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当代教研论丛 2016年第11期3卷 84-85页

作者：杨章静杨国为万鸣华詹天明南京审计大学工学院

c语言是国际上广泛流行的计算机语言,既用来写系统软件,也用来写应用软件。c语言兼具高级语言形式、低级语言功能特殊的魅力,学生一旦掌握该语言,就可以轻松地学习其他任何一种程序设计语言。因此,c语言教学改革,无论对于学生学习,还是... 详细信息

c语言是国际上广泛流行的计算机语言,既用来写系统软件,也用来写应用软件。c语言兼具高级语言形式、低级语言功能特殊的魅力,学生一旦掌握该语言,就可以轻松地学习其他任何一种程序设计语言。因此,c语言教学改革,无论对于学生学习,还是对其他语言课的教学改革都有重要意义。目前c语言教学还存在着一些问题,有待改革与探讨。

关键词： c 语言教学问题对策

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Mechanical Ventilation: State of the Art

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MAYO cLINIc PROcEEDINGS 2017年第9期92卷 1382-1400页

作者： Pham, Tai Brochard, Laurent J. Slutsky, Arthur S. Univ Toronto Interdept Div Crit Care Toronto ON Canada St Michaels Hosp Keenan Res Ctr Biomed Sci Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst Toronto ON Canada

Mechanical ventilation is the most used short-term life support technique worldwide and is applied daily for a diverse spectrum of indications, from scheduled surgical procedures to acute organ failure. This state-of-the-art review provides an update on the basic physiology of respiratory mechanics, the working principles, and the main ventilatory settings, as well as the potential complications of mechanical ventilation. Specific ventilatory approaches in particular situations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are detailed along with protective ventilation in patients with normal lungs. We also highlight recent data on patient-ventilator dyssynchrony, humidified high-flow oxygen through nasal cannula, extracorporeal life support, and the weaning phase. Finally, we discuss the future of mechanical ventilation, addressing avenues for improvement. (c) 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

关键词： ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome cOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c RS compliance of the respiratory system E RS elastance of the respiratory system FIO 2 fraction of inspired oxygen IcU intensive care unit MV mechanical ventilation NIV noninvasive ventilation ΔP pressure change PBW predicted body weight PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure P 0 initial alveolar pressure Pplat plateau pressure PSV pressure support ventilation RcT randomized controlled trial SBT spontaneous breathing trial SpO 2 pulse oximetry oxygen saturation VILI ventilator-induced lung injury Vt tidal volume

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血清 cys-c、hs-cRP 及 NGAL 联合检测在Ⅱ型糖尿病早期肾病诊断中的价值

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中国现代医药杂志 2016年第8期18卷 32-34页

作者：温陈媛福建省龙岩市第二医院内分泌科 364000

目的：探讨胱抑素 c（cys-c）、超敏 c 反应蛋白（hs-cRP）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）联合检测在早期糖尿病肾病（DN）诊断中的应用。方法选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院就诊的Ⅱ型糖尿病（T2DM）患者84例作为研究对象，... 详细信息

目的：探讨胱抑素 c（cys-c）、超敏 c 反应蛋白（hs-cRP）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）联合检测在早期糖尿病肾病（DN）诊断中的应用。方法选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院就诊的Ⅱ型糖尿病（T2DM）患者84例作为研究对象，按尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）分为单纯糖尿病组（A 组，n=21）、早期 DN 组（B 组，n=29）、DN 组（c 组， n=34），选择同期在我院体检者30例为健康对照组。采用全自动生化分析仪检测受检者肝肾功能指标，并用 ELISA 法检测受检者血清 NGAL 水平。结果 A 组肝肾功能指标与对照组比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）；B 组血清肌酐（Scr）、尿素（Urea）测定结果与 A 组和对照组无显著性差异（P>0.05），而 cys-c、hs-cRP 及 NGAL 测定结果显著高于 A 组和对照组（P<0.05）；c 组与 A、B 两组及对照组比较，各指标均有显著性差异（P<0.05）；T2DM 患者出现早期肾功能损伤时，cys-c、hs-cRP、NGAL 的异常检出率显著高于 Scr 及 Urea（P<0.05）。结论联合检测 cys-c、hs-cRP 及 NGAL 有助于诊断早期肾损伤，对控制糖尿病肾病的发展有重要的临床意义。

关键词：糖尿病肾病胱抑素 c 超敏 c 反应蛋白中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白

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Platinum pharmacokinetics in mice following inhalation of cisplatin dry powders with different release and lung retention properties

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMAcEUTIcS 2017年第1-2期517卷 359-372页

作者： Levet, Vincent Merlos, Romain Rosiere, Remi Amighi, Karim Wauthoz, Nathalie Univ Libre Bruxelles Lab Pharmaceut & Biopharmaceut Fac Pharm Bd Triomphe CP 207Campus Plaine B-1050 Brussels Belgium

Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin administered by the pulmonary route were established in mice using dry powders inhaler (DPI) formulations showing immediate (F1) and controlled release (cR, solid lipid microparticles) in vitro, without (F2) or with PEGylated excipients (F3, F4). Formulation administration was realized using dry powder blends (correspondingly named thereafter F1(B) to F4(B)) able to reproducibly deliver particles in vivo using a DP-4M Dry Powder Insufflator (TM). Their platinum pharmacokinetics were established over 48 h in lungs, total blood and non-target organs vs. IV and endotracheal nebulization (EN). EN and FIB were rapidly distributed from the lungs (t(1/2)(i) 2.6 and 5.0 min). F2(B) was eliminated in similar to 1 h (t(1/2)(i) 9.0 min). F3(B) lung retention was sustained for similar to 7 h (t(1/2)(i) 59.9 min), increasing lung AUc 11-, 4 and 3-fold vs. IV, F1(B) and F2(B). Total blood t(max) were higher and AUc and c-max lower using the pulmonary route vs. IV. Kidney c-max was reduced 6-, 2- and 3-fold for F1(B), F2(B) and F3(B). AUc in kidneys were 2- to 3-fold lower for F1(B) and F2(B) vs. IV but comparable for IV vs. F3(B), probably because of kidney saturation. PEGylated solid lipid microparticles provided cisplatin particles with interesting lung retention and cR properties. (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS, Pubchem cID:71406) cisplatin (Pubchem cID:441203) Distearoyl phosphoethanolamine polyethylene glycol 2000, sodium salt (DSPE-mPEG-2000, Pubchem cID:86278270) l -leucine (Pubchem cID: 6106) d -mannitol (Pubchem cID: 6251), tristearin (TS, Pubchem cID:11146) AUc area under the curve bw body weight cI carr’s index c max peak concentration cR controlled release d ae aerodynamic diameter DD dry diluent DPB dry powder blend DPI dry powder inhaler DSPE-mPEG-2000 distearoyl phosphoethanolamine polyethylene glycol 2000, sodium salt DSc differential scanning calorimetry EE D emission efficiency in dose EE M emission efficiency in mass EN endotracheal nebulization ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry FDA Food and Drug Administration IR immediate release IV intravenous k el i initial elimination rate constant k el t terminal elimination rate constant LLOQ lower limit of quantification LOD limit of detection Mcc mucociliary clearance MPS macrophage phagocytic system NScLc non-small cell lung cancer PK pharmacokinetic PSD particle size distribution ScLc small cell lung cancer SD spray dried SLM solid lipid microparticles SEM scanning electron microscopy t 1/2 i initial half-life t 1/2 t terminal half-life T a targeting advantage T e targeting efficiency TPGS alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate t max time at peak concentration ( c max ) TS tristearin UD D uniformity of the delivered dose UD M uniformity of the delivered mass USP U.S. Pharmacopeial convention XRPD X-ray powder diffraction Dry powder for inhalation Lung retention Lung cancer chemotherapy controlled release Stealth formulation Solid lipid microparticles cisplatin

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长寿命、高倍率超级电容器电极材料的研究——三明治型MoO_3/c插层复合物的原位合成

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常熟理工学院学报 2016年第2期30卷 120-122页

作者：季红梅杨刚常熟理工学院化学与材料工程学院江苏常熟215500

利用典型的二维材料α-MoO_3为前驱物,设计并合成了一种特殊的α-MoO_3层和石墨烯插层复合材料.三明治型的MoO_3/c杂化电极材料具有宽的离子扩散通道,低的电荷迁移电阻和稳定的结构,因此具有优异的储能特性.在1 A·g^(-1)的电流密度... 详细信息

利用典型的二维材料α-MoO_3为前驱物,设计并合成了一种特殊的α-MoO_3层和石墨烯插层复合材料.三明治型的MoO_3/c杂化电极材料具有宽的离子扩散通道,低的电荷迁移电阻和稳定的结构,因此具有优异的储能特性.在1 A·g^(-1)的电流密度下,MoO_3/c复合物的比容量为331 F·g^(-1);10 A·g^(-1)时,比容量保持率达到71%.除此,该材料还具有良好的循环稳定性,在1 000~10 000圈的循环过程中比容量基本无衰减.优异的倍率性能使该电极材料具有高功率密度(12.0 k W·kg^(-1))和能量密度(41.2 Wh·kg^(-1)).

关键词：二维材料 Mo O_3 c 插层超级电容器

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Evaluation of different in vitro dissolution tests based on level A in vitro-in vivo correlations for fenofibrate self-emulsifying lipid-based formulations

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMAcEUTIcS AND BIOPHARMAcEUTIcS 2017年 112卷 18-29页

作者： Pestieau, Aude Lebrun, Sonia cahay, Bernard Brouwers, Adeline Streel, Bruno cardot, Jean-Michel Evrard, Brigitte Univ Liege CIRM Dept Pharm Lab Pharmaceut Technol & Biopharm B-4000 Liege Belgium Galephar MF Res Ctr Rue Parc Ind 39 B-6900 Marche En Famenne Belgium Auvergne Univ Dept Biopharmaceut & Pharmaceut Technol Biopharmaceut Lab F-630001 Clermont Ferrand France

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Inhibitory effects of the essential oils -longipinene and linalool on biofilm formation and hyphal growth of candida albicans

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BIOFOULING 2017年第2期33卷 143-155页

作者： Manoharan, Ranjith Kumar Lee, Jin-Hyung Kim, Yong-Guy Kim, Soon-Il Lee, Jintae Yeungnam Univ Sch Chem Engn Gyongsan South Korea Nareso Res Ctr Suwon South Korea

candida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens, and causes systemic and invasive infections in humans. c. albicans biofilms are composed of yeast and hyphal and pseudohyphal elements, and the transition of yeast to the hyphal stage could be a virulence factor. In this study, diverse essential oils were initially investigated for anti-biofilm activity against c. albicans strains, and cascarilla bark oil and helichrysum oil and their components -longipinene (a major constituent of both) and linalool were found to markedly inhibit biofilm formation without affecting planktonic cell growth. Moreover, -longipinene and linalool were found to synergistically reduce biofilm formation. Notably, treatments with cascarilla bark oil, helichrysum oil, -longipinene, or linalool clearly inhibited hyphal formation, and this appeared to be largely responsible for their anti-biofilm effect. Furthermore, the two essential oils, -longipinene and linalool, reduced c. albicans virulence in caenorhabditis elegans.

关键词： c albicans essential oil biofilm formation hyphal formation caenorhabditis elegans

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Prostaglandin synthases: Molecular characterization and involvement in prostaglandin biosynthesis

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PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARcH 2017年 66卷 50-68页

作者： Seo, Min-Ju Oh, Deok-Kun Konkuk Univ Dept Biosci & Biotechnol 120 Neungdong Ro Seoul 05029 South Korea

Prostaglandins (PGs) belong to a subclass of eicosanoids and are classified based on the structures of the cyclopentane ring and their number of double bonds in their hydrocarbon structures. PGs are important lipid mediators that are involved in inflammatory response. The biosynthesis of diverse PGs from unsaturated c20 fatty acids containing at least three double bonds such as dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid (20:3(Delta 8Z,11Z,14Z)), arachidonic acid (20:4(Delta 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(Delta 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is enables by various PG synthases, including prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-HPGD), PGES, PGDS, PGFS, PGIS, and thromboxane A synthase (TXAS). This review summarizes the biochemical properties, reaction mechanism, and active site details of PG synthases. Because PGs are involved in the immune system, an understanding of PG synthases is important in the design of new anti-inflammatory drugs. The biosynthesis of PGs in various organisms, such as mammals, corals, florideae (a class of red algae), yeast, and fungi, is also introduced. The expression of PG synthases in the microbial systems for the synthesis of PGs is discussed. Now, the biosynthesis of PGs from glucose or glycerol is possible using metabolically engineered cells expressing both unsaturated fatty acid-producing enzymes and PG synthases.

关键词： AA arachidonic acid AKR aldo-keto reductase AOS allene oxide synthase c X carbon numbers cOX cyclooxygenase cPGES cytosolic PGE synthase cPLA 2 cytosolic phospholipase A 2 cYP cytochrome P450 DGLA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid DP prostaglandin D receptor EGF-like epidermal growth factor-like EP prostaglandin E receptor EPA eicosapentaenoic acid ER endoplasmic reticulum Fet3 multicopper oxidase homolog FP prostaglandin F receptor GSH glutathione GPcRs G protein-coupled receptors HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid HEK human embryonic kidney HHT hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid HPETE hydroperoxyeicosatetraenic acid HPGD hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase H-PGDS hematopoietic PGD synthase Hsp heat shock protein IP prostaglandin I receptor Lac1 laccase encoding gene LOX lipoxygenase L-PGDS lipocalin PGD synthase MAPEG membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and GSH metabolism Me methyl ester mPGES membrane-bound PGE synthase Mw molecular weight NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NREM non-rapid eye movement Ole2 fatty acid desaturase homolog PDB protein data bank PG prostaglandin PGA prostaglandin A PGB prostaglandin B PGc prostaglandin c PGD prostaglandin D PGE prostaglandin E PGF prostaglandin F PGG prostaglandin G PGH prostaglandin H PGI prostaglandin I PGJ prostaglandin J PGT PG transporter PGDS prostaglandin D synthase PGES prostaglandin E synthase PGFS prostaglandin F synthase PGHS prostaglandin G/H synthase PGIS prostaglandin I synthase POX peroxidase PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid SDR short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase TP thromboxane A receptor TXA thromboxane A TXB thromboxane B TXAS thromboxane A synthase

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血清 cys-c、β2-MG 水平与妊娠期高血压疾病肾脏损害的相关性分析

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中国现代医药杂志 2016年第8期18卷 35-38页

作者：苗昊刘晓辉杜卫军张雁吉林省吉林市中心医院妇产科，132000

目的：探讨血清 cys-c 和β2-MG 水平与妊娠期高血压的相关性及其对妊娠期高血压患者肾脏损害的诊断价值。方法收集2015年1~12月在我院住院分娩的妊娠期高血压患者84例为研究对象，检测患者血清 cys-c、β2-MG、crea 与 Urea 表达水平... 详细信息

目的：探讨血清 cys-c 和β2-MG 水平与妊娠期高血压的相关性及其对妊娠期高血压患者肾脏损害的诊断价值。方法收集2015年1~12月在我院住院分娩的妊娠期高血压患者84例为研究对象，检测患者血清 cys-c、β2-MG、crea 与 Urea 表达水平，运用统计学方法分析检验结果。结果 cys-c、β2-MG 水平与妊娠期高血压肾脏损害呈正相关；疾病的严重程度越高，cys-c 与β2-MG 的阳性率越高，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；cys-c 对妊娠期高血压肾脏损伤的诊断价值最高，其次为 crea 和β2-MG。结论 cys-c 及β2-MG 水平与妊娠期高血压肾脏损害呈正相关，且 cys-c 对妊娠期高血压疾病肾脏损害的诊断价值最高。

关键词：妊娠期高血压疾病胱抑素 c β2 微球蛋白血肌酐肾脏功能

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characterisation by multilocus sequence and porA and flaA typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from samples of dog faeces collected in one city in New Zealand

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NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL 2017年第4期65卷 209-213页

作者： Mohan, V. Stevenson, M. A. Marshall, J. c. French, N. P. Massey Univ Infect Dis Res Inst Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci mEpiLab Palmerston North New Zealand Univ Melbourne Fac Vet Sci Parkville Vic Australia Inst Plant & Food Res Auckland New Zealand

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. and c. jejuni in dog faecal material collected from dog walkways in the city of Palmerston North, New Zealand, and to characterise the c. jejuni isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and porA and flaA antigen gene ***: A total of 355 fresh samples of dogs faeces were collected from bins provided for the disposal of dog faeces in 10 walkways in Palmerston North, New Zealand, between August 2008-July 2009. Presumptive campylobacter colonies, cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate plates, were screened for genus campylobacter and c. jejuni by PcR. The c. jejuni isolates were subsequently characterised by MLST and porA and flaA typing, and c. jejuni sequence types (ST) were ***: Of the 355 samples collected, 72 (20 (95% cI=16-25)%) were positive for campylobacter spp. and 22 (6 (95% cI=4-9)%) were positive for c. jejuni. Of the 22 c. jejuni isolates, 19 were fully typed by MLST. Ten isolates were assigned to the clonal complex ST-45 and three to ST-52. The allelic combinations of ST-45/flaA 21/porA 44 (n=3), ST-45/flaA 22/porA 53 (n=3) and ST-52/ flaA 57/porA 905 (n=3) were most ***: The successful isolation of c. jejuni from canine faecal samples collected from faecal bins provides evidence that campylobacter spp. may survive outside the host for at least several hours despite requiring fastidious growth conditions in culture. The results show that dogs carry c. jejuni genotypes (ST-45, ST-50, ST-52 and ST-696) that have been reported in human clinical *** RELEVANcE: Although these results do not provide any evidence either for the direction of infection or for dogs being a potential risk factor for human campylobacteriosis, dog owners are advised to practice good hygiene with respect to their pets to reduce potential exposure to infection.

关键词： campylobacter spp c jejuni dog faeces prevalence multilocus sequence typing porA flaA typing

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