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combination of infra-red light with nanogold targeting macrophages in the treatment of Leishmania major infected BALB/c mice

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cUTANEOUS AND OcULAR TOXIcOLOGY 2022年第1期41卷 18-24页

作者： Guner, Rukiye Yasak Hayta, Sibel Berksoy Tosun, Mustafa Akyol, Melih Ozpinar, Necati Polat, Zubeyde Akin Egilmez, Reyhan celikgun, Serkan cam, Selim Cumhuriyet Univ Dermatol Dept Sch Med Sivas Turkey Hatay Mustafa Kemal Univ Fac Hlth Sci Antakya Turkey Cumhuriyet Univ Parasitol Dept Sch Med Sivas Turkey Cumhuriyet Univ Pathol Dept Sch Med Sivas Turkey Dokuz Eylul Univ Publ Hlth Dept Sch Med Izmir Turkey Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ Off Serv & Secretarial Dept Vocat Sch Cumhuriyet Social Sci Sivas Turkey

Purpose In the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cL), developing drug resistance, existing toxic effects of drugs and failure respond to treatment cause the need to try different treatment methods. We investigated the effect of gold-conjugated macrophage-specific antibody on amastigotes under infra-red light for the treatment of cL. Methods Female BALB/c (4-8 weeks old, 20 +/- 5 g weight) mice were used in the study. The L. major strain was inoculated on the soles of mice in amastigote form and subpassed. Nanogold (Au), Au + macrophage-specific antibody (MSA) modification and near infra-red (NIR) (5 seconds) were applied to mice groups that developed cutaneous leishmaniasis on their soles. On the 5th and 10th days of the treatment, the lesions were examined clinically and pathologically. Results When the erythema values were examined, the highest decrease was calculated in the Au + MSA + NIR group in the measurements made on the 10(th) day (p < 0.014). The best improvement in 10(th) day measurements is in the NIR and Au + MSA + NIR groups when area values were examined (p = 0.011, p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of parasite load (PL) (p < 0.005) in pathological evaluation. According to PL grouping, the best result is NIR (p = 0.002). When both main titles (clinical and pathological) are examined, the Au + MSA + NIR group is thought to have an optimal therapeutical feature. conclusions Au + MSA + NIR combination could be a new treatment approach for cL treatment.

关键词： cutaneous leishmaniasis nanogold BALB c phototherapy macrophage-specific antibody

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Blueprint for interracial solidarity: c. L. R. James's Mariners, Renegades, and castaways as prison writing

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JOURNAL OF cOMMONWEALTH LITERATURE 2023年第3期58卷 545-562页

作者： Yoshida, Yutaka Tokyo Univ Sci Tokyo Japan

Trinidadian thinker and activist c. L. R. James penned a criticism of Herman Melville's work, Mariners, Renegades, and castaways, while incarcerated in Ellis Island, New York, in the early 1950s. I investigate how the contradictory claims on labour and race, literary analysis, and communism in the last chapter come from what I call the prison-detention continuum: a historical continuity allocated to prison and detention facilities despite an overt difference between the two. The distinction survived so as to maintain racial classification and labour force from the times of slavery and plantation to the cold War era. The physical statuses of those incarcerated were insecure when the Mccarran-Walter Act legalized ideological surveillance and accelerated racism inside and outside the carceral spaces. In his book on Melville, James clarifies the difference between prison and detention by emphasizing labour's role in Ellis Island. He situates his personal experience of maltreatment of his ulcer as a structural issue, produced by the way the officers obey their authorities without any principle. To foreground the docile individuals in the totalitarian society, he compares the inmates and officers on Ellis Island with the shipmates of the Pequod in Moby Dick. Furthermore, he regards that if labour is racialized, it will necessarily culminate in revolt. I argue that James's reference to the Korean War POWs on Koje Island prefigures an interracial solidarity that becomes visible after the Bandung conference of 1955.

关键词： c L R James cold War Ellis Island Herman Melville Korean War labour Mariners Renegades and castaways prison writing racism

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c. elegans as a model to study glial development

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FEBS JOURNAL 2022年第6期289卷 1476-1485页

作者： Zhang, Albert Yan, Dong Duke Univ Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol Med Ctr Durham NC 27710 USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Neurobiol Regenerat Next Durham NC USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Duke Inst Brain Sci Durham NC USA

Glia make up roughly half of all cells in the mammalian nervous system and play a major part in nervous system development, function, and disease. Although research in the past few decades has shed light on their morphological and functional diversity, there is still much to be known about key aspects of their development such as the generation of glial diversity and the factors governing proper morphogenesis. Glia of the nematode c. elegans possess many developmental and morphological similarities with their vertebrate counterparts and can potentially be used as a model to understand certain aspects of glial biology owing to advantages such as its genetic tractability and fully mapped cell lineage. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of genetic pathways that regulate glial development in c. elegans and discuss how some of these findings may be conserved.

关键词： c elegans development glia gliogenesis morphogenesis

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Fungitoxicity profile of cladosporium cladosporioides c1, as a leveraging tool for postharvest management of grapes

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BIOLOGIA 2022年第4期77卷 1173-1179页

作者： Ranade, Yogita H. Pathak, Pranav D. chandrashekar, Madhura Saha, Sujoy MIT ADT Univ MIT Sch Bioengn Sci & Res Loni Kalbhor 412201 Maharashtra India ICAR Natl Res Ctr Grapes Pune 412307 Maharashtra India

cladosporium sp. causes berry rot in grape. It is present in the vineyard throughout the berry developmental stage in dormant state. Since there is no recommended fungicide against cladosporium, there is a significant concern about already available fungicides against different grape pathogens, the most effective time for application of these fungicides and their role in suppressing the growth of cladosporium. The present study is the first report of a fungitoxicity study of c. cladosporioides with all the labelled fungicide for grape pathogen. The molecular sequencing study confirmed the identity of the fungus used in the study as ***. Fungitoxicity results showed that 65% of the fungicides recommended for grape farming, ranged from very toxic to toxic and 35% of the fungicides were moderately toxic to compatible category against c. cladosporioides. Fungicides used in the later stage of flowering and just before fruiting are cyflufenamid 5% EW and Metrafenone 50% Sc. Sulphur 80 WP (L), cyflufenamid 5% EW and Metrafenone 50% Sc did not affect c. cladosporioides activated at this stage. The data obtained on fungitoxicity will assess the effectiveness of pesticide management program and to develop a new strategy for control of c. cladosporioides in vineyard and prevent its onset at a later stage.

关键词： c cladosporioides Grape (Vitis Vinifera L) Postharvest pathogen Quiescent Fungitoxicity study

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Poly I:c Exacerbates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice

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LUNG 2022年第6期200卷 677-686页

作者： Mei, Xiaofeng Lu, Ruilong cui, Lili Tian, Yange Zhao, Peng Li, Jiansheng Henan Univ Chinese Med Henan Key Lab Chinese Med Resp Dis Zhengzhou 450046 Henan Peoples R China Henan Prov & Educ Minist PR China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chinese Med & Resp Dis Zhengzhou 450046 Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Chinese Med Dept Resp Dis Affiliated Hosp 1 Zhengzhou 450000 Peoples R China Henan Univ Chinese Med Acad Chinese Med Sci Zhengzhou 450000 Peoples R China

Background chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (cOPD) is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. cigarette smoke (cS) and respiratory viruses are major causes of cOPD development and exacerbation, but the mechanisms of these compounding factors on inflammation and pathological changes in airway structure still need further investigation. Purpose This work aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Poly I:c on pathological changes in cS-induced cOPD mice, such as airway inflammation and remodeling. Methods From 1 to 8 weeks, the mice were exposed to cS, Poly I:c, or a combination of both. To compare the pathological changes among different groups over time, the mice were sacrificed at week 4, 8, 16, and 24, then the lungs were harvested to measure pulmonary pathology, inflammatory cytokines, and airway remodeling. Results Our data revealed that the fundamental characteristics of cOPD, such as pulmonary pathological damage, the release of inflammatory mediators, and the remodeling of airway walls, were observed at week 8 in cS-exposed mice and these pathological changes persisted to week 16. compared with the cS group, the pathological changes, including decreased lung function, inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar destruction, and airway wall thickening, were weaker in the Poly I:c group. These pathological changes were observed at week 8 and persisted to week 16 in Poly I:c-induced mice. Furthermore, Poly I:c exacerbated lung tissue damage in cS-induced cOPD mice. The decreased lung function, airway inflammation and remodeling were observed in the combined group at week 4, and these pathological changes persisted to week 24. Our research indicated that Poly I:c enhanced the expression of p-P38, p-JNK and p-NF-kappa B in cS-exposed mice. conclusion Poly I:c could promote airway inflammation and remodeling in cS-induced cOPD mice probably by NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling.

关键词： Airway inflammation Airway remodeling Poly I c cigarette smoke

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Unearthing Treasure in clay Jars: T. c. chao and the Formation of chinese Dogmatic Theology

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STUDIES IN WORLD cHRISTIANITY 2023年第2期29卷 159-176页

作者： Sampson, John Univ Toronto St Michaels Coll Toronto ON Canada Toronto Sch Theol Grad programmes Toronto ON Canada

T. c. chao (1888-1979) was a leading chinese Protestant theologian renowned for his creative works of chinese theology. Although scholars have traced significant changes and shifts in chao's theology in the 1940s, a particular formal aspect of his mature thinking has not received the attention it deserves. chao began to emphasise and practise a particular form of chinese theology in the 1940s and early 1950s, namely, doctrinal or dogmatic theology. This paper traces the development of chao's dogmatic theology and examines one representative dogmatic locus in his thinking, the doctrine of the Trinity. It argues that chao's turn to dogmatics not only richly illuminates a crucial aspect of his mature life and thought, but also sheds light on the legacy of Andrew Walls, whose work highlights christianity's cross-cultural diffusion and the gospel's encounter with the cultural worlds it takes root within.

关键词： T c chao chinese theology christianity in china dogmatic theology Andrew Walls cross-cultural process

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Biofloc technology with addition molasses as carbon sources applied to Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile production under the effects of different c/N ratios

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AQUAcULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2022年第1期30卷 383-397页

作者： Khanjani, Mohammad Hossein Sharifinia, Moslem Univ Jiroft Fac Nat Resources Dept Fisheries Sci & Engn Jiroft Iran Agr Res Educ & Extens Org AREEO Iranian Fisheries Sci Res Inst IFSRI Shrimp Res Ctr Bushehr Iran

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing carbon to nitrogen (c/N) ratios on water quality, growth performance, and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. Shrimp with initial average weight of 2.50 +/- 0.3 g were cultivated for 35 days in 300-L tanks (160 L of water volume) with a density of 1 g per liter. The experiment was performed in five treatments with three replicates. One control group and four biofloc treatments with different c/N ratio were considered: c/N of 10 (cN10), 14 (cN14), 18 (cN18), and 22 (cN22). Shrimp were fed three times a day, and molasses just was added as a carbon sources to the biofloc treatments after each feeding. According to the results, the lowest amount of dissolved oxygen (5.33 mg L-1) and pH (7.83) was observed in cN22 treatment, which showed a significant difference with other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest level of total ammonia nitrogen (1.05 mg L-1) and nitrite (mg L-1) were recorded in control group, while the highest total density of heterotrophic bacteria was obtained in cN22 treatment. Growth performance parameters were at the highest level in the cN14 treatment, so the highest amount of final weight (6.88 g), biomass, and survival rate (94.79%) were observed in this treatment. The biochemical composition (protein, lipid, and ash) of the shrimp body and produced biofloc were affected by different c/N ratios, so these parameters were increased by rising of c/N ratio. In general, this study showed that the growth performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles and water quality were suitable for rearing in biofloc system with c/N ratio of 14 than other treatments.

关键词： Pacific white shrimp c N ratio Biofloc carbohydrate Growth performance Water quality

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Natural history of Usher type 2 with the c.2299delG mutation of USH2A in a large cohort

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OPHTHALMIc GENETIcS 2022年第4期43卷 470-475页

作者： Meunier, Audrey Zanlonghi, Xavier Roux, Anne-Francoise Fils, Jean-Francois caspers, Laure Migeotte, Isabelle Abramowicz, Marc Meunier, Isabelle Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB Dept Ophthalmol Univ Hosp St Pierre Brussels Belgium Jules Verne Clin Ctr Competence Malad Rares Nantes France Univ Montpellier Montpellier Univ Hosp Lab Mol Genet Montpellier France Univ Montpellier Inst Neurosci Montpellier INSERM Montpellier France Ars Stat Nivelles Belgium Univ Libre Bruxelles Genet Dept IRIBHM Brussels Belgium Univ Geneva Fac Med Dept Genet Med & Dev Geneva Switzerland Univ Hosp Natl Ctr Rare Dis Maolya Sensgene Care Network Genet Sensory Dis Montpellier France

Background The c.2299delG mutation is prevalent and accounts for 24.5% USH2A pathogenic variants, with promising prospects for customized gene therapy. Materials and Methods We compared the ocular and auditory phenotypes in a retrospective cohort of 169 Usher type 2 patients, with and without the c.2299delG allele, including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, optical coherence tomography, kinetic perimetry, and audiometric assessment to define the hearing disability. Statistical methods used were covariate balancing propensity score and adjusted survival curves log-rank test for the analysis of visual acuity. Results We compare 54 Usher patients (31%) carrying at least one c.2299delG allele to 109 patients without this variant. The mean ages at onset of night blindness (14 years) and onset of peripheral vision deficiency (24 years) were similar in both groups, as was the severity of hearing loss (p = 0.731), even in homozygotes (p = 0.136). Based on the covariate balancing propensity score, the c.2299delG carrier patients developed cataract and reached a BcVA of 20/63 earlier than patients without this mutation (mean age 36 versus 42 y.o.;and 52.2 versus 55.1 y.o., respectively). Using adjusted survival curves and a log-rank test based on inverse probability weighting, patients with the c.2299delG variant reach blindness (BcVA <20/400) at 42.3 years old instead of 79.8 years for other USH2A pathogenic variants. conclusions We conclude that c.2299delG is associated with a more severe phenotype of the Usher type 2, in homozygotes and in compound heterozygotes.

关键词： Usher retinitis pigmentosa c 2299delG USH2A propensity score

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Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Activation of c/EBP Homologous Protein in Aortic Regurgitation-Induced cardiac Remodeling in Mice

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JOURNAL OF cARDIOVAScULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARcH 2022年第2期15卷 340-349页

作者： Wang, Xingxu Wei, Wei Wu, Jian Kang, Le Wu, Shuangquan Li, Jiming Shen, Yunli You, Jieyun Ye, Yong Zhang, Qi Zou, Yunzeng Tongji Univ Shanghai East Hosp Dept Cardiol Sch Med Shanghai 200120 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Zhongshan Hosp Shanghai Inst Cardiovasc Dis Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Inst Biomed Sci Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Jiaozhoushi Peoples Hosp Dept Cardiol Qingdao 266300 Peoples R China

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a volume overload disease causing eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. There is currently no approved drug to treat patients with AR. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis is involved in many cardiovascular diseases, but whether they also participate in AR-induced heart failure is still elusive. In this study, we found ER stress activation in myocardial samples from patients with AR. With a unique murine model of AR which induced eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, we also found aggravation of cardiac ER stress and apoptosis, as evidenced by a reduction of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and an increase of caspase-3 cleavage. We then examined the signaling effectors involved in ER-initiated apoptosis and found volume overload specifically activated c/EBP homologous protein (cHOP), but not caspase-12 or Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Interestingly, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDcA), an ER stress inhibitor, improved cardiac function, and suppressed ER stress, apoptosis, and cHOP. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of cHOP inhibited cardiac Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction and caspase-3 activation and rescued cardiac dysfunction. In summary, our findings suggest that ER stress-cHOP signaling is involved in the development of volume overload cardiac hypertrophy induced by AR through promoting cardiomyocytes apoptosis and provide a previously unrecognized target in heart failure induced by volume overload.

关键词： Apoptosis Endoplasmic reticulum stress c EBP homologous protein Aortic regurgitation Volume overload

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Extinction Panic: c. S. Lewis and Planetary Nihilism

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MODERN LANGUAGE QUARTERLY 2023年第1期84卷 27-51页

作者： Harper, Tyler Austin Bates Coll Environm Studies Lewiston ME 04240 USA

Today figures like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos have become high-profile evangelists for private space exploration, arguing that interplanetary colonization is necessary to save human-ity from extinction. Although they may have the sheen of innovation, however, these ideas are not new. A century ago a coterie of British novelists, scientists, and social theorists writing dur-ing the interwar period became preoccupied with the possibility of human extinction and believed that such a fate might be avoided by taking human civilization to the stars. Watching these intellectual developments with a wary eye, a young c. S. Lewis was increasingly skeptical of both the "extinction panic" that gripped his contemporaries and the utilitarian and environmen-tally exploitative imagination of planetary conquest they championed. In response Lewis penned Out of the Silent Planet (1938), a novel that imagines three sentient species that have the means to prevent their own extinction but choose not to do so. Reading Lewis's novel as a critique of the rapacious ideologies that defined this strain of interwar speculation, this article suggests that the novel models how the humanities might effectively respond to the extinction panic and cosmic adventurism that grip our own imperiled twenty-first century.

关键词： extinction existential risk c S Lewis interwar science fiction

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