Background and Aims Unhealthy alcohol consumption is a key concern for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ('Indigenous') communities. It is important to identify and treat at-risk drinkers, to prevent harms...
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Background and Aims Unhealthy alcohol consumption is a key concern for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ('Indigenous') communities. It is important to identify and treat at-risk drinkers, to prevent harms to physical or social wellbeing. We aimed to test whether training and support for Aboriginal community controlled Health Service (AccHS) staff would increase rates of alcohol screening and brief intervention. Design cluster randomized trial. Setting Australia. cases/Intervention/Measurements Twenty-two AccHSs that see at least 1000 clients per year and use communicare as practice management software. The study included data on 70 419 clients, training, regular data feedback, collaborative support and funding for resources ($9000). Blinding was not used. The comparator was waiting-list control (equal allocation). Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-c) screening and records of brief interventions were extracted from practice management software at 2-monthly intervals. Observations described the clinical actions taken for clients over each 2-month interval. The baseline period (28 August 2016-28 August 2017) was compared with the post-implementation period (29 August 2017-28 August 2018). We used multi-level logistic regression to test the hypotheses that clients attending a service receiving active support would be more likely to be screened with AUDIT-c (primary outcome) or to receive a brief intervention (secondary outcome). Findings We observed an increase in the odds of screening with AUDIT-c for both groups, but the increase was 5.52 [95% confidence interval (cI) = 4.31, 7.07] times larger at services receiving support. We found little evidence that the support programme increased the odds of a recorded brief intervention relative to control services (odds ratio = 2.06;95% cI = 0.90, 4.69). Differences in baseline screening activity between treatment and control reduce the certainty of our findings. conclusions Providing Aboriginal community co
Alzheimer's disease(AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease that results in deterioration of memory and cognitive function. As a currently untreatable disorder, AD has emerged as one of the defining bio...
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Alzheimer's disease(AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease that results in deterioration of memory and cognitive function. As a currently untreatable disorder, AD has emerged as one of the defining biomedical challenges of our time. Thus, new approaches that can examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related AD pathology are sorely needed. One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. caenorhabditis elegans have been previously used to study the genetic pathways impacted by tau proteotoxic stress;however, currently, available c. elegans tau models express the human protein solely in neurons, which are unresponsive to global RNA interference (RNAi). This limits powerful RNAi screening methods from being utilized effectively in these disease models. Our goal was to develop a c. elegans tau model that has pronounced tau-induced disease phenotypes in cells that can be modified by feeding RNAi methods. Towards this end, we generated a novel c. elegans transgenic line with codon-optimized human 0N4R V337M tau expressed in the body wall muscle under the myo-3 promoter. Immunoblotting experiments revealed that the expressed tau is phosphorylated on epitopes canonically associated with human AD pathology. The tau line has significantly reduced health metrics, including egg laying, growth rate, paralysis, thrashing frequency, crawling speed, and lifespan. These defects are suppressed by RNAi directed against the tau mRNA. Taken together, our results suggest that this alternative tau genetic model could be a useful tool for uncovering the mechanisms that influence the hyperphosphorylation and toxicity of human tau via RNAi screening and other approaches.
cobalt-nitrogen/carbon (co-N/c) was considered as the promising catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The combination of dense single-atom active site density and serviceable proton electronicconductivity is ...
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cobalt-nitrogen/carbon (co-N/c) was considered as the promising catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The combination of dense single-atom active site density and serviceable proton electronicconductivity is the key to improve the activity and stability of the catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we achieved the in-situ growth of massive carbon nanotubes (cNTs) during the synthesis of co-N/ccatalysts by precisely regulating the ratio of reactants in the metal-organic framework precursors. Notably, the dense deformed co-N4 sites were anchored on the in-situ grown cNTs, improving the triple-phase boundary and proton electronicconductivity of membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). Benefiting from the unique structure of dense co-N4 sites anchored on cNTs, the target catalyst co-N/c-1/4.4 exhibited high activity in both ORR (half-wave potential: 0.781 V, kineticcurrent@0.80 V = 2.25 mA cm-2) and fuel cell (H2-Air: 0.49 W cm-2) tests. And the in-situ grown cNTs with high graphitization degree led to a significant improvement in the stability of the catalyst (10 mV decay of half-wave potential after 30,000 cycles). We believe this research may provide new understanding into the development of non-PGM electrocatalysts with high performance at the atomic scale.
Despite the growing interest in using mixed-culture aerobic denitrifying fungal flora (mixed-cADFF) for water remediation, there is limited research on their nitrogen removal performance in low c/N polluted water bodi...
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Despite the growing interest in using mixed-culture aerobic denitrifying fungal flora (mixed-cADFF) for water remediation, there is limited research on their nitrogen removal performance in low c/N polluted water bodies. To address this knowledge gap, we isolated three mixed-cADFFs from overlying water in urban lakes to evaluate their removal performance. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 93.60 degrees Ao, 94.64 degrees Ao, and 95.18 degrees Ao, while the dissolved organiccarbon removal efficiencies were 96.64 degrees Ao, 95.12 degrees Ao, and 96.70 degrees Ao for mixed-cADFF LN3, LN7, and LN15, respectively in the denitrification medium under aerobicconditions at 48 h cultivation. The three mixed-cADFFs could utilize diverse types of low molecular weight carbon sources to drive the aerobic denitrification processes efficiently. The optimal c/N ratio for the mixed-cADFFs were c/N = 10, and then c/N = 15, 7, 5, and 2. The high-throughput sequencing analysis of three mixed-cADFFs indicated that Eurotiomycetes, cystobasidiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes were the dominant class in the communities at class level. The network analysis showed that the rare fungal species, such as Scedosporium dehoogii Saitozyma, and candida intermedia presented positively cooccurred with the TN removal and organic matter reduction capacity. Immobilization mixed-cADFFs treatment raw water experiments indicated that three mixed-cADFFs could reduce nearly 62.73 % of TN in the low c/N micropolluted raw water treatment. Moreover, the cell density and cell metabolism indexes were also increased during the raw water treatment. This study will provides new insight into resource utilization of the mixed-culture aerobic denitrifying fungal community in field of environment restoration.
Papaya (carica papaya L.) fruits showing typical anthracnose lesions were collected from Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Infected fruits showed brown to black, sunken water-soaked lesions with salmon- and black-colour...
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Papaya (carica papaya L.) fruits showing typical anthracnose lesions were collected from Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Infected fruits showed brown to black, sunken water-soaked lesions with salmon- and black-coloured acervuli. Fungal pathogens were isolated from the fruit samples, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and purified for subsequent analyses. A total of six colletotrichum isolates were subjected to morphological assessment and were divided into two morphotypes (I and II). Morphotype I produced conidia which were hyaline, fusiform with obtuse ends, while Morphotype II produced conidia which were hyaline, falcate with pointy ends. For phylogenetic analysis, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (AcT) and chitin synthase-1 (cHS-1) was performed and resulted in two well-supported and distinct clades. All test isolates were pathogenic in the detached fruit assay, and the same isolates were successfully re-isolated from the symptomatic fruit samples, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulate. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, morphological assessment and pathogenicity testing confirmed the identity of the isolates as c. brevisporum and c. truncatum. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of the two new species associated with papaya anthracnose in the Philippines.
Aging animals accumulate insoluble proteins as a consequence of a decline of proteostatic maintenance with age. In caenorhabditis elegans, for instance, levels of detergent-insoluble proteins increase with age. In lon...
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Aging animals accumulate insoluble proteins as a consequence of a decline of proteostatic maintenance with age. In caenorhabditis elegans, for instance, levels of detergent-insoluble proteins increase with age. In longer-lived strains of c. elegans, this accumulation occurs more slowly, implying a link to lifespan determination. We further explored this link and found that detergent-insoluble proteins accumulate more rapidly at higher temperatures, a condition where lifespan is short. We employed a c. elegans strain carrying a GFP transcriptional reporter under the control of a heat shock (hsp-16.2) promoter to investigate the dynamics of proteostatic failure in individual nematodes. We found that early, sporadic activation of hsp-16.2 was predictive of shorter remaining lifespan in individual nematodes. Exposure to rapamycin, resulting in reduced mTOR signaling, delayed spurious expression, extended lifespan, and delayed accumulation of insoluble proteins, suggesting that targets downstream of the mTOR pathway regulate the accumulation of insoluble proteins. We specifically explored ribosomal S6 kinase (rsks-1) as one such candidate and found that RNAi against rsks-1 also resulted in less age-dependent accumulation of insoluble proteins and extended lifespan. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of protein translation via reduced mTOR signaling resulted in slower accumulation of insoluble proteins, delayed proteostaticcrisis, and extended lifespan in c. elegans.
To control the inorganic nitrogen and bioflocconcentrations in the biofloc system, it is necessary to intensify the nitrogen removal by nitrification and denitrification. In this study, nitrifiers and aerobic denitri...
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To control the inorganic nitrogen and bioflocconcentrations in the biofloc system, it is necessary to intensify the nitrogen removal by nitrification and denitrification. In this study, nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifying bacteria were inoculated into aquaculture wastewater, with 16.80 mg/L of nitrogen input per day after start-up, and by addition of glucose and citrate c/N to 9 and 12, without adding carbon source as control (c/N 6.17). The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen and biofloc, and the diversity of the microbial community were investigated during the experimental period of 40 days. The results showed that 84.17-89.97% of nitrogen input was removed in all the treatments, residual nitrogen was higher in the glucose treatments. Lower inorganic nitrogen at a higher c/N ratio was obtained with the addition of the same carbon source due to more assimilation. Among all, the citrate treatment at c/N 12 obtained the best control in inorganic nitrogen concentrations and better in bioflocconcentration owing to efficient dissimilation and assimilation. Moreover, from day 26 to day 40, the number of detected OTUs increased by 22.90-58.40% while the Shannon indices have not changed much in all the treatments. Ten of the top 15 genera were the typical denitrifying genera in each treatment, the total abundance of these decreased by 7.00% to 58.00% while that of Paracoccus, as one of the denitrifiers added, increased by 3.00% to 25.00%. This suggested that the addition of citrate at higher c/N could improve the denitrification function of biofloc system.
Purpose: Gephyrin (GPHN) is an essential protein in the regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic density and polymorphism in the corresponding gene may have a role in the development of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE). ...
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Purpose: Gephyrin (GPHN) is an essential protein in the regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic density and polymorphism in the corresponding gene may have a role in the development of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE). For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the association of rs928553T/c variants with PRE susceptibility. Moreover, we have analyzed the genetic polymorphism affecting cYP2c9 "rs12782374G/A" in the same population to detect the effect of SNP on the drug-metabolizing ability of patients with PRE. Patients and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 100 patients (group A) and 100 healthy, age and sex-matched controls, unrelated to patients (group B). TaqManTM assays using real-time PcR were run for genotyping of rs928553T/c and rs12782374G/A in all participants. Results: GPHN T>c polymorphism revealed significant risk association with occurrence of PRE using dominant, recessive and codominant models as follows: TT vs (Tc+cc): OR 0.23, 95%cI: 0.13-0.43, P<0.001. In addition, (TT+Tc vs cc): OR 0.38, 95%cI: 0.18-0.77, P<0.001. Also, T vs c (OR 0.34, 95%cI: 0.22-0.51, P=<0.001). Similarly, cYP2c9 G>A polymorphism showed a significant increased risk of PRE (GG vs (GA+AA): OR 0.11, 95% cI: 0.05-0.23, P<0.001). Furthermore, (GG+GA vs AA): OR 0.18, 95%cI: 0.084-0.39, P<0.001. Also, G vs A (OR 0.24, 95%cI: 0.15-0.366, P=<0.001). conclusion: Mutation of both GPHN (rs928553) and cYP2c9 (rs1278237) genes may be implicated as a genetic mediators of resistance in patients with PRE.
A partial rbcL sequence of the lectotype specimen of corallina berteroi shows that it is the earliest available name for c. ferreyrae. Multilocus species delimitation analyses (ABGD, SPN, GMYc, bPTP, and BPP) using in...
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A partial rbcL sequence of the lectotype specimen of corallina berteroi shows that it is the earliest available name for c. ferreyrae. Multilocus species delimitation analyses (ABGD, SPN, GMYc, bPTP, and BPP) using independent or concatenated cOI, psbA, and rbcL sequences recognized one, two, or three species in this complex, but only with weak support for each species hypothesis. conservatively, we recognize a single worldwide species in this complex of what appears to be multiple, evolving populations. Included in this species, besides c. ferreyrae, are c. caespitosa, the morphologically distinct c. melobesioides, and, based on a partial rbcL sequence of the holotype specimen, c. pinnatifolia. corallina berteroi, not c. officinalis, is the cosmopolitan temperate species found thus far in the NE Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, warm temperate NW Atlantic and NE Pacific, cold temperate SW Atlantic (Falkland Islands), cold and warm temperate SE Pacific, NW Pacific and southern Australia. Also proposed is c. yendoi sp. nov. from Hokkaido, Japan, which was recognized as distinct by 10 of the 13 species discrimination analyses, including the multilocus BPP.
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