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Preparation of Metal Nanoparticle Decorated Graphene Hybrid composites: A Review

MRS ADVANcES 2018年第15-16期3卷 849-854页

作者： Wang, Zhongchi Ping, Yunjie Fu, Qiang Pan, chunxu Wuhan Univ Sch Phys & Technol Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Univ MOE Key Lab Artificial Micro & Nanostruct Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Ctr Electron Microscopy Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China

In recent years, the graphene/metal nanoparticles (NPs) hybrids have sparked burgeoning interest in varied application fields due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this paper, we present an overview of preparation methods of the graphene/metal NPs hybrids, which includes some common routes as well as other particular strategies. In addition, we introduce a novel physical route to decorate metal NPs upon graphene sheets. Our expectation is that this review will provide references for the exploitation of emerging preparation technologies, and expand application fields for graphene/metal NPs hybrids in the future.

关键词： c metal nanostructure

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Into the Depths of c: Elaborating the De Facto Standards 16

Into the Depths of C: Elaborating the De Facto Standards

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37th AcM SIGPLAN conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation

作者： Memarian, Kayvan Matthiesen, Justus Lingard, James Nienhuis, Kyndylan chisnall, David Watson, Robert N. M. Sewell, Peter Univ Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

c remains central to our computing infrastructure. It is notionally defined by ISO standards, but in reality the properties of c assumed by systems code and those implemented by compilers have diverged, both fromthe ISO standards and from each other, and none of these are clearly understood. We make two contributions to help improve this errorprone situation. First, we describe an in- depth analysis of the design space for the semantics of pointers and memory in c as it is used in practice. We articulate many specific questions, build a suite of semantic test cases, gather experimental data from multiple implementations, and survey what c experts believe about the de facto standards. We identify questions where there is a consensus (either following ISO or differing) and where there are conflicts. We apply all this to an experimental c implemented above capability hardware. Second, we describe a formal model, cerberus, for large parts of c. cerberus is parameterised on its memory model;it is linkable either with a candidate de facto memory object model, under construction, or with an operational c11 concurrency model;it is defined by elaboration to a much simpler core language for accessibility, and it is executable as a test oracle on small examples. This should provide a solid basis for discussion of what mainstream c is now: what programmers and analysis tools can assume and what compilers aim to implement. Ultimately we hope it will be a step towards clear, consistent, and accepted semantics for the various use-cases of c.

关键词： c

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Occult HBV infection status and its impact on surgical outcomes in patients with curative resection for HcV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第6期7卷 443-453页

作者： Koutaro Yamaji Keita Kai Sho Komukai Hiroki Koga Takao Ide Atsushi Kawaguchi Hirokazu Noshiro Shinichi Aishima Department of Surgery Saga University Faculty of MedicineSaga 849-8501Japan Department of Pathology&Microbiology Saga University Faculty of MedicineSaga 849-8501Japan Department of Pathology Saga University HospitalSaga 849-8501Japan Clinical Research Center Saga University HospitalSaga 849-8501Japan Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine Saga University Faculty of MedicineSaga 849-8501Japan

Background:We sought to clarify the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection(OBI)and to determine whether OBI affects the surgical outcomes in curatively resected Japanese patients with hepatitis c virus(HcV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc).Methods:A total of 257 patients with HcV-related Hcc who underwent curative surgical resection were *** enrolled patients were serologically negative for HBV surface antigen and positive for HcV *** was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver *** was determined by the HBV-DNA amplification of at least two different sets of primers by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain *** outcomes were evaluated according to overall survival(OS),disease-specific survival(DSS),and disease-free survival(DFS).Results:OBI was identified in 15 of the 257(5.8%)*** the multivariate analyses,the factors significantly correlated with OS were BMI>25(P=0.0416),portal vein invasion(P=0.0065),and multiple tumors(P=0.0064).The only factor significantly correlated with DSS was T-stage(P=0.0275).The factors significantly correlated with DFS were liver fibrosis(P=0.0017)and T-stage(P=0.0001).The status of OBI did not show any significant correlation with OS,DSS or DFS,but a weak association with DSS(P=0.0603)was ***:The prevalence of OBI was 5.8%in 257 cases of HcV-related *** a weak association between DSS and OBI was observed,and statistical analyses were limited by small number of OBI cases,no significant correlation between OBI and surgical outcomes was detected.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI) hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) hepatitis c virus(HcV) surgery prognosis

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Hepatitis c genotype 4: The past, present, and future

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第28期7卷 2792-2810页

作者： Tawhida Y Abdel-Ghaffar Mostafa M Sira Suzan El Naghi Pediatric Department Ain Shams University Yassin Abdel Ghaffar Charity Center for Liver Disease and Research Pediatric Hepatology Department National Liver Institute Menofiya University Pediatric Department National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) genotype(GT) 4 represents 12%-15%(15-18 million) of total global HcV infection. It is prevalent in Northern and Equatorial Africa and the Middle East, and is also present in some countries in Europe. GT-4(and subtype 4a in particular) dominates the HcV epidemic in Egypt. In underdeveloped countries, risk factors associated with HcV infection may be due to unsafe medical practices or other factors such as familial transmission, mother's HcV status, or illiteracy. HcV prevention and control programs should include health education, increased community awareness towards the disease, controlling infection distribution in healthcare centers, proper sterilization of medical and dental instruments, and ensuring safe supply of blood and blood-products. Response rates to a 48-wk combined pegylated-interferon(PEG-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) treatment range from 40%-69%, and HcV-GT-4 has been considered better than GT-1 but worse than GT-2 and GT-3 in treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV. However, with the introduction of the HcV-GT-1 effective protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir in 2011, HcV-GT-4 became the "most difficult(GT) to treat". Recently, the direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) with pan- genotypic activities simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir have been recommended in triple regimens with PEG-IFN/RBV for the treatment of HcV-GT-4. An IFN-free regimen will be available for treatment of all genotypes of HcV in the near future. To date, several DAAs have been developed and are currently being evaluated in various combinations in clinical trials. As new regimens and new agents are being approved by the Food and Drug Administration, we can expect the guidelines for HcV treatment to be changed. The availability of shorter, simpler, and more tolerable treatment regimens can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HcV infection. With such a large number of therapeutic agents available, we can end up with a range of choices that we can select from

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Genotypes Transmission Pegylated-interferon Ribavirin Direct acting antivirals Hepatitis c virus vaccine

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Role of inflammatory response in liver diseases: Therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 1-7页

作者： José A Del campo Paloma Gallego Lourdes Grande Department of Digestive Diseases Valme University Hospital and CIBERehd

Inflammation and tumorigenesis are tightly linked pathways impacting cancer development. Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms, including hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection, and sterile stressors(oxidative stress, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity) able to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and IL-18. Most of the inflammasome complexes that have been described to date contain a NOD-like receptor sensor molecule. Redox state and autophagy can regulate inflammasome complex and, depending on the conditions, can be either pro-or antiapoptotic. Acute and chronic liver diseases are cytokinedriven diseases as several proinflammatory cytokines(IL-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6) are critically involved in inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and cancer development. NLRP3 inflammasome gain of function aggravates liver disease, resulting in severe liver fibrosis and highlighting this pathway in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. On the other hand, HcV infection is the primary catalyst for progressive liver disease and development of liver cancer. It is well established that HcV-induced IL-1β production by hepatic macrophages plays a critical and central process that promotes liver inflammation and disease. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of the inflammasome in the aggravation of liver disease, and how selective blockade of this main pathway may be a useful strategy to delay fibrosis progression in liver diseases.

关键词： caspase-1 Fibrosis Hepatitis c virus Inflammasome Interleukin-1α Interleukin-1β Liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NLRP3 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Structures and Optical Properties of Nanoforest-Like carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Nanoparticles of Strontium Aluminate Doped with Rare-Earth Elements

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MRS ADVANcES 2018年第1-2期3卷 121-126页

作者： Arquieta Guillen, Patsy Y. Borisovna Kharissova, Alena Ortega Garcia, Beatriz Kharissova, Oxana V. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon Ave Univ S-NCiudad Univ San Nicolas De Los Garza 66455 NL Mexico

Nowadays, carbon nanotubes have a lot of applications in daily life, being applied in the fabrication of cellphones, computers, nanotransistors, among many others. currently, their new applications in biotechnology area are in research, in particular in order to find new biosensors with fluorescent properties applying on the basis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWcNTs). In this work, the obtaining of carbon nanoparticles having fluorescent properties via spray pyrolysis is presented. Synthesis, properties, structural peculiarities, and applications of nanobuds and related nanostructures are discussed. MWcNTs, decorated with strontium aluminate SrAl12O19 and doped with rare-earth elements, were synthetized from distinct organic precursors and the corresponding metal oxides. The metal oxides used were Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Neodymium (Nd), Lanthanum (La), cerium (ce) and some their combinations. The synthesis was carried out on the surface of optical fibres to obtain a uniform growth of forest-like MWcNTs, adding to metal oxide nanoparticles to their surface. The preparation of composites was carried out by spray pyrolysis techniques in dry nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range from 780 to 850 degrees c. The formed products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV/visible spectroscopies. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the deposited nanoparticles are in the range of size 20-60 nm being uniformly distributed on the surface of MWcNTs. The samples, obtained at different temperatures and with doping metal oxides added to SrAl12O19, show different fluorescence behavior. The best results were observed with lanthanum oxide as a dopant. Possible applications as persistently luminescent phosphors for the formed MWcNTs-supported luminescent materials are proposed.

关键词： c spray pyrolysis fiber

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Transmission characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube-based through-silicon vias considering temperature effects

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IET MIcROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2017年第10期11卷 1424-1431页

作者： Su, Jinrong chen, Xinwei Han, Liping Yang, Rongcao Zhang, Wenmei Shanxi Univ Coll Phys & Elect Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi Peoples R China

In this study, a simplified temperature-dependent expression of electron mean free path (MFP) is proposed first. Then, the electrical model of multi-walled carbon nanotube bundle-based through-silicon vias (MWcNTB-TSVs) is established considering the temperature effects of the MFP, metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitance, substrate conductance and number of conducting channels of MWcNT. Based on this model, the propagation constant, forward transmission coefficient S-21 and crosstalk at different temperatures are calculated. By analysing the phase constant, the zero dispersion transmission condition is obtained. According to this condition, the guidelines on how to select the substrate in different level integrations are proposed. Furthermore, a concise formula for the equivalent conductivity of MWcNTB is proposed. Moreover, the minimum diameter of MWcNTB-TSV whose attenuation is less than that of copper-filled TSV has been deduced.

关键词： multi-wall carbon nanotubes three-dimensional integrated circuits electron mean free path crosstalk MWcNTB-based through-silicon vias considering temperature effect electron mean free path MFP TSV multiwalled carbon nanotube bundle metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitance substrate conductance propagation constant forward transmission coefficient zero dispersion transmission condition c

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Monoclonal antibodies:Principles and applications of immmunodiagnosis and immunotherapy for hepatitis c virus

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第22期7卷 2369-2383页

作者： Ashraf Tabll Aymn T Abbas Sherif El-Kafrawy Ahmed Wahid Microbial Biotechnology Department (Biomedical Technology Group) Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology DivisionNational Research Centre Biotechnology Research Laboratories Gastro--eneterology Surgery CentreMansoura University Special Infectious Agents Unit King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz University National Liver Institute Menoufia University Biochemistry Department Molecular and Cellular Biology UnitFaculty of PharmacyMinia University

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) is a major health problem worldwide. Early detection of the infection will help better management of the infected cases. The monoclonal antibodies(m Ab) of mice are predominantly used for the immunodiagnosis of several viral,bacterial,and parasitic antigens. Serological detection of HcV antigens and antibodies provide simple and rapid methods of detection but lack sensitivity specially in the window phase between the infection and antibody development. Human mA b are used in the immunotherapy of several blood malignancies,such as lymphoma and leukemia,as well as for autoimmune diseases. In this review article,we will discuss methods of mouse and human monoclonal antibody production. We will demonstrate the role of mouse mA b in the detection of HcV antigens as rapid and sensitive immunodiagnostic assays for the detection of HcV,which is a major health problem throughout the world,particularly in Egypt. We will discuss the value of HcV-neutralizing antibodies and their roles in the immunotherapy of HcV infections and in HcV vaccine development. We will also discuss the different mechanisms by which the virus escape the effect of neutralizing mA b. Finally,we will discuss available and new trends to produce antibodies,such as egg yolk-based antibodies(Ig Y),production in transgenic plants,and the synthetic antibody mimics approach.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Monoclonal antibodies Immunodiag

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Ribavirin contributes to eradicate hepatitis c virus through polarization of T helper 1/2 cell balance into T helper 1 dominance

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第25期7卷 2590-2596页

作者： Katsuhisa Nakatsuka Masanori Atsukawa Masumi Shimizu Hidemi Takahashi chiaki Kawamoto Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineNippon Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Nippon Medical School

The mechanism of action of ribavirin(RBV) as an immunomodulatory and antiviral agent and its clinical significance in the future treatment of patients with hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection are *** up-regulates type 1 and/or 2 cytokines to modulate the T helper(Th) 1/2 cell balance to Th1 *** of co-stimulatory signaling indicated that RBV down-modulates inducible co-stimulator on Th cells,which contributes to differentiating na?ve Th cells into Th2 cells while reducing their interleukin-10 *** effects on T-regulatory(Treg) cells were also investigated,and RBV inhibited the differentiation of na?ve Th cells into adaptive Treg cells by downmodulating forkhead *** findings indicate that RBV mainly down-regulates the activity of Th2 cells,resulting in the maintenance of Th1 activity that contributes to abrogating HcV-infected *** an interferon-free treatment regimen exhibits almost the same efficacy without serious complications,regimens with RBV will be still be used because of their ability to facilitate the cellular immune response,which may contribute to reducing the development of hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients infected with HcV.

关键词： Ribavirin Forkhead box-P3 T helper 1/2cell balance T-regulatory lymphocytes Inducible costimulator Interleukin-10 Hepatitis c virus infection

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All-oral interferon-free treatments:The end of hepatitis c virus story,the dream and the reality

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第22期7卷 2363-2368页

作者： Luigi E Adinolfi Barbara Guerrera Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalGeriatric and Metabolic SciencesSecond University of Naples

The year 2014 marked the beginning of the end of the interferon era and the triumph of the all-oral interferon-free regimens for treatment of hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection. These innovative therapies are safe and yield a cure rate of over 90%. The scientifichepatology community is euphoric about the possibility of elimination and even eradication of HcV infection. However,the current high cost of the new all-oral regimens allows access to treatment only for a restricted number of HcV-infected patients. In addition,many other conditions such as modality of access and delivery of care,inadequate knowledge of HcV epidemiology and political commitments to be undertaken,hamper the fulfillment of the dream to eliminate the virus. Since,such conditions are not impossible to overcome,a global urgent effort must be made to allow a widespread access to the new treatments which will permit in the next years to avoid million of HcV-related deaths.

关键词： Sofosbuvir Simeprevir New-oral hepatitis c virus t

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