In 2009, several groups reported that interleukin-28B(IL28B) genotypes are associated with the response to peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection in a genome-wide association...
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In 2009, several groups reported that interleukin-28B(IL28B) genotypes are associated with the response to peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection in a genome-wide association study, although the mechanism of this association is not yet well understood. However, in recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of HcV infection. In Japan, some patients infected with HcV have the IL28 B major genotype, which may indicate a favorable response to interferon-including regimens; however, certain patients within this group are also interferon-intolerant or ineligible. In Japan, interferonfree 24-wk regimens of asunaprevir and daclatasvir are now available for HcV genotype 1b-infected patients who are interferon-intolerant or ineligible or previous treatment null-responders. The treatment response to interferon-free regimens appears better, regardless of IL28 B genotype. Maybe other interferon-free regimens will widely be available soon. In conclusion, although some HcV-infected individuals have IL28 B favorable alleles, importance of IL28 B will be reduced with availability of oral interferon free regimen.
correctly synchronizing multithreaded programs is challenging and errors can lead to program failures such as atomicity violations. Existing strong memory consistency models rule out some possible failures, but are li...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450349116
correctly synchronizing multithreaded programs is challenging and errors can lead to program failures such as atomicity violations. Existing strong memory consistency models rule out some possible failures, but are limited by depending on programmer-defined locking code. We present the new Ordering-Free Region (OFR) serializability consistency model that ensures atomicity for OFRs, which are spans of dynamic instructions between consecutive ordering constructs (e.g., barriers), without breaking atomicity at lock operations. Our platform, Serializable Ordering-Free Regions for Increasing Thread Atomicity Scalably (SOFRITAS), ensures a c/c++ program's execution is equivalent to a serialization of OFRs by default. We build two systems that realize the SOFRITAS idea: a concurrency bug finding tool for testing called SofriTest, and a production runtime system called SoPro. SofriTest uses OFRs to find concurrency bugs, including a multi-critical-section atomicity violation in memcached that weaker consistency models will miss. If OFRs are too coarse-grained, SofriTest suggests refinement annotations automatically. Our software-only SoPro implementation has high performance, scales well with increased parallelism, and prevents failures despite bugs in locking code. SoPro has an average overhead of just 1.59x on a single-threaded execution and 1.51x on sixteen threads, despite pthreads' much weaker memory model.
Hepatitis c infection can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Achieving a sustained virological response has been the major aim for decades. Interfer...
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Hepatitis c infection can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Achieving a sustained virological response has been the major aim for decades. Interferon treatment was the primarily developed therapy against the infection. Addition of the guanosine analog ribavirin to stop viral RNA synthesis increased the response rates as well as the adverse effects of the treatment. The increasing demands for alternative regimens led to the development of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs). The approval of sofosbuvir and simeprevir signaled a new era of antiviral treatment for hepatitis c infection. Although the majority of studies have been performed with DAAs in combination with interferon and resulted in a decrease in treatment duration and increase in response rates, the response rates achieved with interferon-free regimens provided hope for patients ineligible for therapy with interferon. Most DAA studies are in phase Ⅱ leading to phase Ⅲ. In the near future more DAAs are expected to be approved. The main disadvantage of the therapy remains the cost of the drugs. Here, we focus on new treatment strategies for hepatitis c infection as well as agents targeting hepatitis c virus replication that are in clinical development.
Knowledge extraction is the discovery of knowledge from structured and/or unstructured sources. This knowledge can be used to build or enrich a domain ontology. Source code is rarely used. But implementation platforms...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319777023;9783319777030
Knowledge extraction is the discovery of knowledge from structured and/or unstructured sources. This knowledge can be used to build or enrich a domain ontology. Source code is rarely used. But implementation platforms evolve faster than business logic and these evolutions are usually integrated directly into source code without updating the conceptual model. In this paper, we present a generic approach for knowledge extraction from source code of typed programming languages using Hidden Markov Models. This approach consist of the definition of the HMMso that it can be used to extract any type of knowledge from the source code. The method is experimented on EPIcAM and GeoServer developed in Java and on MapServer developed in c/c++. Structural evaluation shows that source code contains a structure that permit to build a domain ontology and functional evaluation shows that source code contains more knowledge than those contained in both databases and meta-models.
Oxidative transformations of c 1 -c 4 alkanes into olefins on oxide manganese catalysts were under study. We also studied oxidative coupling of methane (OcM) into ethylene on deposited and applied on the silicon dioxi...
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Oxidative transformations of c 1 -c 4 alkanes into olefins on oxide manganese catalysts were under study. We also studied oxidative coupling of methane (OcM) into ethylene on deposited and applied on the silicon dioxide catalysts. We studied the influence of chemical composition of catalyst and promotors on the OcM. Adding a little amount of ethane and propane hydrocarbons to methane allows increasing the concentration of ethylene in gases and significantly increasing productivity in ethylene. The study also shows the impact of the amount of manganese and promotors applied on SiO 2 on the yield of olefins during the conversion of c 3 -c 4 alkanes.
c. G. Jung's literary theories provide insights into the archetypal dynamics behind Suzanne collins's The Hunger Games and help elucidate the trilogy's astonishing global popularity. President Snow represe...
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c. G. Jung's literary theories provide insights into the archetypal dynamics behind Suzanne collins's The Hunger Games and help elucidate the trilogy's astonishing global popularity. President Snow represents a senex archetype whose reign has petrified and is in need of renewal, whereas Katniss represents a feminine hero aligned with the Self. Jung believed myths compensate for the one-sided dominant attitude of an era, and it is plausible The Hunger Games speaks to the present-day danger of an overly powerful senex in the form of big government and corporate power. Published in 2008, the story offers a metaphoric understanding of the deep dissatisfaction with the Bush administration.
Pd(II)–MoS 2 catalyst was designed by affording Pd 2+ salt on the surface of single-layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. . Based on the dispersible template, this metal salt and molybdenum disulfide complex offer...
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Pd(II)–MoS 2 catalyst was designed by affording Pd 2+ salt on the surface of single-layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. . Based on the dispersible template, this metal salt and molybdenum disulfide complex offered several advantages, including easy preparation, low cost, and capability to prepare excellent dispersible metal ion cluster nanostructures. The application of this complex in alkenylation of heteroaromatics was reported. Direct c H activation of indoles, furans and thiophenes was carried out to combine with several kinds of terminal olefins. This catalyst also performed high efficiency in several other kinds of coupling reactions. Thus, a universal suitable catalyst for c H activation and cc bond formation was invented by a convenient in situ preparation.
Vitamin c is a water soluble vitamin found in many natural sources, citric fruits, vegetables, particularly as antioxidants and as a factor to catabolism and metabolism. The aim of this article is to correlate the lev...
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Vitamin c is a water soluble vitamin found in many natural sources, citric fruits, vegetables, particularly as antioxidants and as a factor to catabolism and metabolism. The aim of this article is to correlate the level of vitamin c and the hydroxyproline level in urine samples among young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years. Materials and Methods: Urine samples of 34 individuals of both sexes, their ages ranged from 5 - 14 years were collected and analyzed for determination of Urinary Hydroxyproline by using Modified Neuman and Logan Method. The result of this study shows a significant correlation between Vitamin c and Hydroxyproline at level 0.01. The conclusion of this study was that low vitamin c intake was found among young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years, Vitamin c should be supplemented in the drinks taken by young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years as well as further research and investigation with large samples required to include all children from middle and southern Palestine.
The nanowire-shaped α-MoO 3 and various metal-doped (W, Nb and Ta) α-MoO 3 was synthesized by hydrothermal route. The synthesized metal oxides were converted into corresponding carbides by carburization method using...
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The nanowire-shaped α-MoO 3 and various metal-doped (W, Nb and Ta) α-MoO 3 was synthesized by hydrothermal route. The synthesized metal oxides were converted into corresponding carbides by carburization method using urea as carbon source. The synthesized carbides were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the electrocatalytic activity for triiodide reduction was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The order of electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials are, W-α-Mo 2 c > α-Mo 2 c > Ta-α-Mo 2 c > Nb-α-Mo 2 c. The dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated with W-α-Mo 2 ccounter electrode found to show the better power conversion efficiency (2.53± 0.02%) than pure α-Mo 2 c, Nb and Ta-doped α-Mo 2 c. This study indicates that the W-doped α-Mo 2 c is a potential electrocatalyst for the applications in cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells.
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