals. One of these genes was spop-1 , the c. elegans homolog of SPOP , a nuclear localized E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor only found in metazoans. SPOP is also required for GR50 toxicity and functions in a genetic pathway that includes cul-3 , which is the canonical E3 ligase partner for SPOP. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of SPOP in mammalian primary spinal cord motor neurons suppressed DPR toxicity without affecting DPR expression levels. Finally, we find that knockdown of bromodomain proteins in both c. elegans and mammalian neurons, which are known SPOP ubiquitination targets, suppresses the protective effect of SPOP inhibition. Together, these data suggest a model in which SPOP promotes the DPR-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of BRD proteins. We speculate the pharmacological manipulation of this pathway, which is currently underway for multiple cancer subtypes, could also represent an entry point for therapeutic intervention to treat c9orf72 FTD/ALS.
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