Dinoflagellates are amongst the most abundant and diverse groups of plankton in surface waters and contribute to food web productivity and c:N:P biogeochemistry. Here we analyse the c:N:P of marine, autotrophic, plank...
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Dinoflagellates are amongst the most abundant and diverse groups of plankton in surface waters and contribute to food web productivity and c:N:P biogeochemistry. Here we analyse the c:N:P of marine, autotrophic, planktonic dinoflagellates compiled from culture data from the scientific literature and test if dinoflagellate c:N:P differs from the Redfield ratio, and whether variability in c:N:P is associated with three traits: cell size, wall structure and toxin production. We find the average c:N:P of dinoflagellates is 90:12:1;higher in c:N, and lower in c:P and N:P than the canonical Redfield ratio. In aggregate the three traits examined here account for between 20-31% while taxonomic order accounts for between 37-38% of the variance in c:N:P. Smaller-sized and thecate taxa are higher in c:N, c:P and N:P than larger-size and athecate taxa. Species known to be able to produce c-rich toxins tend to be higher in c:P and N:P while species known to be able to produce N-rich toxins are lower in c:N, c:P and N:P relative to non-toxic species. These results indicate that any average estimate of dinoflagellate c:N:P will be influenced by the relative number of taxa with these traits.
Due to their elongated and polarized morphology, neurons rely on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for their shape, as well as for efficient intracellular transport that maintains neuronal function, survival, and conn...
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Due to their elongated and polarized morphology, neurons rely on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for their shape, as well as for efficient intracellular transport that maintains neuronal function, survival, and connectivity. Although all MTs are constructed from alpha-and ll-tubulins that are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes, different MT networks within neurons exhibit different dynamics and functions. For example, molecular motors must be able to differentially recognize the axonal and dendritic MTs to deliver appropriate cargos to sensory endings and synaptic regions. The Tubulin code hypothesis proposes that MTs can be specialized in form and function by chemical differences in their composition by inclusion of different alpha-and ll-tubulins into the MT lattice, as well as differences in post-translational enzymatic modifications. The chemical differences encode information that allow MTs to regulate interactions with various microtubule-based molecular motors such as kinesins and dyneins as well as with structural microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which can, in turn, modify the function or stability of ***, we review studies involving c. elegans, a model organism with a relatively simple nervous system that is amenable to genetic analysis, that have contributed to our understanding of how the Tubulin code can specialize neuronal MT networks to establish differences in neuronal morphology and function. Such studies have revealed molecules and mechanisms that are conserved in vertebrates and have the potential to inform our understanding of neurological diseases involving defects in the cytoskeleton and intracellular transport.
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:c) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that activates anti-infective innate immunity. The underlying mechanisms are identified as targeting pattern recognition ...
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Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:c) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that activates anti-infective innate immunity. The underlying mechanisms are identified as targeting pattern recognition receptors and Th1-inducing. However, whether poly I:c manipulates metabolism to implement this anti-infective function is unknown. Here, Gc-MS based metabolomics was used to characterize metabolic profiles induced by different doses of poly I:c. Analysis on the dose-dependent metabolomes shows that elevation of the TcA cycle and malate with the increasing dose of ploy I:c forms the most characteristic feature of the poly I:c stimulation. Exogenous malate activates the TcA cycle and elevates survival of zebrafish infected with Vibrio alginolyticus, which is related to the elevated expression of il-1b, il-6, il-8, tnf-a, and c3b. These results reveal a previously unknown regulation of poly I:c that boosts the TcA cycle to enhance innate immunity against bacterial infection.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological feature is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to the significant decrease o...
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological feature is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to the significant decrease of dopamine content in the striatum. Our recent studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant synthetic peptide (SVHRSP) have protective effects on neuroinflammation. In this study, using c. elegans induced by 6hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as neurodegenerative model, we investigated the effect of SVHRSP on dopaminergic neurons neurotoxicity. Our results implied that SVHRSP treatment could improve the motor capacity in 6OHDA-induced c. elegans and improve dopaminergic neuron mediated food sensitivity behavior. After SVHRSP treatment, dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by 6-OHDA was significantly prevented along with a decreased alpha-synuclein aggregation and restored lipid deposition in c. elegans induced by 6-OHDA. We also observed the reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after SVHRSP treatment in model-building c. elegans. In addition, the genes related to apoptosis, oxidative stress, like ctl-1, egl-1and cat-2 in c. elegans induced by 6-OHDA upregulated after treatment with SVHRSP. In conclusion, SVHRSP may impose anti-PD effect through its neuroprotective action on dopaminergic neurons. This study elucidates the effect and related mechanism of SVHRSP on PD and provides evidences for the therapeutic treatment of PD.
Introduction Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are infiltrative midline gliomas harboring H3K27M mutations and are generally associated with poor outcomes. H3K27M mutations include mutations in HIST1H3B/c (H3.1), HIST2H3...
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Introduction Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are infiltrative midline gliomas harboring H3K27M mutations and are generally associated with poor outcomes. H3K27M mutations include mutations in HIST1H3B/c (H3.1), HIST2H3B/D (H3.2), or H3F3A (H3.3) genes. It is still unclear whether these mutations each portend a universally poor prognosis, or if there are any factors which modulate outcome. The main objective of this study was to study overall survival (OS) of H3.1 versus H3.3 K27M-mutant DMGs in pediatric and adult patients. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched, and we included studies if they have individual patient data of DMGs with available H3K27M genotype. Kaplan-Meier analysis and cox regression models were used to analyze the survival of H3.1 and H3.3 mutations in each subgroup. Results We included 26 studies with 102 and 529 H3.1 and H3.3-mutant DMGs, respectively. The H3.1 mutation was more commonly seen in younger age. In pediatric population, H3.3 mutation conferred a shorter survival (median OS of 10.1 vs 14.2 months;p < 0.001) in comparison to H3.1-positive patients, which was further confirmed in the multivariate cox analysis. conversely, H3.3 was associated with a prolonged survival in adult patients as compared with H3.1 mutation (median OS of 14.4 vs 1.7 months;p = 0.019). conclusion We demonstrated that the prognosis of H3.1 and H3.3 K27M mutation in DMG patients is modulated by patient age. Routine H3K27M mutation genotyping in newly diagnosed DMGs may further stratify patients with these difficult tumors.
Background Protein-protein interactions form the basis of every organism and thus, investigating their dynamics, intracellular protein localization, trafficking and interactions of distinct proteins such as receptors ...
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Background Protein-protein interactions form the basis of every organism and thus, investigating their dynamics, intracellular protein localization, trafficking and interactions of distinct proteins such as receptors and their ligand-binding are of general interest. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a powerful tool to investigate these aspects in vitro. Since in vitro approaches mostly neglect the more complex in vivo situation, we established BRET as an in vivo tool for studying protein interactions in the nematode c. elegans. Results We generated worms expressing NanoBRET sensors and elucidated the interaction of two ligand-G protein-coupled receptor (GPcR) pairs, the neuropeptide receptor NPR-11 and the Adhesion GPcR LAT-1. Furthermore, we adapted the enhanced bystander BRET technology to measure subcellular protein localization. Using this approach, we traced ligand-induced internalization of NPR-11 in vivo. conclusions Our results indicate that in vivo NanoBRET is a tool to investigate specific protein interactions and localization in a physiological setting in real time in the living organism c. elegans.
ceRNA effect was an important regulation mode of miRNA mediated bio-activities, however, most of the researches of ceRNA were on ncRNAs synergetic with mRNAs, the exploration of ceRNA effect regulated mRNA interaction...
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ceRNA effect was an important regulation mode of miRNA mediated bio-activities, however, most of the researches of ceRNA were on ncRNAs synergetic with mRNAs, the exploration of ceRNA effect regulated mRNA interaction was still lack of. Besides, c/EBPa was one of the most crucial adipogenic regulators, which has been demonstrated to form a protein complex with FOXO1 to mediate AdipoQ expression. So that, we try to explore whether the ceRNA effect mediated the interaction of c/EBPa and FOXO1, and identified the key miRNAs of their ceRNA effect. In this paper, we found the ceRNA effect of c/EBPa and FOXO1 mediated their protein complex formation, furthermore regulated its transcriptional role for AdipoQ, thereby influencing pre-adipocytes adipogenesis. More importantly, we demonstrated that the miR-144 was the decisive factor that mediated the ceRNA effect of c/EBPa and FOXO1 to influence AdipoQ, thus regulated pre-adipocytes adipogenesis. This research will provide a new supplementary idea of the miRNA role in mediating coding RNA interaction that regulates pre-adipocyte adipogenesis. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Background Nucleosome-mediated chromatin compaction has a direct effect on the accessibility of trans-acting activators and repressors to DNA targets and serves as a primary regulatory agent of genetic expression. Und...
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Background Nucleosome-mediated chromatin compaction has a direct effect on the accessibility of trans-acting activators and repressors to DNA targets and serves as a primary regulatory agent of genetic expression. Understanding the nature and dynamics of chromatin is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms and factors that epigenetically regulate gene expression. Previous work has shown that there are three types of canonical sequences that strongly regulate nucleosome positioning and thus chromatin accessibility: putative nucleosome-positioning elements, putative nucleosome-repelling sequences, and homopolymeric runs of A/T. It is postulated that these elements can be used to remodel chromatin in c. elegans. Here we show the utility of such elements in vivo, and the extreme efficacy of a newly discovered repelling sequence, PRS-322. Results In this work, we show that it is possible to manipulate nucleosome positioning in c. elegans solely using canonical and putative positioning sequences. We have not only tested previously described sequences such as the Widom 601, but also have tested additional nucleosome-positioning sequences: the Trifonov sequence, putative repelling sequence-322 (PRS-322), and various homopolymeric runs of A and T nucleotides. conclusions Using each of these types of putative nucleosome-positioning sequences, we demonstrate their ability to alter the nucleosome profile in c. elegans as evidenced by altered nucleosome occupancy and positioning in vivo. Additionally, we show the effect that PRS-322 has on nucleosome-repelling and chromatin remodeling.
Due to the poor conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), it is challenging to directly employ MOFs as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MW...
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Due to the poor conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), it is challenging to directly employ MOFs as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWcNT) was used to decorate ZnO/c obtained from the prior calcination of pristine zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and applied as electrode material for supercapacitor application. The resulting ZnO/c@f-MWcNT electrode exhibits excellent storage performance, as confirmed by the specificcapacitance of 650 F/g at 1 A/g and a superior energy/power density compared to the single electrode. Additionally, the composite electrode displayed remarkable cycling stability of 70% after 5000 cycles and retained 75% of its initial capacitance at 10 A/g, demonstrating good rate cyclability. The exceptional performance of ZnO/c@f-MWcNT was attributed to the synergistic effects offered by f-MWcNT which improved its electrical conductivity and ZnO/c that provided sufficient redox-active sites and structural stability. This work may promote the design of advanced MOF-based nanocomposites for energy storage application.
A Si layer with a thickness of 100 nm and a 50 nm c layer were sputtered on copper-based graphene by magnetron sputtering to form a Graphene/Si/ccomposite nanolayer electrode. The lithium storage performance was stud...
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A Si layer with a thickness of 100 nm and a 50 nm c layer were sputtered on copper-based graphene by magnetron sputtering to form a Graphene/Si/ccomposite nanolayer electrode. The lithium storage performance was studied by the constant current charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry test, cycle performance test, and Ac impedance test. The results show that the reversible capacity of the Graphene/Si/c thin film electrode has a serious decay in the early cycle, with an average decay of 1.79 mAh/g per cycle within 200 cycles;the decay is relatively gentle in the latter stage, with an average decay of 0.723 mAh/g per cycle after 1000 cycles. By comparing the SEM and EDS before and after cycling, it was found that the film was broken after cycling, resulting in the loss of active substances.
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