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Mi R-122 in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis c virus dual infection

World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 498-506页

作者： Kyoungsub Song chang Han Srikanta Dash Luis A Balart Tong Wu Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Tulane University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Tulane University School of Medicine

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis c virus(HcV) infections are the most common causes of chronic liver diseases and hepatocelluar carcinomas. Over the past few years, the liver-enriched micro RNA-122(mi R-122) has been shown to differentially regulate viral replication of HBV and HcV. It is notable that thelevel of mi R-122 is positively and negatively regulated by HcV and HBV, respectively. consistent with the welldocumented phenomenon that mi R-122 promotes HcV accumulation, inhibition of mi R-122 has been shown as an effective therapy for the treatment of HcV infection in both chimpanzees and humans. On the other hand, mi R-122 is also known to block HBV replication, and HBV has recently been shown to inhibit mi R-122 expression; such a reciprocal inhibition between mi R-122 and HBV suggests an intriguing possibility that mi R-122 replacement may represent a potential therapy for treatment of HBV infection. As HBV and HcV have shared transmission routes, dual infection is not an uncommon scenario, which is associated with more advanced liver disease than either HBV or HcV mono-infection. Thus, there is a clear need to further understand the interaction between HBV and HcV and to delineate the role of mi R-122 in HBV/HcV dual infection in order to devise effective therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of HBV/HcV dual infection, focusing on the pathobiological role and therapeutic potential of mi R-122.

关键词： MiR-122 Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis c virus Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis c virus dual infection

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Elastic and conductive MWcNT/SBS nanocomposites as superior piezoresistive sensors

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第1期12卷 17-19页

作者： Duan, Zhi-Qiang Li, Tian-Peng Yao, Kai Xuan, Zhao-Long Liu, Yi-Tao Shijiazhuang Mech Engn Coll Shijiazhuang 050003 Peoples R China Equipment Acad Dept Grad Management Beijing 101416 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Precis Instrument State Key Lab Precis Measurement Technol & Instru Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Herein conductive elastomers by homogeneous distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWcNTs) in a styrene-co-butadiene-co-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer matrix is reported. The inherent pi-pi stacking ensures nearly single-layer adsorption of the SBS molecules on the surfaces of MWcNTs, translating into reliable interfacial interactions. The resulting MWcNT/SBS nanocomposites are highly elastic and conductive. It is believed that this finding opens up a new way to fabricate conductive elastomers holding great promise as superior piezoresistive sensors that may integrate a 'touch' function in wearable electronics and computers.

关键词： styrene-co-butadiene-co-styrene triblock copolymer matrix nanosensors elastomers c wearable electronics Micromechanical and nanomechanical devices and systems filled polymers piezoresistive sensors homogeneous multiwalled carbon nanotube distribution conductive elastomers multi-wall carbon nanotubes Fabrication of MEMS and NEMS devices nanofabrication adsorption elastic nanocomposite evaporation and condensation MWcNT surfaces computers conductive MWcNT-SBS nanocomposite Sorption and accommodation coefficients (surface chemistry) conducting polymers interfacial interactions nanocomposites nearly single-layer adsorption Sensing and detecting devices piezoresistive devices inherent π-π stacking Structure of solid clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanostructured materials Microsensors and nanosensors Resistors polymer blends touch function Adsorption and desorption kinetics

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Oxidative stress modulation in hepatitis c virus infected cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第29期7卷 2880-2889页

作者： Sonia A Lozano-Sepulveda Owen L Bryan-Marrugo carlos cordova-Fletes Maria c Gutierrez-Ruiz Ana M Rivas-Estilla Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonMonterreyNuevo Leon 64460Mexico Department of Health Sciences Biological Sciences and Health DivisionSchool of Biological SciencesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) replication is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, where the virus can induce cellular stress. Oxidative cell damage plays an important role in HcV physiopathology. Oxidative stress is triggered when the concentration of oxygen species in the extracellular or intracellular environment exceeds antioxidant defenses. cells are protected and modulate oxidative stress through the interplay of intracellular antioxidant agents, mainly glutathione system(GSH) and thioredoxin; and antioxidant enzyme systems such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1. Also, the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants(vitamin c and E, N-acetylcysteine, glycyrrhizin, polyenylphosphatidyl choline, mitoquinone, quercetin, S-adenosylmethionine and silymarin) has already shown promising results as co-adjuvants in HcV therapy. Despite all the available information, it is not known how different agents with antiviral activity can interfere with the modulation of the cell redox state induced by HcV and decrease viral replication. This review describes an evidence-based consensus on molecular mechanisms involved in HcV replication and their relationship with cell damage induced by oxidative stress generated by the virus itself and cell antiviral machinery. It also describes some molecules that modify the levels of oxidative stress in HcV-infected cells.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Oxidative stress Reactiveoxygen species Vitamin E Antioxidants Glycyrrhizin S-adenosylmethionine N-acetylcysteine Silymarin

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Liver steatosis in hepatitis c patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第10期7卷 1337-1346页

作者： Emilio González-Reimers Geraldine Quintero-Platt Melchor Rodríguez-Gaspar Remedios Alemán-Valls Onán Pérez-Hernández Francisco Santolaria-Fernández Servicio de Medicina Interna Hospital Universitario de CanariasUniversidad de La LagunaTenerife

There is controversy regarding some aspects of hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection-associated liver steatosis,and their relationship with body fat stores. It has classically been found that HcV,especially genotype 3,exerts direct metabolic effects which lead to liver steatosis. This supports the existence of a so called viral steatosis and a metabolic steatosis,whichwould affect HcV patients who are also obese or diabetics. In fact,several genotypes exert metabolic effects which overlap with some of those observed in the metabolic syndrome. In this review we will analyse the pathogenic pathways involved in the development of steatosis in HcV patients. Several cytokines and adipokines also become activated and are involved in "pure" steatosic effects,in addition to inflammation. They are probably responsible for the evolution of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis,making it difficult to explain why such alterations only affect a proportion of steatosic patients.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus steatosis adiponectin Leptin Insulin resistance Proinflammatory cytokines Triglyceride synthesis Fatty acid oxidation

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Growth of nanocarbons by catalysis and their applications

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MRS BULLETIN 2017年第11期42卷 790-793页

作者： Thrower, Peter A. cheng, Hui-Ming Penn State Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn University Pk PA 16802 USA Chinese Acad Sci Inst Met Res Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst Beijing Peoples R China

Nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have had a remarkable history and impact on current applications. We briefly review the genesis and development of nanocarbons over the last 50 years, referencing key articles, including the role of catalysts in their formation. This issue focuses on the formation mechanisms and controlled growth of carbon nanotubes and graphene on substrates through catalytic processes. The five contributions in this issue review the mechanisms and theory of catalytic growth of nanocarbons (carbon nanotube forests, superaligned arrays, single-wall carbon nanotubes), the growth of large-quantity, high-quality graphene on metal substrates, and the unique and excellent properties for current and potential commercial applications.

关键词： c catalytic nanoscale

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Flows in one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon nanochannels: Fast and curious

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MRS BULLETIN 2017年第4期42卷 278-282页

作者： Majumder, Mainak Siria, Alessandro Bocquet, Lyderic Monash Univ Mech Engn Clayton Vic Australia Monash Univ Chem Engn Clayton Vic Australia Ecole Normale Super Lab Phys Stat Paris France Ecole Normale Super Phys Paris France

carbon materials exist in a large number of allotropic forms and exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties. From the perspective of fluidics, particularly within the confines of the nanoscale afforded by one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (cNTs) and two-dimensional graphene structures, many unique properties have been discovered. However, other questions, such as the link between electronic states and hydrodynamics and accurate model predictions of transport, remain unanswered. Theoretical studies, experiments in large-scale ensembles of cNTs and stacked graphene sheets, and precise measurements at the single-pore and single-molecule level have helped in our understanding. These activities have led to explosive growth in the field, now known as carbon nanofluidics. The ability to produce membranes and devices from fluid phases of graphene oxide, which retain these special properties in molecular-scale flow channels, promises realization of applications in the near term.

关键词： fluidics nanoscale c

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Low pump threshold cVD graphene based passively harmonic mode-locked fibre laser

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ELEcTRONIcS LETTERS 2017年第5期53卷 330-+页

作者： chow, Kin Kee Manchester Metropolitan Univ Sch Engn John Dalton BldgChester St Manchester M1 5GD Lancs England

A low pump threshold passively harmonic mode-locked fibre laser is demonstrated. The key component is a chemical vapour deposition grown graphene saturable absorber to enable higher order harmonic mode-locking (HML) of the fibre laser with good output noise characteristics. With a relatively low pump power of 100 mW, the fibre laser generates approximate to 1 ps soliton pulses at the 21st order of HML with 40 dB of super-mode noise suppression.

关键词： fibre lasers laser mode locking laser noise optical pumping optical saturable absorption optical solitons optical harmonic generation optical pulse generation graphene c power 100 mW super-mode noise suppression soliton pulses output noise characteristics higher order HML higher order harmonic mode-locking graphene saturable absorber chemical vapour deposition passively harmonic mode-locked fibre laser low pump threshold cVD graphene

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Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第1期12卷 45-48页

作者： Shao, Na Wu, Jian Yang, Xing Yao, Jialin Shi, Yunsheng Zhou, Zhaoying Nanchang Hangkong Univ Sch Informat Engn Nanchang 330063 Jiangxi Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Precis Instruments Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Precis Measurement Technol & Instru Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Nanchang Hangkong Univ Sch Aeronaut Mfg Engn Nanchang 330063 Jiangxi Peoples R China Mech Engn Coll Dept Elect & Optic Engn Hebei 050003 Peoples R China

Flexible pressure sensors offer the advantages of flexibility, low cost, and easy to large area fabrication, and they have wide applications in many fields. This work proposes a flexible capacitive pressure sensor that exhibits a sandwich-like structure, a good performance, and a simple process. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) is used to fabricate the two electrodes of the sensor because this low cost material possesses good mechanical and electronic properties. Meanwhile, MWNT naturally forms numerous micro-nano structures that can enhance the sensitivity of a sensor. In addition, the dielectric layer of the sensor composed of parylene c (poly(chloro-p-xylylene)) is sandwiched between the two electrodes. The experimental results show that the pressure sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and a rapid response. The average sensitivity is 1.33 kPa (1) at a pressure that ranges from 0 to 758 Pa and the response time reach to millisecond level. Given that low cost, good property and simple process, the sensor has wide application prospects in electronic skins, health monitoring devices, and other wearable electronic products.

关键词： nanosensors Pressure and vacuum measurement flexible capacitive pressure sensor c dielectric materials multi-wall carbon nanotubes microsensors electrodes micronano structure health monitoring device sandwich-like structure Fullerene, nanotube and related devices mechanical property capacitive sensors pressure 0 Pa to 758 Pa Impedance and admittance measurement electronic property pressure measurement wearable electronic product Dielectric materials and properties parylene c multiwalled carbon nanotube electrode dielectric layer electronic skin pressure sensors MWNT Pressure measurement Sensing and detecting devices capacitance measurement Microsensors and nanosensors poly(chloro-p-xylylene) Measurement of basic electric and magnetic variables

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A VEDA simulation on cement paste: using dynamic atomic force microscopy to characterize cellulose nanocrystal distribution

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MRS cOMMUNIcATIONS 2017年第3期7卷 672-676页

作者： cao, Yizheng Verian, Kho Pin lbany Mol Res Inc SSCI W Lafayette IN 47906 USA Solidia Technol Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

cellulose nanocrystal (cNc) enhances mechanical performance of cement composites via short-circuit diffusion (ScD). cNcs transport water along their hydrophilic surface into the unhydrated cement cores to induce extra hydration. It is important to characterize cNc distribution because it determines the ScD pathways. This study for the first time, employs virtual environment dynamic atomic force microscopy, an atomic force microscopy computational tool to investigate cNc distribution in both fresh and hardened cement pastes. The methods not only provide insights in a static context (hardened sample), but also offer opportunities to evaluate the interaction of cNcs with calcium-silicate-hydrate growth during the kinetic early ages of hydration.

关键词： omega real-time frequency omega(d) driving frequency omega(n) natural frequency omega(0) resonant frequency of the oscillator in vacuum rho density eta viscosity K constant for a given cantilever p(1) p(2) q(1) q(2) q(3) q(4) fitting coefficients c cNc concentration

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Effects of chirality on single-file water permeability and diffusivity through single wall carbon nanotubes

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2017年第2期12卷 109-112页

作者： Binesh, Alireza R. Kamali, Reza Malek E Ashtar Univ Technol Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Sch Mech Engn Shiraz *** Iran

In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of single-file water permeation through carbon nanotube (cNT) membranes have been performed and for a better understanding of the relationship between water transport performance of these biomimetic membranes and chirality of cNTs, the key parameters such as osmotic and diffusive permeability constants and diffusion coefficients are investigated. For this purpose, cNTs with approximately same diameters and different chirality from armchair to zigzag are used to perform 40 nanosecond MD simulations of these membranes. The resulting permeability and diffusivity characteristics of single-file cNT membranes showed that water permeability constant and diffusion coefficient increase by changing in the chirality of cNTs from armchair to zigzag, with approximately similar size in diameter. Finally, the presented results provide useful insights into the design of cNT water transporters with best performance.

关键词： single-wall carbon nanotubes Film and membrane processes diffusion single wall carbon nanotubes Modelling and computer simulation of solid structure membranes biomimetic membranes chemical interdiffusion in solids c diffusivity diffusion coefficients chirality permeability Structure of fullerenes and fullerene-related materials water single file water permeability osmosis, electro-osmosis diffusive permeability constants molecular dynamics simulations ion exchange dialysis molecular dynamics method

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