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Management of patients with hepatitis c infection and renal disease

World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第2期7卷 213-225页

作者： chalermrat Bunchorntavakul Monthira Maneerattanaporn Disaya chavalitdhamrong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Rajavithi Hospital College of Medicine Rangsit University Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Siriraj Hospital Faculty of Medicine Mahidol University Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida Gainesville

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD) is associated with more rapid liver disease progression and reduced renal graft and patients' survival following kidney transplantation. Evaluations and management of HcV in patients with renal disease are challenging. The pharmacokinetics of interferons(IFN), ribavirin(RBV) and some direct acting antiviral(DAA), such as sofosbuvir, are altered in patients with ESRD. With dose adjustment and careful monitoring, treatment of HcV in patients with ESRD can be associated with sustained virological response(SVR) rates nearly comparable to that of patients with normal renal function. DAA-based regimens, especially the IFNfree and RBV-free regimens, are theoretically preferred for patients with ESRD and KT in order to increase SVR rates and to reduce treatment side effects. However, based on the data for pharmacokinetics, dosing safety and efficacy of DAA for patients with severe renal impairment are lacking. This review will be focused on the evaluations, available pharmacologic data, and management of HcV in patients with severe renal impairment, patients who underwent KT, and those who suffered from HcV-related renal disease, according to the available treatment options, including DAA.

关键词： Hepatitis c Renal disease chronic kidneydisease Dialysis Interferon Direct acting antivirals cryoglobulinemia

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Thermionic electron emission from single carbon nanostructures and its applications in vacuum nanoelectronics

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MRS BULLETIN 2017年第7期42卷 493-499页

作者： Wei, Xianlong chen, Qing Peng, Lian-Mao Peking Univ Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices Dept Elect Beijing Peoples R China

Nanoscale electron sources with high electron-emitting performance are of great interest in vacuum nanoelectronics. Resembling traditional thermionic emission sources based on a hot tungsten filament, a hot carbon nanotube or graphene can function as a nanoscale electron source because of its excellent thermal stability and electrical conductivity. In this article, studies of thermionic emission from single hot carbon nanostructures are overviewed, emphasizing their differences in physics from macroscopic thermionic emission as well as potential applications in vacuum nanoelectronics. Due to their low dimensionality, nanoscale size, and nonequilibrium electron distribution, Richardson's Law, which governs thermionic emission from macroscopic metals, breaks down in the case of thermionic emission from single carbon nanostructures, and an internal electric field in a carbon nanostructure can contribute directly to its thermionic emission. Graphene-based nanoscale thermionic emission sources, source arrays, and vacuum transistors have been fabricated and demonstrated to exhibit the advantages compared to those based on field emission. The advances imply the promise of realizing high-performance nanoscale electron sources and vacuum electronic devices based on thermionic emission.

关键词： thermionic emission c nanostructure

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cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowires array: a three-dimensional catalyst electrode for effective water oxidation

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第4期12卷 264-266页

作者： Wang, Weiyi Ma, Min Kong, Menglai Yao, Yadong Wei, Niandong Sichuan Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Chengdu 610065 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Chengdu 610065 Sichuan Peoples R China

The development of Earth-abundant low-cost catalyst materials for effective water oxidation is of critical importance for electrochemical hydrogen production. The first use of hydrothermally in situ grown cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowires array on carbon cloth as an effective catalyst electrode for water oxidation in alkaline electrolytes is described. This three-dimensional electrode shows high catalytic activity with the need of overpotential of 323 mV to drive 10 mA cm(-2), and its activity can be retained for at least 40 h.

关键词： cobalt compounds nanowires catalysts electrochemical electrodes catalysis oxidation electrolytes hydrothermally in situ grown cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowire array carbon cloth three-dimensional catalyst electrode water oxidation electrochemical hydrogen production alkaline electrolytes catalytic activity co(cO3)0.5OHH2O-c c

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Partitioning of crude protein from aqua waste using PEG 600-inorganic salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

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chemical Data collections 2018年 15-16卷 143-152页

作者： Divya Baskaran Karthikeyan chinnappan Rajasimman Manivasagan Dilip Kumar Mahadevan Department of Chemical Engineering Environmental Engineering Laboratory Annamalai University Chidambaram Tamil Nadu 608002 India

An acceptable polymer-inorganic salt Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS) has been discovered for the crude protein partitioning from aqua waste. This study determines the effect of type of salt, temperature, pH and neutral salt (Nacl) concentration on percentage recovery of protein in ATPSs which are composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 and three inorganic salts. In all systems, crude protein has displayed an affinity for the PEG-rich phase. The partition coefficient was found to be increased with increasing both PEG 600- inorganic salt concentrations. The higher value of tie-line length could maximize the percentage recovery of protein from aqua waste. This was mainly owing to the excluded volume effect and salting out effect in ATPS. PEG 600-Ammonium Sulphate system was found to be the most favorable system among the three ATPS which showed the maximum yield of crude protein that was 99.4% obtained at pH 5, sodium chloride concentration 0.3 M and temperature 20 °c.

关键词： Aqueous Two-Phase System Aqua waste Protein recovery Partitioning Response surface methodology ATPS Aqueous Two Phase System LLE Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Nacl Sodium chloride PEG Polyethylene glycol TLL Tie Line Length (wt %) BSA Bovine serum albumin K p Partition coefficient c T Equilibrium concentration of protein in top phase c B Equilibrium concentration of protein in top phase V R Volume ratio V tp Volume of the top phase, mL V bp Volume of the bottom phase, mL ANOVA Analysis of variance RSM Response surface methodology BBD Box-Behken design KP Potassium phosphate system SS Sodium sulphate system AS Ammonium sulphate system 3D Three dimensional

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Preparation of Metal Nanoparticle Decorated Graphene Hybrid composites: A Review

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第15-16期3卷 849-854页

作者： Wang, Zhongchi Ping, Yunjie Fu, Qiang Pan, chunxu Wuhan Univ Sch Phys & Technol Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Univ MOE Key Lab Artificial Micro & Nanostruct Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Ctr Electron Microscopy Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China

In recent years, the graphene/metal nanoparticles (NPs) hybrids have sparked burgeoning interest in varied application fields due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this paper, we present an overview of preparation methods of the graphene/metal NPs hybrids, which includes some common routes as well as other particular strategies. In addition, we introduce a novel physical route to decorate metal NPs upon graphene sheets. Our expectation is that this review will provide references for the exploitation of emerging preparation technologies, and expand application fields for graphene/metal NPs hybrids in the future.

关键词： c metal nanostructure

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Occult HBV infection status and its impact on surgical outcomes in patients with curative resection for HcV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第6期7卷 443-453页

作者： Koutaro Yamaji Keita Kai Sho Komukai Hiroki Koga Takao Ide Atsushi Kawaguchi Hirokazu Noshiro Shinichi Aishima Department of Surgery Saga University Faculty of MedicineSaga 849-8501Japan Department of Pathology&Microbiology Saga University Faculty of MedicineSaga 849-8501Japan Department of Pathology Saga University HospitalSaga 849-8501Japan Clinical Research Center Saga University HospitalSaga 849-8501Japan Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine Saga University Faculty of MedicineSaga 849-8501Japan

Background:We sought to clarify the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection(OBI)and to determine whether OBI affects the surgical outcomes in curatively resected Japanese patients with hepatitis c virus(HcV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc).Methods:A total of 257 patients with HcV-related Hcc who underwent curative surgical resection were *** enrolled patients were serologically negative for HBV surface antigen and positive for HcV *** was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver *** was determined by the HBV-DNA amplification of at least two different sets of primers by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain *** outcomes were evaluated according to overall survival(OS),disease-specific survival(DSS),and disease-free survival(DFS).Results:OBI was identified in 15 of the 257(5.8%)*** the multivariate analyses,the factors significantly correlated with OS were BMI>25(P=0.0416),portal vein invasion(P=0.0065),and multiple tumors(P=0.0064).The only factor significantly correlated with DSS was T-stage(P=0.0275).The factors significantly correlated with DFS were liver fibrosis(P=0.0017)and T-stage(P=0.0001).The status of OBI did not show any significant correlation with OS,DSS or DFS,but a weak association with DSS(P=0.0603)was ***:The prevalence of OBI was 5.8%in 257 cases of HcV-related *** a weak association between DSS and OBI was observed,and statistical analyses were limited by small number of OBI cases,no significant correlation between OBI and surgical outcomes was detected.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI) hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) hepatitis c virus(HcV) surgery prognosis

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Epidemiology of hepatitis c virus exposure in Egypt: Opportunities for prevention and evaluation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第28期7卷 2849-2858页

作者： F DeWolfe Miller Mahmoud S Elzalabany Sara Hassani Diego F cuadros Department of Tropical Medicine Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology John A. Burns School of edicine University of Hawaii Department of Internal Medicine Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital School of Medicine Boston University Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar Qatar Foundation-Education City

AIM: To critically evaluate the current epidemiology data on exposures, rather than infection, to hepatitis c virus(HcV) transmission and recommend epidemiologic strategies to fill gaps. METHODS: Standard methods for identifying and evaluating relevant epidemiologic literature and available data were used. RESULTS: There is a large body of literature on the epidemiology of HcV transmission in Egypt that collectively identifies ongoing iatrogenic exposures as the major driver for HcV transmission due to short comings in infection control and standard procedures. Additional epidemiologic studies on HcV transmission that requires the participation of human subject is unwarranted. Alternatively, very little literature was found on the epidemiology of exposure to HcV, infection control, and safe injection practices. The information that is available on patterns of HcV exposure shows high frequencies of inadequate infection control, problems in sterilization in health care facilities, low rates of hand washing, untrained personnel, lack of stated policies in facilities, HcV contamination of instruments and very large injection frequencies with low but very significant syringe and needle reuse. There is an important need to increase the number, size, and diversity of epidemiologic studies on HcV exposures, patterns of risk factors for infection, infection control, and safe injection practices. In addition to health care facilities evaluation, relevant knowledge attitude and practice studies are recommended. cONcLUSION: Epidemiologic methods on HcV ex-posure can be used to characterize the magnitude of exposures to HcV infection, target interventions to reduce exposures, and provide the best method for evaluating interventions by demonstrating the reduction of exposure to HcV infection.

关键词： Epidemiology Hepatitis c virus Egypt Exposure Prevention Epidemic

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Impact of direct acting antivirals on occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: Biologically plausible or an epiphenomenon?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第2期10卷 267-276页

作者： Amna Subhan Butt Fatima Sharif Shahab Abid Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital

Hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. chronic hepatitis c virus infection(HcV) is the most common cause of Hcc in many European countries, Japan and Pakistan. Introduction of the new direct acting antivirals(DAAs) has revolutionized the management of HcV worldwide, with high rates of sustained virologic response in patients who could not have tolerated the previous interferon based treatments. However, recently there have been reports raising caution about the long term effects of DAAs, particularly a possible increased risk of Hcc. Therefore this review explores the current molecular studies as well as clinical data that investigate the impact of DAAs on occurrence and recurrence of Hcc.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Direct acting antivirals Hepatitis c

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Structures and Optical Properties of Nanoforest-Like carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Nanoparticles of Strontium Aluminate Doped with Rare-Earth Elements

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第1-2期3卷 121-126页

作者： Arquieta Guillen, Patsy Y. Borisovna Kharissova, Alena Ortega Garcia, Beatriz Kharissova, Oxana V. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon Ave Univ S-NCiudad Univ San Nicolas De Los Garza 66455 NL Mexico

Nowadays, carbon nanotubes have a lot of applications in daily life, being applied in the fabrication of cellphones, computers, nanotransistors, among many others. currently, their new applications in biotechnology area are in research, in particular in order to find new biosensors with fluorescent properties applying on the basis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWcNTs). In this work, the obtaining of carbon nanoparticles having fluorescent properties via spray pyrolysis is presented. Synthesis, properties, structural peculiarities, and applications of nanobuds and related nanostructures are discussed. MWcNTs, decorated with strontium aluminate SrAl12O19 and doped with rare-earth elements, were synthetized from distinct organic precursors and the corresponding metal oxides. The metal oxides used were Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Neodymium (Nd), Lanthanum (La), cerium (ce) and some their combinations. The synthesis was carried out on the surface of optical fibres to obtain a uniform growth of forest-like MWcNTs, adding to metal oxide nanoparticles to their surface. The preparation of composites was carried out by spray pyrolysis techniques in dry nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range from 780 to 850 degrees c. The formed products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV/visible spectroscopies. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the deposited nanoparticles are in the range of size 20-60 nm being uniformly distributed on the surface of MWcNTs. The samples, obtained at different temperatures and with doping metal oxides added to SrAl12O19, show different fluorescence behavior. The best results were observed with lanthanum oxide as a dopant. Possible applications as persistently luminescent phosphors for the formed MWcNTs-supported luminescent materials are proposed.

关键词： c spray pyrolysis fiber

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Dynamic Air-Brush Deposition Method for the New Generation of Graphene Based Supercapacitors

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第1-2期3卷 79-84页

作者： Hondavalli, Paolo Pognon, Gregory Koumoulos, Elias charitidis, costas Natl Technol Univ Athens Thales Res & Technol Chem & Multifonct Mat Lab Athens Greece Natl Technol Univ Athens Sch Chem Engn Dept Mat Sci & Engn Athens Greece

This contribution deals with the fabrication of a new generation of supercapacitors for harsh environment (avionics) based on nanostructures layers fabricated by spray-gun deposition method. Thanks to the fabrication of electrodes using spray-gun and the utilization of specific ionic liquids developed at Thales, we were able to achieve a capacitance of 20F/g (for a whole cell) and a power of 40kW/kg using carbon nanofibres (cNFs) mixed with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). These results are not the higher values obtained in literature but they are extremely interesting considering that the final device needs to stand temperature between -55 degrees c and +105 degrees c for avionics applications and that no commercial supercaps in the world are able to work in this interval. Only using these ionic liquids and the specific electrodes, it is possible. These supercapacitors were fabricated using spray-gun deposition method which is an extremely interesting technique from an industrial point of view considering that it can be easily implemented in roll-to-roll fabrication.

关键词： energy storage nanostructure c

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