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Differential expression of genes in c. elegans reveals transcriptional responses to indirect-acting xenobiotic compounds and insensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

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EcOTOXIcOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022年 233卷 113344-113344页

作者： Karengera, Antoine Sterken, Mark G. Kammenga, Jan E. Riksen, Joost A. G. Dinkla, Inez J. T. Murk, Albertinka J. Wageningen Univ Dept Anim Sci Marine Anim Ecol Grp De Elst 1 NL-6708 WD Wageningen Netherlands Wetsus European Ctr Excellence Sustainable Water Technol Oostergoweg 9 NL-8911 MA Leeuwarden Netherlands Wageningen Univ Plant Sci Lab Nematol Droevendaalsesteeg 1 NL-6708 PB Wageningen Netherlands

caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established model organism for toxicity testing of chemical substances. We recently demonstrated its potential for bioanalysis of the toxic potency of chemical contaminants in water. While many detoxification genes are homologues to those in mammalians, c. elegans is reported to be deficient in cytochrome cYP1-like P450 metabolism and that its aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) homolog encoded by ahr-1 purportedly does not interact with dioxins or any other known xenobiotic ligand. This suggests that c. elegans is insensitive for compounds that require bioactivation (indirectly acting compounds) and for dioxins or dioxin-like compounds. This study analysed genome-wide gene expression of the nematode in response to 30 mu M of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), Aroclor 1254 (PcB1254), and 10 mu M of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TcDD). After 24 h of exposure in the early L4 larval stage, microarray analysis revealed 182, 86, and 321 differentially expressed genes in the nematodes treated with 30 mu M of AFB1, B(a)P, and PcB1254, respectively. Among these genes, many encode xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and their transcription levels were among the highest-ranked fold-changed genes. Interestingly, only one gene (F59B1.8) was upregulated in the nematodes exposed to 10 mu M TcDD. Genes related to metabolic processes and catalytic activity were the most induced by exposure to 30 mu M of AFB1, B(a)P, and PcB1254. Despite the genotoxic nature of AFB1 and B(a)P, no differential expression was found in the genes encoding DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins. Analysis of con-centration-response curves was performed to determine the Lowest Observed Transcriptomic Effect Levels (LOTEL) of AFB1, B(a)P, and PcB1254. The obtained LOTEL values showed that gene expression changes in c. elegans are more sensitive to toxicants than reproductive effects. Overall, transcriptional responses of meta-bolic enzymes suggest that the nema

关键词： c elegans Gene expression Indirect-acting compounds Biotransformation Dioxin Genotoxic compounds

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Insight into cations substitution on structural and electrochemical properties of nanostructured Li2FeSiO4/c cathodes

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERIcAN cERAMIc SOcIETY 2020年第3期103卷 1685-1697页

作者： Sivaraj, Pazhaniswamy Abhilash, Karuthedath Parameswaran Nalini, Balakrishnan Selvin, Paneerselvam christopher Goel, Sunkulp Yadav, Sudheer Kumar Bharathiar Univ Dept Phys Solid State Ion & Luminescence Lab Coimbatore 641046 Tamil Nadu India NGM Coll Dept Phys Mat Res Ctr Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Herbert Gleiter Inst Nanosci Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Avinashilingam Inst Home Sci & Higher Educ Women Dept Phys Coimbatore 641043 Tamil Nadu India

Structural instability is the major obstacle in the Li2FeSiO4/c cathode during charge and discharge process, which can be improved by the substitution of cations in the host cage. In this study, the transition metal ions with different valence (Ag1+, Zn2+, cr3+, and Ti4+) have been substituted in Li2FeSiO4/c via modified sol-gel method and the impact on the structural, electrical, and electrochemical performances has been systematically explored. The Rietveld-refined XRD pattern and HR-TEM (SAED) result reveal that all the prepared samples maintain orthorhombic structure (S.G- Pmn2(1)). The FE-SEM and TEM micrographs of bare and doped Li2FeSiO4/c display nanoparticle formation with 20-40 nm size. Among different cation-substituted silicates, Li2Fe0.9Ti0.1SiO4/c sample exhibits an excellent total conductivity of 1.20 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) which is one order of magnitude higher than the bare Li2FeSiO4/c sample. The galvanostatic charge-discharge curves and cyclic voltammetric analysis reveal that the Li2Fe0.9Ti0.1SiO4/c material provides an excellent initial specific capacity of 242 mAh g(-1) and maintains a capacity of 226 mAh g(-1) after 50 cycles with capacity retention of 93.38%. The Ti doping is a promising strategy to overcome the capacity fading issues, by preventing the structural collapse during Li-ion intercalation/de-intercalation processes in the Li2FeSiO4/c electrode through the strong hybridization between the 3d and 4s orbitals in titanium and 2p orbital in oxygen.

关键词： doping electrochemical performance Li2FeSiO4 c lithium ion batteries nano cathode

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Effect of FeSO4 purity on low temperature performance of LiFePO4/c

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IONIcS 2020年第9期26卷 4433-4442页

作者： Wang, Xiaoyan Wen, Lizhi Zheng, Yi Ren, Xin Li, Yongsheng Liang, Guangchuan Hebei Univ Technol Inst Power Source & Ecomat Sci Tianjin 300130 Peoples R China North China Univ Sci & Technol Qinggong Coll Tangshan 063000 Peoples R China Tianjin Sino German Univ Appl Sci Automobile & Rail Transportat Sch Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Hebei Univ Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Special Funct Mat Ecol Environm & Informa Tianjin 300130 Peoples R China Hebei Univ Technol Key Lab New Type Funct Mat Hebei Prov Tianjin 300130 Peoples R China

LiFePO4/c was prepared by employing coprecipitation method and carbothermal reduction method using FeSO4 with different purity as the iron source. The purity of FeSO4 has a great influence on the morphology of FePO4, but has little effect on the morphology of LiFePO4/c. The cycling performance decreases with the decrease of purity, and purity has a significant effect on the specific discharge capacities at low temperature. The specific discharge capacities of the five samples at - 20 degrees c and 0.5 c were 85.3, 74.2, 65.5, 60.4, and 50.1 mAh g(-1), and the capacity retention rates were 53.3%, 47.1%, 42.9%, 38.7%, and 31.9%, respectively. Full battery low temperature performance test results validate the test results of coin cell. The Li+ diffusion coefficients are 4.53 x 10(-13), 2.02x 10(-13), 4.73 x 10(-14), 2.34x 10(-14), and 8.56 x 10(-15) cm(2) s(-1), respectively. D-Li(+) is reduced two orders of magnitude with reduction of raw material purity. This is mainly because the low-purity FeSO4 contains a large amount of Ti, which enters the LiFePO4/c crystal lattice, causing the lattice distortion to block the lithium ion diffusion channel. Therefore, improving the purity of raw materials is an important method to improve the low temperature performance of LiFePO4/c.

关键词： FeSO4 LiFePO4 c Purity Low temperature performance

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Functions of the tubulin code in the c. elegans nervous system

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MOLEcULAR AND cELLULAR NEUROScIENcE 2022年 123卷 103790页

作者： O'Hagan, Robert Avrutis, Alexandra Ramicevic, Ema Montclair State Univ Biol Dept Montclair NJ 07043 USA

Due to their elongated and polarized morphology, neurons rely on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for their shape, as well as for efficient intracellular transport that maintains neuronal function, survival, and connectivity. Although all MTs are constructed from alpha-and ll-tubulins that are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes, different MT networks within neurons exhibit different dynamics and functions. For example, molecular motors must be able to differentially recognize the axonal and dendritic MTs to deliver appropriate cargos to sensory endings and synaptic regions. The Tubulin code hypothesis proposes that MTs can be specialized in form and function by chemical differences in their composition by inclusion of different alpha-and ll-tubulins into the MT lattice, as well as differences in post-translational enzymatic modifications. The chemical differences encode information that allow MTs to regulate interactions with various microtubule-based molecular motors such as kinesins and dyneins as well as with structural microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which can, in turn, modify the function or stability of ***, we review studies involving c. elegans, a model organism with a relatively simple nervous system that is amenable to genetic analysis, that have contributed to our understanding of how the Tubulin code can specialize neuronal MT networks to establish differences in neuronal morphology and function. Such studies have revealed molecules and mechanisms that are conserved in vertebrates and have the potential to inform our understanding of neurological diseases involving defects in the cytoskeleton and intracellular transport.

关键词： Microtubule Tubulin cytoskeleton Tubulin code Neuron Genetics c elegans Glutamylation Acetylation Intracellular transport cilia Axoneme Molecular motors Extracellular vesicles Neuroregeneration

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To Tag, or Not to Tag: Translating c's Unions to Rust's Tagged Unions 24

To Tag, or Not to Tag: Translating C's Unions to Rust's Tagg...

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39th AcM/IEEE International conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Hong, Jaemin Ryu, Sukyoung Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798400712487

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712487

Automatic c-to-Rust translation is a promising way to enhance the reliability of legacy system software. However, c2Rust, an industrially developed translator, generates Rust code with unsafe features, undermining the translation's objective. While researchers have proposed techniques to remove unsafe features in c2Rust-generated code, these efforts have targeted only a limited subset of unsafe features. One important unsafe feature remaining unaddressed is a union, a type consisting of multiple fields sharing the same memory storage. Programmers often place a union with a tag in a struct to record the last-written field, but they can still access wrong fields. In contrast, Rust's tagged unions combine tags and unions at the language level, ensuring correct value access. In this work, we propose techniques to replace unions with tagged unions during c-to-Rust translation. We develop a static analysis that facilitates such replacement by identifying tag fields and the corresponding tag values. The analysis involves a must-points-to analysis computing struct field values and a heuristic interpreting these results. To enhance efficiency, we adopt intraprocedural function-wise analysis, allowing selective analysis of functions. Our evaluation on 36 real-world c programs shows that the proposed approach is (1) precise, identifying 74 tag fields with no false positives and only five false negatives, (2) mostly correct, with 17 out of 23 programs passing tests post-transformation, and (3) efficient, capable of analyzing and transforming 141k LOc in 4,910 seconds.

关键词： Rust c Automatic Translation Union Tagged Union

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Examination of survival, physiological parameters and immune response in relation to the thermo-resistant heterosis of hybrid oysters derived from crassostrea gigas and c. angulata

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AQUAcULTURE 2022年 559卷

作者： Jiang, Gaowei Zhou, Jianmin cheng, Geng Meng, Lingxin chi, Yong Xu, chengxun Li, Qi Ocean Univ China Key Lab Mariculture Minist Educ Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Lab Marine Fisheries Sci & Food Prod Proc Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

High temperature is an important environmental stressor leading to summer mass mortality of oysters. Significant survival heterosis in summer were observed in hybrids between two phylogenetically closely-related oysters, crassostrea gigas and c. angulata, but an explicit understanding of heterosis has been lacking. Here, we investigated the survival performance, oxygen consumption rate (OR) and enzyme activity (i.e., SOD, cAT and MDA) in c. gigas (GG), c. angulata (AA) and their hybrids c. gigas female x c. angulata male (GA) and c. angulata female x c. gigas male (AG) under acute heat stress containing five levels: 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 degrees c. compared with parental strains, the hybrid strains exhibited higher cumulative survival rate at all temperatures, indicating heterosis for thermal tolerance. cox regression analysis showed that hybrid strains challenged with heat shock exhibited lower hazard ratio and longer expected lifetime. Moreover, OR in hybrid strains were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in parental strains under 34 and 38 degrees c. Arrhenius break-point temperature (ABT) and temperature coefficient (Q10) revealed that hybrids had broader temperature range of aerobic metabolism and lower sensitivity to rising temperature. In addition, the activities of SOD and cAT of hybrid strains were significantly higher than the parental strains at 34 and 38 degrees c-level treatment after 6 h and at 34 degrees c-level treatment after 3 h, whereas the MDA content were reduced, indicating their stronger antioxidant capacity. Accordingly, the enhanced aerobic capacity and antioxidant ability of hybrids under high temperature may contribute to the improvement of thermal tolerance. Our findings can facilitate our understanding of the physiological and immune mechanisms underlying thermo-resistant heterosis and facilitate the breeding of thermo-resistant oyster varieties.

关键词： crassostrea gigas c angulata Heterosis in heat-resistance Oxygen consumption Enzymatic activities

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ZIF-8-derived ZnO/c decorated hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new composite electrode for supercapacitor application

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cOLLOID AND INTERFAcE ScIENcE cOMMUNIcATIONS 2022年 47卷

作者： Otun, Kabir O. Xaba, Morena S. Zong, Shuang Liu, Xinying Hildebrandt, Diane El-Bahy, Salah M. Alotaibi, Mohammed T. El-Bahy, Zeinhom M. Univ South Africa Coll Sci Engn & Technol Inst Dev Energy African Sustainabil Private Bag X6 Florida South Africa Kwara State Univ Dept Chem & Ind Chem PMB 1530 Ilorin Nigeria Hebei Univ Sci & Technol Int Joint Lab New Energy Shijiazhuang 050018 Hebei Peoples R China Univ Witwatersrand African Energy Leadership Ctr Wits Business Sch ZA-2193 Johannesburg South Africa Univ Witwatersrand Sch Chem Mol Sci Inst ZA-2050 Johannesburg South Africa Taif Univ Turabah Univ Coll Dept Chem POB 11099 At Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Al Azhar Univ Fac Sci Dept Chem Cairo 111884 Egypt

Due to the poor conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), it is challenging to directly employ MOFs as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWcNT) was used to decorate ZnO/c obtained from the prior calcination of pristine zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and applied as electrode material for supercapacitor application. The resulting ZnO/c@f-MWcNT electrode exhibits excellent storage performance, as confirmed by the specific capacitance of 650 F/g at 1 A/g and a superior energy/power density compared to the single electrode. Additionally, the composite electrode displayed remarkable cycling stability of 70% after 5000 cycles and retained 75% of its initial capacitance at 10 A/g, demonstrating good rate cyclability. The exceptional performance of ZnO/c@f-MWcNT was attributed to the synergistic effects offered by f-MWcNT which improved its electrical conductivity and ZnO/c that provided sufficient redox-active sites and structural stability. This work may promote the design of advanced MOF-based nanocomposites for energy storage application.

关键词： carbon nanotube Energy storage Metal-organic frameworks ZnO c Nanocomposite

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How ISO c became unusable for operating systems development 11

How ISO C became unusable for operating systems development

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11th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems

作者： Yodaiken, Victor E27182 Austin TX 78725 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450387071

The c programming language was developed in the 1970s as a fairly unconventional systems and operating systems development tool, but has, through the course of the ISO Standards process, added many attributes of more conventional programming languages and become less suitable for operating systems development. Operating system programming continues to be done in non-ISO dialects of c. The differences provide a glimpse of operating system requirements for programming languages.

关键词： operating systems programming languages c UNIX ISO-c compiler

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Insights into the c-H activation mechanism in the Rh(I)-catalyzed alkenylation of ketone with alkyne

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cOMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETIcAL cHEMISTRY 2022年 1212卷

作者： Tian, Ying-Ying Hu, Xiao-Xiao Liu, Sheng-Nan Liu, Jian-Biao chen, De-Zhan Shandong Normal Univ Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci Jinan 250014 Peoples R China

The mechanisms of the Rh(I)-catalyzed alkenylation reaction were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results show that the c-H activation of this reaction occurs through the metal hydride pathway rather than the general concerted metalation deprotonation (cMD) mechanism. The favorable metal -hydride pathway involves c-H oxidative addition, alkyne migratory insertion into Rh-H and c-c reductive elimination. Moreover, the consecutive migratory insertion into the Rh-H and c-c reductive elimination is kinetically more favorable than the alkyne migratory insertion into Rh-c and c-H reductive elimination. The cMD pathway is kinetically unfavorable due to the considerably higher barrier of several elementary steps. The improved mechanistic understanding will enable design of novel couplings between hydrocarbons and c-H bonds.

关键词： c H activation Reaction mechanism Alkenylation Density functional theory

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A perspective on c. elegans neurodevelopment: from early visionaries to a booming neuroscience research

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JOURNAL OF NEUROGENETIcS 2020年第3-4期34卷 259-272页

作者： Rapti, Georgia European Mol Biol Lab Unit Dev Biol Heidelberg Germany

The formation of the nervous system and its striking complexity is a remarkable feat of development. c. elegans served as a unique model to dissect the molecular events in neurodevelopment, from its early visionaries to the current booming neuroscience community. Soon after being introduced as a model, c. elegans was mapped at the level of genes, cells, and synapses, providing the first metazoan with a complete cell lineage, sequenced genome, and connectome. Here, I summarize mechanisms underlying c. elegans neurodevelopment, from the generation and diversification of neural components to their navigation and connectivity. I point out recent noteworthy findings in the fields of glia biology, sex dimorphism and plasticity in neurodevelopment, highlighting how current research connects back to the pioneering studies by Brenner, Sulston and colleagues. Multifaceted investigations in model organisms, connecting genes to cell function and behavior, expand our mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopment while allowing us to formulate emerging questions for future discoveries.

关键词： Neurodevelopment c elegans glia neurons pathfinding synapses plasticity dimorphism

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