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Method for designing ternary adder cells based on cNFETs

IET cIRcUITS DEVIcES & SYSTEMS 2017年第5期11卷 465-470页

作者： Tabrizchi, Sepehr Panahi, Atiyeh Sharifi, Fazel Navi, Keivan Bagherzadeh, Nader Islamic Azad Univ Sci & Res Branch Dept Comp Engn Tehran Iran Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM Sch Comp Sci Tehran *** Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Nanotechnol & Quantum Comp Lab GC Tehran Iran Univ Kentucky Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lexington KY USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Irvine CA USA

Recently multiple valued logic has attracted the attention of digital system designers. Scalable threshold voltage values of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (cNFETs) can easily be utilised for multiple-V-t circuit designs. In this study, a novel energy-efficient method for designing one-digit adder is proposed. The suggested design employ ternary multiplexers to select successor and predecessor of input trits for the output node values. This study describes the novel ternary multiplexer, successor and predecessor cells. The proposed full adder design is evaluated using HSPIcE simulation with the standard 32 nm cNFET technology under different operational conditions, including different supply voltages, variation of output load and various operational temperatures. In addition, the sensitivity to process variations of the design is investigated. Finally, the proposed designs are compared with state-of-the-art ternary circuits and based on the simulation results, the proposed full adder cell decreases the power consumption up to 2.3 times lower than the best existing techniques in the literature.

关键词： adders carbon nanotube field effect transistors logic design multiplexing equipment ternary adder cell multiple valued logic digital system designer scalable threshold voltage carbon nanotube field-effect transistor multiple-V-t circuit design energy-efficient method one-digit adder design ternary multiplexer successor cell predecessor cell HSPIcE simulation standard cNFET technology power consumption size 32 nm c

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Frequency of Various Risk Factors in HcV Positive Patients in Initial Diagnostic Phase

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2018年第2期6卷 23-36页

作者： Anwar Ali Jamali Ghulam Mustafa Jamali Ameer Ali Jamali Bhojo Mal Tanwani Niaz Hussain Jamali Arsalan Ahmer Rajput Moti Ram Bhatia Department of Medicine Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Pediatrics Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Physiology Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Pharmacy Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Psychiatry Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah Pakistan

Viral hepatitis c is a type of illness, which is transmitted to patients by different methods in world. Here we will identify the different common risk factors for transmission of viral hepatitis c in our setup. Aim of study was to determine frequency of various risk factors in HcV positive patients. This study was cross sectional and conducted Department of Medicine PMc Hospital at Nawabshah. Duration of this study was one year from April 2016 to March 2017. After taking informed written consent, 243 diseased persons with positive anti Hepatitis c Antibodies were incorporated in this research. Frequency of variables i.e. Hepatitis c virus risk factors and different other demographic results was collected on preformed proforma. In total of 243 subjects there were 165 (67.9%) male and 78 (32.1%) females respectively. Most of the subjects have more than one risk factor. 19 (7.8%) had history of blood and blood products transfusion. IV drug abuse was detected in 08 (3.3%). Homosexuality and heterosexuality were observed in 14 (5.8%) and 12 (4.9%) subjects respectively. History of dental procedure was seen in 31 (12.8%). 228 (93.8%) had history of needle pricking in different ways. History of different surgical procedures was observed in 33 (13.8%). calculated Mean and Standard Deviation for age was 39.2 ± 10.3 years. It was concluded that proper implementation of precautionary measures should be carried out for every human being to reduce burden of HcV illness in far near future.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis c Anti HcV Antibodies Risk Factors

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comparative study between the fracture stress of poly- and single-crystalline graphene using a novel nanoelectromechanical system structure

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第11期12卷 907-912页

作者： Ng, Jimmy chen, Qi Xie, Ya-Hong Wang, Albert Wu, Tianru Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Mat Sci & Engn Los Angeles CA 90024 USA Univ Calif Riverside Dept Elect & Comp Engn Riverside CA 92521 USA Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol State Key Lab Funct Mat Informat 865 Changning Rd Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China

Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material with extraordinary mechanical properties. However, recent studies have found that the presence of grain boundaries significantly decreases fracture stress of graphene, warranting further investigation. This work reports the development of a new method to measure the fracture stress of monolayer graphene with a novel nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) structure. Suspended graphene ribbon devices with a range of geometries were electrostatically actuated while the graphene sheet was pinned down with various nail structures. By recording the electromechanical responses at fracture and using finite element simulations, the fracture stress was calculated. Using this novel NEMS structure, the fracture stress of polycrystalline graphene grown using conventional chemical vapour deposition (cVD) and single-crystalline graphene grown using local feeding cVD were found to be approximate to 30 and approximate to 90 GPa, respectively.

关键词： fracture graphene grain boundaries monolayers chemical vapour deposition graphene devices nanoelectromechanical devices fracture stress polycrystalline graphene single-crystalline graphene two-dimensional carbon material mechanical properties grain boundaries monolayer graphene novel nanoelectromechanical system structure suspended graphene ribbon devices electrostatical actuation graphene sheet nail structures electromechanical responses hnite element simulations novel NEMS structure chemical vapour deposition local feeding cVD c

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Modelling and performance analysis of dielectric inserted side contact multilayer graphene nanoribbon interconnects

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IET cIRcUITS DEVIcES & SYSTEMS 2017年第3期11卷 232-240页

作者： Mekala, Girish Kumar Agrawal, Yash chandel, Rajeevan NIT Hamirpur Elect & Commun Engn Dept Hamirpur 177005 Himachal Prades India

In this work, performance of dielectric inserted side contact multilayer graphene nanoribbon (Di-side-GNR) coupled interconnects using unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (USFDTD) technique has been investigated. The model developed for the same, overcomes the limitation of courant stability criterion prevalent in the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The proposed model accurately analyses the crosstalk effect in copper (cu), side contact multilayer graphene nanoribbon and Di-side-GNR interconnects. It is found that the crosstalk effect is least in Di-side-GNR amongst the three types of interconnect considered in this study. The proposed model and HSPIcE simulation results match closely. Further, for transient analysis USFDTD technique based proposed model takes nearly 1.5 times lesser cPU runtime compared to the conventional FDTD technique.

关键词： dielectric materials graphene nanoribbons integrated circuit interconnections finite difference time-domain analysis integrated circuit modelling crosstalk copper performance analysis dielectric inserted side contact multilayer graphene nanoribbon interconnects di-side-GNR coupled interconnects unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain technique USFDTD technique courant stability criterion crosstalk effect HSPIcE simulation transient analysis cu c

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Service performance of nanopins based on branched carbon nanotubes

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第12期12卷 934-939页

作者： Zhang, Zhong-Qiang Zhong, Jun Liu, Zhen cheng, Guang-Gui Ding, Jian-Ning Jiangsu Univ Micro Nano Sci & Technol Ctr Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Changzhou Univ Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Photovolta Sci & E Changzhou 213164 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Sch Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Zhenjiang 212003 Peoples R China

Service performance of nanopins based on different branched carbon nanotubes (cNTs) including the 45 degrees Y-type cNT, the 45 degrees V-type cNT, the 90 degrees Y-type cNT, and the T-type cNT have been investigated using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The Y-type cNT is the most cost-effective while there is adequate room to improve its service performance. The installed V-type cNT always has a trend of leaving from the silicon hole, and thus it would better be used with another nanopin cooperatively. For the 90 degrees Y-type cNT, the installation resistance and the unloading force are almost in the same order of magnitude while the installation in pushing approach is relatively easier than that in pulling approach. Interestingly, the attraction between the silicon hole and the T-type cNT can mislead the branch, resulting in the failed installation of the T-type cNT consequently.

关键词： carbon nanotubes molecular dynamics method installation service performance nanopins branched carbon nanotubes 45° Y-type cNT 45° V-type cNT 90° Y-type cNT T-type cNT classical molecular dynamics simulations silicon hole installation resistance unloading force pushing approach c

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Systematic development of a two-stage fed-batch process for lipid accumulation in Rhodotorula glutinis

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JOURNAL OF BIOTEcHNOLOGY 2017年 246卷 4-15页

作者： Lorenz, Eric Runge, Dennis Marba-Ardebol, Anna-Maria Schmacht, Maximilian Stahl, Ulf Senz, Martin Berlin Univ Technol Inst Biotechnol Berlin Germany Res & Teaching Inst Brewing Berlin Dept Bioproc Engn & Appl Microbiol Berlin Germany

The application of oleaginous yeast cells as feed supplement, for instance in aqua culture, can be a meaningful alternative for fish meal and oil additives. Therefore, a two-stage fed-batch process split into growth and lipogenesis phase was systematically developed to enrich the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis Rh-00301 with high amounts of lipids at industrial relevant biomasses. Thereby, the different carbon sources glucose, sucrose and glycerol were investigated concerning their abilities to serve as a suited raw material for growth and/or lipid accumulation. With the background of economic efficiency c/N ratios of 40, 50 and 70 were investigated as well. It became apparent that glycerol is an improper carbon source most likely because of the passive diffusion of this compound caused by absence of active transporters. The opposite was observed for sucrose, which is the main carbon source in molasses. Finally, an industrially applicable process was successfully established that ensures biomasses of 106 +/- 2 g L-1 combined with an attractive lipid content of 63 +/- 6% and a high lipid-substrate yield (Yus) of 0.18 +/- 0.02 gg(-1) in a short period of time (84h). Furthermore, during these studies a non-negligible formation of the byproduct glycerol was detected. This characteristic of R. glutinis is discussed related to other oleaginous yeasts, where glycerol formation is absent. Nevertheless, due to modifications in the feeding procedure, the formation of glycerol could have been reduced but not avoided. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： c carbon cDW cell dry weight FAMEs fatty acid methyl esters FID flame ionization detector FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Gc gas chromatography G3P glycerol 3-phosphate GPP glycerol-3-phosphatase HPLc high performance liquid chromatography ScOs single cell oils STY space-time-yield RFU relative fluorescence unit N nitrogen PBS phosphate buffered saline TAG triacylglycerol WMIX white molasses medium version number IX Oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis carbon source Process development Two-stage fed-batch c/N ratio

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HcV clearance by direct antiviral therapy and occurrence/recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma:still an issue?

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Hepatoma Research 2018年第6期4卷 90-103页

作者： Francesco Paolo Russo Martina Tessari Angela Imondi Erica Nicola Lynch Fabio Farinati Department of Surgery Oncology and GastroenterologySection of GastroenterologyPadua University HospitalPadua 35128Italy

New regimens with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) agents have changed both efficacy and safety of hepatitis c virus (HcV)-treatment, as almost all patients can be treated and cured at any stage of liver disease. The rates of sustained virological response to currently available combinations exceed 95% in real-life practice. However, conflicting results have been produced on the occurrence/recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) in patients with HcV-associated cirrhosis treated with DAAs. In this review we analyse the data available in the literature in order to elucidate the impact of DAAs on the risk of Hcc occurrence in patients without previous history of tumor, and of recurrence after successful treatment of the tumor. Data on 'de novo' Hcc incidence were quite homogeneous, suggesting that the treatment with DAAs does not modify the risk of Hcc developing during the first 6-12 months after HcV eradication. On the contrary, Hcc recurrence rates after DAAs were extremely variable across different studies, reflecting a large heterogeneity in this clinical setting. The possibility that treatment with DAAs may favour tumour growth and spread in individual patients with active Hcc foci is supported by some observations but remains unproven.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus direct-acting antivirals eradication hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence recurrence

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Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Graphene Quantum Dots/Graphene for Efficient Photodetector

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第15-16期3卷 817-824页

作者： Gupta, Sanju Walden, Jared Banaszak, Alexander carrizosa, Sara B. Western Kentucky Univ Dept Phys & Astron Bowling Green KY 42101 USA Western Kentucky Univ Adv Mat Inst Bowling Green KY 42101 USA Western Kentucky Univ Dept Elect Engn Bowling Green KY 42101 USA Western Kentucky Univ Dept Chem Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional material with characteristics derived from functionalized graphene precursors are graphene sheets a few nanometers in the lateral dimension having a several-layer thickness. combining the structure of graphene with the quantum confinement and edge effects, GQDs possess unique chemical behavior and physical properties. Intense research activity in GQDs is attributed to their novel phenomena of charge transport and light absorption and photoluminescence excitation. The optical transitions are known to be available up to 6 eV in GQDs, applicable for ultraviolet photonics and optoelectronics devices, biomedical imaging capabilities and technologies. We present facile hydrothermal and solvothermal methods for synthesizing homogenous dispersed and uniform sized GQDs with a strong greenish and violet blue emission peaks at similar to 10-14% yield. This approach enabled a large-scale production of aqueous GQD dispersions without the need for chemical stabilizers. The structure and emission mechanism of the GQDs have been studied by combining extensive characterization techniques and rigorous control experiments. We further demonstrate the distinctive advantages of such GQDs as high-performance photodetectors (PDs). Here we also report high-efficient photocurrent (Pc) behaviors consisting of multilayer GQDs sandwiched between monolayer graphene sheets. It is conceivable that the observed unique PD characteristics proved to be dominated by tunneling of charge carriers which occurs through the multiple energy states within the bandgap of GQDs, based on bias-dependent variation of the band profiles. This results in novel dark current and Pc behaviors. The external quantum efficiency (eta) is predicted to be 47% at applied potential 2 V. These findings highlight rich photophysics and comparable performance of graphene/graphene oxide hybrids opening up potential applications as optoelectronic devices.

关键词： c defects solution deposition

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SYNTHESIS AND cHARAcTERIZATION OF 3D cARBON NANOTUBES

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第1-2期3卷 103-108页

作者： Kharissova, Oxana V. Ortega Garcia, Beatrix Arquieta Guillen, Patsy Y. Galindo cuevas, Hugo V. Selvas Aguilar, Romeo Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon FCFM Fac Phys Math Sci Monterrey NL Mexico Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon FCB Biol Sci Fac Monterrey NL Mexico

A nanomaterial that attracts the attention in a variety of research areas is multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWcNTs), due to their good mechanical proprieties, and high electrical and thermal conductivity. For this reason, the preparation of three-dimensional (3D) structures from them draws interest because it opens new horizons to produce materials with novel properties and useful applications. In this investigation the synthesis of 3D nanotube carbon (nanoforest type) functionalized with nanoparticles of silver, aluminum, and iron was studied. A 3D structure was produced in the form of aligned microchannels. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes with nanoparticles of silver, aluminum or iron during the synthesis process of carbon nanotubes, was carried out through spray-pyrolysis with different synthesis time and solution concentration. The results were characterized through microscopy SEM, TEM and Raman's spectroscopy.

关键词： c nanostructure nanoscale

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Hepatitis c virus reinfection after liver transplant: New chances and new challenges in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 532-538页

作者： Kerstin Herzer Guido Gerken Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Essen Department of General Visceral and Transp-lantation Surgery University Hospital Essen

The first interferon-free regimens have been approved for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV). In the liver transplant(LT) setting, these regimens are expected to have an important effect, because graft loss due to HcV recurrence is a serious problem after LT. The response to the hitherto conventional treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin is poor. The significantly better responserates achieved with boceprevir-based and telaprevirbased triple therapy have led to better graft and patient survival rates, but severe drug interactions with immunosuppressants limit the feasibility of this therapy for LT patients. With the approval of sofosbuvir in January 2014, of simeprevir in May 2014, and of daclatasvir in August 2014, three antiviral agents are now available and promise to be applicable without relevant adverse effects or negative interactions with immunosuppressants. Thus, 2014 marks the beginning of a new era of treatment options for HcV recurrence after LT. Although safety and efficacy studies of several interferon-free regimens for patients with HcV recurrence after LT have achieved good preliminary results, reports of clinical experiences with LT patients are scarce. The lack of randomized studies, the small number of enrolled and carefully selected patients, and the heterogeneity of these studies make the results questionable. Real-life experiences are eagerly awaited so that clinicians can estimate the usefulness and the pitfalls of these new regimens. Additionally, the high costs of these agents may limit their accessibility for many patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the current experience with and the expectations of the new direct-acting antiviral agents for LT patients.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Liver transplant Interferon Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Daclatasvir

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