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Dendritic cells: The warriors upfront-turned defunct in chronic hepatitis c infection

World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第19期7卷 2202-2208页

作者： Meenakshi Sachdeva Yogesh K chawla Sunil K Arora Department of Immuno-pathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Hepatology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection causes tremendousmorbidity and mortality with over 170 million people infected worldwide. HcV gives rise to a sustained, chronic disease in the majority of infected individuals owing to a failure of the host immune system to clear the virus. In general, an adequate immune response is elicited by an efficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells(Dcs), the cells that connect innate and adaptive immune system to generate a specific immune response against a pathogen. However, HcV seems to dysregulate the activity of Dcs, making them less proficient antigen presenting cells for the optimal stimulation of virusspecific T cells, hence interfering with an optimal antiviral immune response. There are discordant reports on the functional status of Dcs in chronic HcV infection(cHc), from no phenotypic or functional defects to abnormal functions of Dcs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms behind the impairment of Dc function are even so not completely elucidated during cHc. Understanding the mechanisms of immune dysfunction would help in devising strategies for better management of the disease at the immunological level and help to predict the prognosis of the disease in the patients receiving antiviral therapy. In this review, we have discussed the outcomes of the interaction of Dcs with HcV and the mechanisms of Dc impairment during HcV infection with its adverse effects on the immune response in the infected host.

关键词： Dendritic cells Hepatitis c Mechanism of functiona

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Method for designing ternary adder cells based on cNFETs

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IET cIRcUITS DEVIcES & SYSTEMS 2017年第5期11卷 465-470页

作者： Tabrizchi, Sepehr Panahi, Atiyeh Sharifi, Fazel Navi, Keivan Bagherzadeh, Nader Islamic Azad Univ Sci & Res Branch Dept Comp Engn Tehran Iran Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM Sch Comp Sci Tehran *** Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Nanotechnol & Quantum Comp Lab GC Tehran Iran Univ Kentucky Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lexington KY USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Irvine CA USA

Recently multiple valued logic has attracted the attention of digital system designers. Scalable threshold voltage values of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (cNFETs) can easily be utilised for multiple-V-t circuit designs. In this study, a novel energy-efficient method for designing one-digit adder is proposed. The suggested design employ ternary multiplexers to select successor and predecessor of input trits for the output node values. This study describes the novel ternary multiplexer, successor and predecessor cells. The proposed full adder design is evaluated using HSPIcE simulation with the standard 32 nm cNFET technology under different operational conditions, including different supply voltages, variation of output load and various operational temperatures. In addition, the sensitivity to process variations of the design is investigated. Finally, the proposed designs are compared with state-of-the-art ternary circuits and based on the simulation results, the proposed full adder cell decreases the power consumption up to 2.3 times lower than the best existing techniques in the literature.

关键词： adders carbon nanotube field effect transistors logic design multiplexing equipment ternary adder cell multiple valued logic digital system designer scalable threshold voltage carbon nanotube field-effect transistor multiple-V-t circuit design energy-efficient method one-digit adder design ternary multiplexer successor cell predecessor cell HSPIcE simulation standard cNFET technology power consumption size 32 nm c

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Extent of natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated site in Denmark

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Energy Procedia 2018年 146卷 188-193页

作者： Adrian A. Schiefler Dominique J. Tobler Niels D. Overheu Nina Tuxen Capital Region of Denmark Kongens Vænge 2 3400 Hillerød Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark

chlorinated solvents contaminated soils and aquifers are a widespread problem in industrialized countries and many require clean-up due to the risk of contaminant flow into groundwater systems. clean-up is costly and often invasive, thus there is high interest in stimulating natural attenuation processes. For this, first an assessment of the type and extent of natural attenuation present at the site is required. Here, we present chemical, isotopic and microbial analyses of waters collected at a chlorinated ethene contaminated site in Denmark to give insights into natural attenuation processes. The data gives indication of complete reductive dechlorination by microbial communities but their extent varies greatly across short distances and between the different geological layers. The data further indicates that overall, chlorinated ethene degradation through natural attenuation is small at this site but near surface degradation due to aerobic co-metabolism or abiotic geochemical reduction could potentially play a role.

关键词： chlorinated solvents remediation compound stable isotope analysis 13 c

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Methodology to assess distribution transformer thermal capacity for uptake of low carbon technologies

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第7期11卷 1645-1651页

作者： Gao, Yuan Patel, Beval Liu, Qiang Wang, Zhongdong Bryson, Geraldine Univ Manchester Sch Elect & Elect Engn Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England Elect North West Ltd 304 Bridgewater PlBirchwood Pk Warrington WA3 6XG Cheshire England

Low-voltage network is concerned on the penetration of low carbon technologies. Distribution transformer thermal capacity is one of the most concerned, due to the aged and capital-intensive nature of the transformer fleet. Extensive studies have been done on this topic, and most of them have applied exiting thermal models such as IEc 60076 thermal model to estimate the hot-spot temperature (HST). However, it is lack of consideration on how accurate the thermal model is or how to refine the thermal model for more accurate estimation of HST. In this study, a methodology is introduced to improve the accuracy of IEc thermal model by refining its thermal parameters based on measured temperature data during the heat run test. Verification of the methodology under one 1 MVA 6.6/0.415 kV distribution transformer shows that the accuracy of predicting the HST is improved by reducing the maximum error from 25.8 to 3.6 K under constant loads and 8.15 to 4.16 K under cyclic loads. Also, a worst-case scenario study under the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) shows the maximum penetration level of EVs is improved by 9% by applying refined thermal parameters to estimate the HST of the distribution transformer.

关键词： thermal analysis temperature 8.15 K to 4.16 K IEc 60076 thermal model c HST prediction low carbon technology HST distribution transformer thermal capacity assessment thermal models distribution networks heat run test low-voltage network Distribution networks Transformers and reactors apparent power 1 MVA hot-spot temperature estimation power transformers carbon EVs electric vehicle penetration voltage 6.6 kV temperature data voltage 0.415 kV

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Dynamic Air-Brush Deposition Method for the New Generation of Graphene Based Supercapacitors

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第1-2期3卷 79-84页

作者： Hondavalli, Paolo Pognon, Gregory Koumoulos, Elias charitidis, costas Natl Technol Univ Athens Thales Res & Technol Chem & Multifonct Mat Lab Athens Greece Natl Technol Univ Athens Sch Chem Engn Dept Mat Sci & Engn Athens Greece

This contribution deals with the fabrication of a new generation of supercapacitors for harsh environment (avionics) based on nanostructures layers fabricated by spray-gun deposition method. Thanks to the fabrication of electrodes using spray-gun and the utilization of specific ionic liquids developed at Thales, we were able to achieve a capacitance of 20F/g (for a whole cell) and a power of 40kW/kg using carbon nanofibres (cNFs) mixed with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). These results are not the higher values obtained in literature but they are extremely interesting considering that the final device needs to stand temperature between -55 degrees c and +105 degrees c for avionics applications and that no commercial supercaps in the world are able to work in this interval. Only using these ionic liquids and the specific electrodes, it is possible. These supercapacitors were fabricated using spray-gun deposition method which is an extremely interesting technique from an industrial point of view considering that it can be easily implemented in roll-to-roll fabrication.

关键词： energy storage nanostructure c

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of interferon-free treatment for chronic HcV hepatitis - experience of a single center

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Hepatoma Research 2018年第1期4卷 21-30页

作者： Elena Laura Iliescu Adriana Mercan-Stanciu Letitia Toma Elena Simona Ioanitescu Radu Dumitru Daniel Rusie Department of Internal Medicine II Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Department of Interventional Radiology Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Department of General Surgery Clinical Emergency HospitalBucharest 014461Romania

Aim: This study aims to analyze the particularities of hepatitis c induced hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc), developed during or after treatment with direct-acting antivirals. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study on 278 patients, who underwent treatment for hepatitis c related liver cirrhosis and respectively for F3 chronic hepatitis c. Liver status was assessed using biological parameters and imagistic evaluation (ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging). Results: The follow-up time was 14 months. Before therapy, 69.3% of the cirrhotic patients and 26.7% of those with F3 degree of liver fibrosis had high levels of alpha-fetoprotein, with no imagistic evidence of Hcc. During treatment, Hcc was confirmed in 5 patients, 2 of them presenting portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Antiviral therapy was not interrupted. Two patients developed Hcc at the end of treatment, while 4 of them were diagnosed with Hcc after three months of ending the treatment. Excepting the ones with PVT, all patients underwent trans-arterial chemoembolization. conclusion: All patients acquired sustained virological response. The screening for Hcc should not be stopped after achievement of sustained virological response. Patients who develop Hcc after antiviral treatment often need to be evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in order to detect the extensionof the disease.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus direct-acting antiviral therapy hepatocellular carcinoma trans-arterial chemoembolization

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Understanding and Fixing Multiple Language Interoperability Issues: The c/Fortran case 16

Understanding and Fixing Multiple Language Interoperability ...

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38th IEEE/AcM International conference on Software Engineering (IcSE)

作者： Sultana, Nawrin Middleton, Justin Overbey, Jeffrey Hafiz, Munawar Auburn Univ Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Auburn AL 36849 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450339001

We performed an empirical study to understand interoperability issues in c and Fortran programs. c/Fortran interoperability is very common and is representative of general language interoperability issues, such as how interfaces between languages are defined and how data types are shared. Fortran presents an additional challenge, since several ad hoc approaches to c/Fortran interoperability were in use long before a standard mechanism was defined. We explored 20 applications, automatically analyzing over 12 million lines of code. We found that only 3% of interoperability instances follow the ISO standard to describe interfaces;the rest follow a combination of compiler-dependent ad hoc approaches. Several parameters in cross-language functions did not have standards-compliant interoperable types, and about one-fourth of the parameters that were passed by reference could be passed by value. We propose that automated refactoring tools may provide a viable way to migrate programs to use the new interoperability features. We present two refactorings to transform code for this purpose and one refactoring to evolve code thereafter;all of these are instances of multiple language refactorings.

关键词： c Fortran language interoperability polyglot refactoring

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Ultrathin Poly(glycidyl ether) coatings on Polystyrene for Temperature-Triggered Human Dermal Fibroblast Sheet Fabrication

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AcS BIOMATERIALS ScIENcE & ENGINEERING 2017年第9期3卷 2155-2165页

作者： Stoebener, Daniel David Uckert, Melanie cuellar-camacho, Jose Luis Hoppensack, Anke Weinhart, Marie Free Univ Berlin Inst Chem & Biochem Takustr 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany

The fabrication of cell sheets is a major requirement for bottom-up tissue engineering purposes (e.g., cell sheet engineering) and regenerative medicine. Employing thermoresponsive polymer coatings as tissue culture substrates allows for the mild, temperature-triggered detachment of intact cell sheets along with their extracellular matrix (EcM). It has been shown before that biocompatible, thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) monolayers on gold substrates can be utilized to harvest confluent cell sheets by simply reducing the temperature to 20 degrees c. Herein, we report on the first poly(glycidyl ether)-based coating on an application-relevant tissue culture plastic substrate. We devised a simple, substrate-geometry-independent method to functionalize polystyrene (PS) surfaces from dilute ethanolic solution via the physical adsorption process of a thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) block copolymer (PGE) bearing a short, hydrophobic, and photoreactive benzophenone (BP) anchor block. Subsequently, the PGE-coated PS is UV-irradiated for covalent photoimmobilization of the polymer on the PS substrate. Online monitoring of the adsorption process via QcM-D measurements and detailed characterization of the resulting coatings via AFM, ellipsometry, and water contact angle (cA) measurements revealed the formation of an ultrathin PGE layer with an average dry thickness of 0.7 +/- 0.1 nm. Adhesion and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on PGE-coated PS and tissue culture PS (TcPS) were comparable. For temperature-triggered detachment, fibroblasts were cultured in PGE-coated PS culture dishes at 37 degrees c for 24 h until they reached confluency. Intact cell sheets could be harvested from the thermoresponsive substrates within 51 +/- 17 min upon cooling to 20 degrees c, whereas sheets could not be harvested from uncoated PS and TcPS control dishes. Live/dead staining and flow cytometry affirmed a high viability of the fibroblasts within the cell sheets. Hence, ult

关键词： thermoresponsive polymer coating cell sheet detachment photoimmobilization physical adsorption c H-insertion

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Guidelines for Authors

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chinese Physics c 2019年第8期43卷 I0001-I0002页

*** and scope chinese Physics c (cPc) publishes original research papers, letters and reviews, covering theory and experiments in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, particle and nuclear astrophysics, and cosmology. *** Manuscripts must be submitted through the online submission system at http://***. Submissions by email will not be accepted. By submitting a paper for publication in cPc, the authors imply that the material has not been published previously nor has been submitted for publication elsewhere.

关键词： chinese Physics c (cPc) particle physics covering theory

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Autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis c: A clinical perspective

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第8期7卷 1074-1085页

作者： Janaína Luz Narciso-Schiavon Leonardo de Lucca Schiavon Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology Division Federal University of Santa Catarina

Non-organ-specific autoantibodies and thyroid autoantibodies have been frequently found in chronic carriers of hepatitis c virus(HcV). With respect to endomysial antibodies and tissue transglutaminase, it is controversial whether the prevalence of glutenrelated seromarkers is higher in patients with HcV. In such cases, in addition to acknowledging any currently existing autoimmune disease, recognizing the risk of the patient developing an autoimmune disease during interferon(IFN)-based treatment must be a principle concern. From a clinical point-of-view, the presence of autoantibodies arouses suspicion that an autoimmunedisease may be present or may be precipitated by IFNbased HcV treatment. In this paper, we review the prevalence of autoantibodies in individuals with hepatitis c, the clinical significance of these autoantibodies, and the approach recommended for such situations.

关键词： Hepatitis c Autoimmunity Antibodies Antinuclear Hepatitis Autoimmune Thyroid diseases Hashimoto disease Thyroglobulin celiac disease Transglutaminases Diarrhea Interferon-alpha

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