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Dry slide wear behavior of boron carbide filled epoxy composites

Materials Today: Proceedings 2018年第2期5卷 7289-7295页

作者： A. Madhanagopal S Gopalakannan Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering Arni Anna University Tamilnadu 632326 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Adhiparasakthi Engineering college MelmaruvathurTamilnadu 603319 India

This experimentation is done for predicting the co-efficient of friction and the wear rate of epoxy composite with B 4 c as filler by using pin on disk apparatus in non lubricated conditions. The three different samples (1%, 2%, 4%) were prepared based the percentage of filler addition to the epoxy resin. This experimental result is obtained by varying the operating parameters of contact pressure and velocity. This tribological data is obtained for the two constant sliding distances 1198m and 2402m respectively. The wear behavior of the material is predicted from the plots drawn for the co-efficient of friction and the wear rate with respect to load (1kg, 2kg and 3kg) and velocity (1m/s, 2m/s) conditions. The result shows that the binding strength drops as the load increases leads to more mass loss. The specific wear rate reaches 2.1(mm 3 /N-m×10 -6 ) and the corresponding co-efficient of friction is 0.38 is for the 2% sample under 3kg load. But for the other samples 1% and 4% they do not prove such appreciable rise in the output magnitude. The mechanical behavior of the material is predicted to support the results.

关键词： Wear Epoxy B 4 c filler particle Polymer composite Dry sliding

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Liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis c virus coinfection: Diagnostic methods and clinical impact

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第24期7卷 2510-2521页

作者： caterina Sagnelli Salvatore Martini Mariantonietta Pisaturo Giuseppe Pasquale Margherita Macera Rosa Zampino Nicola coppola Evangelista Sagnelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery "F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara Second University of Naples Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesSecond University of Naples Division of Infectious Diseases AORN Sant’ Anna e San Sebastiano di Caserta Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Second University of Naples Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolic and Geriatric SciencesSecond University of Naples

Several non-invasive surrogate methods have recently challenged the main role of liver biopsy in assessing liver fibrosis in hepatitis c virus(HcV)-monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/HcV-coinfected patients, applied to avoid the well-known side effects of liver puncture. Serological tests involve the determination of biochemical markers of synthesis or degradation of fibrosis, tests not readily available in clinical practice, or combinations of routine tests used in chronic hepatitis and HIV/HcV coinfection. Several radiologic techniques have also been proposed, some of which commonly used in clinical practice. The studies performed to compare the prognostic value of noninvasive surrogate methods with that of the degree of liver fibrosis assessed on liver tissue have not as yet provided conclusive results. Each surrogate technique has shown some limitations, including the risk of over- or under-estimating the extent of liver fibrosis. The current knowledge on liver fibrosis in HIV/HcVcoinfected patients will be summarized in this review article, which is addressed in particular to physicians involved in this setting in their clinical practice.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis c virus coi

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Nanoscale electric discharge-induced FLG peeling off during the STM electric lithography

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第10期12卷 793-798页

作者： Yang, Ye Fang, Zuhua Shanghai Normal Univ Coll Informat Mech & Elect Engn Shanghai 200234 Peoples R China

Scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) electric lithography exhibits its unique advantages in the nanoscale positioning accuracy, in situ measurement, atomic manipulation and ultra-precise fabrication. Nowadays various nanoscale structures and devices have been delivered from STM electric lithography by versatile means of the local mechanical force, the chemical reaction and the thermal effects. In this paper, the authors have innovatively utilised the nanoscale electric discharge effect induced by the STM electric lithography to peel off the site-specific few layer graphene (FLG) flakes on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sample. The piece number, distribution, area and thickness of the exfoliated graphene flakes generated under the different machining parameter settings were quantitatively analysed. It has been found out that both of the machining gap distance and the bias voltage amplitude play the decisive roles in the exfoliation of the FLG flakes. Moreover, the machining current was measured to validate the occurrence of the nanoscale electric discharge during the STM electric lithography processes. It directly proves the relevance of FLG flakes peeling off to the electric discharge. This work has confirmed the processing capability of the STM electric lithography for the FLG flakes peeling off, which is desired in the fabrication of graphene-based nanodevices.

关键词： scanning tunnelling microscopy graphene discharges (electric) nanolithography nanoscale electric discharge-induced FLG peeling off STM electric lithography scanning tunnelling microscopy electric lithography site-specific few layer graphene flakes highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sample piece number exfoliated graphene flakes machining parameter machining gap distance bias voltage amplitude machining current c c

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过渡金属镍钴电极材料的制备及其电容性能

过渡金属镍钴电极材料的制备及其电容性能

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作者：靳晓娟长春理工大学

学位级别：硕士

超级电容器由于良好的电容性能而成为当今研究的热点,但是超级电容器能量密度低的缺点限制了它的广泛应用。为了提高超级电容器的能量密度,具有特殊晶体结构的二元金属氧化物Ni co2O4得到了研究者的关注。本文以泡沫镍为基底,利用电化... 详细信息

超级电容器由于良好的电容性能而成为当今研究的热点,但是超级电容器能量密度低的缺点限制了它的广泛应用。为了提高超级电容器的能量密度,具有特殊晶体结构的二元金属氧化物Ni co2O4得到了研究者的关注。本文以泡沫镍为基底,利用电化学沉积法制备片状Ni co2O4,通过复合Ni O和c材料来改善Ni co2O4的电容性能,主要研究内容如下:1.利用电沉积法,以Ni（NO3）2、co（NO3）2为原料在泡沫镍上制备了Ni co2O4-50/NF。三电极测试结果表明,当沉积时间为50 min时,该电极材料的电容性能最佳。在2 m A/cm2的电流密度时cs为560.7 m F/cm2,1000圈充放电测试后,电容保留率为64.4%。在两电极测试中,水系对称超级电容器Ni co2O4-50/NF//Ni co2O4-50/NF的能量密度和功率密度分别82.17μWh/cm2和700μW/cm2,1000圈充放电之后,电容保留率可维持在55.1%。同时组装成固态对称超级电容器,此时该器件的能量密度为46.35μWh/cm2,功率密度为1400μW/cm2。2.利用电沉积法在Nico2O4-50/NF上制备出复合电极材料NiO-30/Ni co2O4-50/NF。从测试结果可以得出,电沉积30 min后得到的Ni O-30/Ni co2O4-50/NF的电容性能最佳,cs可达到717.8 m F/cm2,高于之前单一Ni co2O4-50/NF电极的cs,1000圈循环稳定性测试后,电容保留率达到74.8%。经过两电极体系测试,水系对称超级电容器Ni O-30/Ni co2O4-50/NF//Ni O-30/Ni co2O4-50/NF的功率密度为880μW/cm2时,能量密度达到123.0μWh/cm2,1000圈循环充放电后的电容保留率为65.3%。同时将Ni O-30/Ni co2O4-50/NF组装成固态对称超级电容器,此时该器件的功率密度为960μW/cm2,能量密度为24.27μWh/cm2。3.采用烘箱恒温加热法,在Nico2O4-50/NF上以葡萄糖溶液为碳源,制备出复合电极材料c-3/Ni co2O4-50/NF。经过三电极体系测试可知,葡萄糖浓度为3 mol/L时复合材料c-3/Ni co2O4-50/NF的电容性能最佳。1000圈循环充放电测试后,电容保留率高达81.1%。经过两电极体系测试后,水系对称超级电容器c-3/Ni co2O4-50/NF//c-3/Ni co2O4-50/NF的能量密度为522.3μWh/cm2时,功率密度为900μW/cm2,1000圈循环充放电测试后电容保留率为77.64%。最后组装成固态对称超级电容器,c-3/Ni co2O4-50/NF//c-3/Ni co2O4-50/NF的能量密度和功率密度经过计算分别为44.1μWh/cm2和1800μW/cm2。

关键词： Nico2O4 NiO c 超级电容器电容性能

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Mechanisms and clinical behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV and HcV infection and alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatoma Research 2018年第9期4卷 45-66页

作者： Riccardo Nevola Luca Rinaldi Mauro Giordano Aldo Marrone Luigi Elio Adinolfi Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand Geriatric SciencesUniversity of Campania'L.Vanviteli'Division of Internal MedicinePiazza MiragliaNaples 80138Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) is the main tumor of the liver and is the sixth most frequently diagnosed tumor in the world. It is the evolution of chronic hepatic injury secondary to different etiologies. chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis c virus infection, chronic alcoholic hepatitis, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the most common causes behind the development of Hcc. The introduction of effective prophylaxis and treatment against hepatitis B, the recent use of highly effective hepatitis c treatments, as well as lifestyle changes observed in recent decades in the general population causing an increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome have led to significant epidemiological change in Hcc in relation to the changed etiologic prevalence of liver injury. Increasing evidence was emerging, emphasizing how the development of Hcc is a complex and multifactorial process. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved is important for the understanding of the basic factors of the development of hepatocarcinogenesis and of possible therapeutic approaches. Several pathogenic mechanisms and clinical expression of Hcc occur in relation to the different etiologies of the underlying liver disease. The different clinical behavior of Hcc often makes diagnosis difficult at an early stage, that is necessary for an effective therapeutic approach. This review analyzes the possible different pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of Hcc and emphasizes the different epidemiological and clinical aspects of Hcc observed in the most common forms of liver diseases of viral and non-viral origin.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis c virus hepatitis B virus alcohol hepatitis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Decreasing Hospital-Associated clostridium difficile Infections

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cURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFEcTIOUS DISEASES 2018年第2期10卷 270-280页

作者： Aljefri, Doaa M. christensen, Alyssa B. Gibson, Amanda K. Postelnick, Michael Northwestern Mem Hosp Dept Pharm 251 E HuronFeinberg LC-700 Chicago IL 60611 USA King Abdul Aziz Med City Jeddah Saudi Arabia Univ Illinois Coll Pharm Chicago IL USA OSF St Anthony Med Ctr Dept Pharm Rockford IL USA Univ Utah Hlth Salt Lake City UT USA

Opinion statementPurpose of review To provide a review of literature that discusses some of the most successful antimicrobial stewardship interventions reported across institutions worldwide in response to increased clostridium difficile infection (cDI) rates. Recent findings Although many different types of antimicrobial reduction practices have been proven effective, differences in resources across varying sizes of institutions may make some interventions more attainable than other. Regardless of available resources, an initial assessment of the correlation of positive laboratory tests to clinical disease is necessary to quantify the true burden of hospital-onset cDIs (HO-cDI). Infection prevention programs, in conjunction with antimicrobial reduction interventions, and the appropriate identification of patients to undergo laboratory testing, are key components of a HO-cDI reduction program. clostridium difficile is an important cause of serious healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), causing adverse consequences for patients including, but not limited to, increased length of hospital stay, healthcare costs, and mortality. Since the early 2000s, there has been a notable increase in cDI. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have responded to this public health threat with a number of different strategies including antimicrobial use reduction, education, appropriate testing, and multiple other interventions. Along with providing a literature review on ASP interventions to address the cDI threat, we describe our experience in successfully reducing HO-cDI at Northwestern Memorial Hospital with the use of multiple interventions.

关键词： c difficile clostridium difficile infection Hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection Antimicrobial stewardship

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Impact of direct acting antivirals on occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: Biologically plausible or an epiphenomenon?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第2期10卷 267-276页

作者： Amna Subhan Butt Fatima Sharif Shahab Abid Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital

Hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. chronic hepatitis c virus infection(HcV) is the most common cause of Hcc in many European countries, Japan and Pakistan. Introduction of the new direct acting antivirals(DAAs) has revolutionized the management of HcV worldwide, with high rates of sustained virologic response in patients who could not have tolerated the previous interferon based treatments. However, recently there have been reports raising caution about the long term effects of DAAs, particularly a possible increased risk of Hcc. Therefore this review explores the current molecular studies as well as clinical data that investigate the impact of DAAs on occurrence and recurrence of Hcc.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Direct acting antivirals Hepatitis c

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Hepatitis c in hemodialysis patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 548-558页

作者： Smaragdi Marinaki John N Boletis Stratigoula Sakellariou Ioanna K Delladetsima Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit Medical School University of Athens Laiko General Hospital First Department of Pathology Medical School University of Athens

Despite reduction of hepatitis c prevalence after recognition of the virus and testing of blood products, hemodialysis(HD) patients still comprise a high risk group. The natural history of hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection in dialysis is not fully understood while the clinical outcome differs from that of the general population. HD patients show a milder liver disease with lower aminotransferase and viral levels depicted bymilder histological features on liver biopsy. Furthermore, the "silent" clinical course is consistent with a slower disease progression and a lower frequency of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Potential explanations for the "beneficial" impact of uremia and hemodialysis on chronic HcV infection are impaired immunosurveillance leading to a less aggressive host response to the virus and intradialytic release of "hepatoprotective" cytokines such as interferon(IFN)-α and hepatocyte growth factor. However, chronic hepatitis c is associated with a higher liver disease related cardiovascular and allcause mortality of HD patients. Therapy is indicated in selected patients groups including younger patients with low comorbidity burden and especially renal transplant candidates, preferably after performance of a liver biopsy. According to current recommendations, choice of treatment is IFN or pegylated interferon with a reported sustained viral response at 30%-40% and a withdrawal rate ranging from 17% to 30%. New data regarding combination therapy with low doses of ribavirin which provide higher standard variable rates and good safety results, offer another therapeutic option. The new protease inhibitors may be the future for HcV infected HD patients, though data are still lacking.

关键词： Hemodialysis Hepatitis c infection Interferon Ribavirin Protease inhibitors

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Predictive factors associated with hepatitis c antiviral therapy response

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第12期7卷 1617-1631页

作者： Lourianne Nascimento cavalcante André castro Lyra Hospital Sao Rafael-Gastro-Hepatology Service Department of Medicine Federal University of Bahia

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection may lead to significant liver injury, and viral, environmental, host, immunologic and genetic factors may contribute to the differences in the disease expression and treatment response. In the early 2000 s, dual therapy using a combinationof pegylated interferon plus ribavirin(PR) became the standard of care for HcV treatment. In this PR era, predictive factors of therapy response related to virus and host have been identified. In 2010/2011, therapeutic regimens for HcV genotype 1 patients were modified, and the addition of NS3/4a protease inhibitors(boceprevir or telaprevir) to dual therapy increased the effectiveness and chances of sustained virologic response(SVR). Nevertheless, the first-generation triple therapy is associated with many adverse events, some of which are serious and associated with death, particularly in cirrhotic patients. This led to the need to identify viral and host predictive factors that might influence the SVR rate to triple therapy and avoid unnecessary exposure to these drugs. Over the past four years, hepatitis c treatment has been rapidly changing with the development of new therapies and other developments. currently, with the more recent generations of pangenotipic antiviral therapies, there have been higher sustained virologic rates, and prognostic factors may not have the same importance and strength as before. Nonetheless, some variables may still be consistent with the low rates of non-response with regimens that include sofosbuvir, daclatasvir and ledipasvir. In this manuscript, we review the predictive factors of therapy response across the different treatment regimens over the last decade including the new antiviral drugs.

关键词： Hepatitis c Direct acting antivirals Antiviraltherapy Interferon Sustained virologic response

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Surgical approach for hepatitis c virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第1期7卷 70-77页

作者： Junichi Shindoh Masaji Hashimoto Goro Watanabe Hepatobiliary-pancreatic Surgery Division Department of Digestive SurgeryToranomon HospitalTokyo 105-8470Japan Okinaka Memorial Research Center for Adult Diseases Tokyo 105-8470Japan

Hepatitis c is a strong prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc). Although liver resection and liver transplantation offer the chance of a cure for Hcc,adequate management of co-existing infection with hepatitis c virus(HcV) is important to enable better long-term outcomes after surgery for HcV-related Hcc. For patients undergoing liver resection,perioperative anti-viral treatment is recommended,since a decreased HcV viral load itself is reportedly associated with a lower tumor recurrence rate and a longer overall survival. For patients undergoing transplanatations for Hcc complicated by end-stage liver disease,the post-transplant management of HcV infection is also necessary to prevent progressive graft injury caused by active hepatitis under the immunosuppressive condition that is needed after liver transplantation. Although only a few lines of solid evidence are available for postoperative antiviral treatment because of the limited indication and frequent adverse events caused by conventional high-dose combination interferon therapy,new direct acting anti-viral agents would enable interferon-free anti-viral treatment with a higher virologic response and minimal side effects.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis c Liverresection Liver transplantation Adjuvant therapy

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