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Assessing cardiovascular risk in hepatitis c: An unmet need

World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第19期7卷 2214-2219页

作者： Javier Ampuero Manuel Romero-Gómez Intercentre Unit of Digestive Diseases Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocio University Hospitals

chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, as a result of the progression towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, HcV seems to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases(cVD) due to its association with insulin resistance, diabetes and steatosis. HcV infection represents an initial step in the chronic inflammatory cascade, showing a direct rolein altering glucose metabolism. After achieving sustained virological response, the incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes dramatically decrease. HcV core protein plays an essential role in promoting insulin resistance and oxidative stress. On the other hand, atherosclerosis is a common disease in which the artery wall thickens due to accumulation of fatty deposits. The main step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques is the oxidation of low density lipoprotein particles, together with the increased production of proinflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-6, IL-18 or c-reactive protein]. The advent of new direct acting antiviral therapy has dramatically increased the sustained virological response rates of hepatitis c infection. In this scenario, the cardiovascular risk has emerged and represents a major concern after the eradication of the virus. consequently, the number of studies evaluating this association is growing. Data derived from these studies have demonstrated the strong link between HcV infection and the atherogenic process, showing a higher risk of coronary heart disease, carotid atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease and, ultimately, cVD-related mortality.

关键词： Hepatitis c Atherosclerosis coronary artery diseas

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Hepatitis c: Treatment of difficult to treat patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第15期7卷 1953-1963页

作者： Eric G Hilgenfeldt Alex Schlachterman Roberto J Firpi Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine Department of Gastroen-terology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida College of Medicine Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases and Trans-plantation University of Florida

Over the past several years, more so recently, treatment options for hepatitis c virus(HcV) have seemed to exponentially grow. Up until recently, the regimen of pegylated interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) stood as the standard of care. Direct acting antivirals, which target nonstructural proteins involved in replication and infection of HcV were first approved in 2011 as an addition to the peg-IFN and RBV regimen and with them have come increased sustained virological response rates(SVR). The previously reported 50%-70% SVR rates using the combination of peg-IFN and RBV are no longer the standard of care with direct acting antiviral(DAA) based regimens now achieving SVR of 70%-90%. PegIFN free as well as "all oral" regimens are also available. The current randomized controlled trials available show favorable SVRs in patients who are naive to treatment, non-cirrhotic, and not human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-co-infected. What about patients who do not fit into these categories? In this review, we aim to discuss the currently approved and soon to be approved DAAs while focusing on their roles in patients that are treatment experienced, cirrhotic, or co-infected with HIV. In this discussion, review of the clinical trials leading to recent consensus guidelines as well as discussion of barriers to treatment will occur. A case will attempt will be made that social services, including financial support and drug/alcohol treatment, should be provided to all HcV infected patients to improve chances of cure and thus prevention of late stage sequela.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Direct acting antiviral Human immunodeficiency virus cirrhosis Treatmentexperienced

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Manganese catalysts to Obtain Olefins from c 1 -c 4 Alkanes

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Procedia chemistry 2015年 15卷 14-20页

作者： S.I. Galanov O.I. Sidorova M.A. Gavrilenko O.B. Frants V.O. Nekhoroshev Y.D. Korolev A.V. Egoshina Tomsk Polytechnic University Lenin ave. 30 Tomsk 634050 Russia Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS 2/3 Akademichesky Ave. Tomsk 634055 Russia Tomsk State University Lenin ave. 36 Tomsk 634050 Russia

Oxidative transformations of c 1 -c 4 alkanes into olefins on oxide manganese catalysts were under study. We also studied oxidative coupling of methane (OcM) into ethylene on deposited and applied on the silicon dioxide catalysts. We studied the influence of chemical composition of catalyst and promotors on the OcM. Adding a little amount of ethane and propane hydrocarbons to methane allows increasing the concentration of ethylene in gases and significantly increasing productivity in ethylene. The study also shows the impact of the amount of manganese and promotors applied on SiO 2 on the yield of olefins during the conversion of c 3 -c 4 alkanes.

关键词： Manganese catalysts oxidative coupling of methane c 1 -c 4 alkanes

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Inhibition of Hepatitis c Virus Genotype 1a Non-Structural Proteins by Small Interference RNA in Human Hepatoma cell Lines

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第11期6卷 502-517页

作者： Imran Shahid Waleed Hassan AlMalki Shaia Saleh R. Almalki Ismail Muhammad AlTurkestany Hassan Ali AlGhamdi Saleh Ali AlMenshawi Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Albaha University Albaha Saudi Arabia Infection Control Pilgrims City Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia Toxicology Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia Toxiology Research Center Ministry of Interior Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis c virus (HcV) infection and associated liver diseases are still challenging and represent a significant health care burden around the world. Although, the treatment strategies have been improved by the development of novel direct-acting antivirals, but such therapeutic options are still expensive and beyond the financial range of the most infected individuals in developing or even in resource replete countries. It demands an urgent need to search novel and improved alternate treatment strategies to treat the infection. The present study was aimed to develop an in vitro stable cell culture system, persistently expressing HcV genotype 1a non-structural genes and to characterize the inhibitory effects of synthetic siRNAs (short interference RNA) directed against the most conserved regions of nonstructural genes in an in vitro cell culture model. The continuous expression of nonstructural genes for more than 30 days post transfection was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PcR) and Western blot analysis in stable human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7). The gene expression studies revealed significantly reduced gene expression of HcV nonstructural genes (i.e., NS2, NS4A and NS5A) both at mRNA and protein levels when treated against genome specific synthetic siRNAs in stable cell lines (51%, 47% and 54% respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, a vivid decrease in HcV viral titer was exhibited by synthetic siRNAs in an in vitro viral replicate cell culture model (58%, 48% and 50%, respectively, p < 0.05) determined by quantitative Real-Time PcR (qPcR). Our data indicate that siRNA mediated gene silencing may be considered a promising alternate treatment strategy against HcV in combination with other effective therapeutic regimens in future.

关键词： Hepatitis c Virus Non-Structural Proteins Stable cell Line Anti-HcV Drugs Short Interference RNA

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水肥耦合效应对楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c的影响

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西北植物学报 2015年第11期35卷 2290-2298页

作者：邱权李吉跃王军辉何茜苏艳马建伟吴俊文白晶晶华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院广州510642 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室北京100091 甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所甘肃天水741022

以楸树(catalpa bungei)无性系004-1苗木为研究对象,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过测定6、7和8月份20个处理楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c、总氮含量和总磷含量,建立数学模型,分析土壤水分、施氮量和... 详细信息

以楸树(catalpa bungei)无性系004-1苗木为研究对象,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过测定6、7和8月份20个处理楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c、总氮含量和总磷含量,建立数学模型,分析土壤水分、施氮量和施磷量的主因子效应、单因素效应及其耦合效应对叶片δ^(13)c的影响,以及叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c与其总氮含量和总磷含量的关系。结果表明:(1)楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c存在明显的月动态变化特征,总体上呈现出6月份高于7、8月份的趋势,20个处理苗木叶片δ^(13)c平均值(6~8月)变化范围介于-29.12‰^-26.60‰之间;(2)土壤水分对叶片δ^(13)c有显著负效应,施氮量对叶片δ^(13)c有显著正效应,并且施氮量主效应大于土壤水分主效应,但施磷量对叶片δ^(13)c无显著主效应;单因素效应分析表明,楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c随土壤水分或施氮量的增加均呈先增加后减小的"抛物线型"关系;土壤水分×施N量对楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c有显著耦合负效应,土壤水分和施氮量耦合效应图表明,叶片δ^(13)c随土壤水分降低、施氮量增加而逐渐增加;(3)6月、7月和8月份楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c与其叶片总氮含量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05;n=100),但叶片δ^(13)c与总磷含量无显著相关关系(P>0.05;n=100)。研究认为,楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c随生长期表现出动态变化特征,它受到土壤水分、水氮耦合的显著负向影响,以及施氮量的显著正向影响,可以通过合理水肥配施措施大幅提高楸树苗木δ^(13)c。

关键词：水肥耦合效应碳同位素组成δ^13 c 叶片养分数学模型楸树

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New biomarkers for clinical management of hepatitis c virus infected patients

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World Journal of clinical Infectious Diseases 2015年第4期5卷 59-66页

作者： Alessandra Biasiolo Andrea Martini Patrizia Pontisso Department of Medicine University of Padua

Hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) is the third most frequent oncological cause of death worldwide, principally a consequence of hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection and its prognosis is mostly poor. For early identification and surveillance of HcV patients with liver disease progression, the availability of suitable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is still an unmet clinical need. Alfa-fetoprotein together with imaging techniques is commonly used, however its specificity and sensitivity are not satisfactory. Several clinical and serological data have been proposed to define the risk of disease progression in HcV infected patients and new biomarkers have been proposed, including post-transcriptionally modified molecules and genetic biomarkers. The present editorial article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the new promising tools for effective early diagnosis of HcV-related liver disease progression and for the surveillance of Hcc.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus infection Biomarkers Liver disease progression Hepatocellular carcinoma

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New treatment strategies for hepatitis c infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第17期7卷 2100-2109页

作者： Fatih Ermis Elif Senocak Department of Gastroenterology Duzce University Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Duzce University Faculty of Medicine

Hepatitis c infection can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Achieving a sustained virological response has been the major aim for decades. Interferon treatment was the primarily developed therapy against the infection. Addition of the guanosine analog ribavirin to stop viral RNA synthesis increased the response rates as well as the adverse effects of the treatment. The increasing demands for alternative regimens led to the development of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs). The approval of sofosbuvir and simeprevir signaled a new era of antiviral treatment for hepatitis c infection. Although the majority of studies have been performed with DAAs in combination with interferon and resulted in a decrease in treatment duration and increase in response rates, the response rates achieved with interferon-free regimens provided hope for patients ineligible for therapy with interferon. Most DAA studies are in phase Ⅱ leading to phase Ⅲ. In the near future more DAAs are expected to be approved. The main disadvantage of the therapy remains the cost of the drugs. Here, we focus on new treatment strategies for hepatitis c infection as well as agents targeting hepatitis c virus replication that are in clinical development.

关键词： Direct-acting antivirals Eradication Genotype Hepatitis c virus infection Interferon-free Treatment

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Facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of stable and biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots from lemon grass herb

Facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of stable and biocompa...

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1st International conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IcNAN)

作者： Thota, Sai Praneeth Thota, Sai Manohar Bhagavatham, Saikrishna Srimadh Manoj, Kaja Sai Muthukumar, Vijaya Sayee Sai Venketesh, Sivaramakrishnan Vadlani, Praveen V. Belliraj, Siva Kumar Sri Sathya Sai Inst Higher Learning Dept Chem Res Mol Modelling Lab Prasanthinilayam 515134 Andhra Pradesh India Sri Sathya Sai Inst Higher Learning Dept Biosci Prasanthinilayam 515134 Andhra Pradesh India Sri Sathya Sai Inst Higher Learning Dept Phys Prasanthinilayam 515134 Andhra Pradesh India Kansas State Univ Dept Grain Sci & Ind Bioproc & Renewable Energy Lab Manhattan KS 66506 USA Kansas State Univ Dept Chem Engn Bioproc & Renewable Energy Lab Durland Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA

Luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials hold great promise due to their stable photo-physical behaviour, biocompatibility and lower toxicity. This work involves economic and facile one-pot green synthesis of water-soluble nanostructures from lemon grass (LGNS) [cymbopogon citratus (Dc) Stapf] as carbon source. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of LGNS with lattice spacing of 0.23nm matching low-dimensional graphitic structures. The strong absorption exhibited at 278nm could be attributed to ?-states of sp(2)/sp(3) hybridisation in carbon nanostructures. Fluorescence spectroscopy of LGNS exhibited strong excitation-dependent emission properties over a broad range of wavelengths from 300 to 600nm. Quantitatively, these LGNS were estimated to have quantum yield of 23.3%. Biomass derived LGNS could be potentially exploited for wide variety of applications like bioimaging, up-conversion, drug delivery and optoelectronic devices. To this extent, synthesised LGNS were used to image yeast cells via multicolour/multi-excitation fluorescence imaging.

关键词： fluorescence carbon nanofabrication photoluminescence toxicology transmission electron microscopy cellular biophysics biomedical optical imaging nanomedicine biomedical materials microorganisms liquid phase deposition one-pot hydrothermal synthesis biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots lemon grass herb luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials stable photophysical behaviour toxicity water-soluble nanostructures carbon source high-resolution transmission electron microscopy low-dimensional graphitic structures hybridisation carbon nanostructures fluorescence spectroscopy excitation-dependent emission properties biomass derived LGNS bioimaging drug delivery optoelectronic devices yeast cell image multicolour-multiexcitation fluorescence imaging c

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Application for Testing of Video and Subtitle Synchronization 3

Application for Testing of Video and Subtitle Synchronizatio...

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3rd IEEE International conference on Smart Systems and Technologies (SST)

作者： Kedacic, Davor Herceg, Marijan Pekovic, Vukota Mihic, Velibor RT RK Inst Comp Based Syst Osijek Croatia Fac Elect Engn Comp Sci & Informat Technol Osijek Croatia RT RK Inst Comp Based Syst Novi Sad Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538671894

The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television (HbbTV) has become very popular in the last few years because it provides richer and more interactive viewing experience to the end user. To obtain a HbbTV certificate, a device must satisfy some rules and norms. One of these rules is the subtitle and video synchronization of a given video content. Therefore, in this paper, a new application for checking the subtitle and video content synchronization is proposed. The algorithm is written in the programming language c and it consists of three modules. These modules are modules for reading XML files, a module for the video frame analysis, and report generation module.

关键词： HbbTV BBT subtitle frame QR c

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correlation between Vitamin c Deficiency and Hydroxyproline Amino Acid in Young children of Northern Part in Palestine

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第2期5卷 151-155页

作者： Maen Mahfouz Ismail Masri Haneen Mahfouz Yara Mahfouz Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Dental School Arab American University Jenin Palestine Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences Dental School Arab American University Jenin Palestine Biomedical Department Central Public Health Lab Palestinian Ministry of Health Ramallah Palestine Dental Department Al Zafer Hospital Najran Saudi Arabia

Vitamin c is a water soluble vitamin found in many natural sources, citric fruits, vegetables, particularly as antioxidants and as a factor to catabolism and metabolism. The aim of this article is to correlate the level of vitamin c and the hydroxyproline level in urine samples among young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years. Materials and Methods: Urine samples of 34 individuals of both sexes, their ages ranged from 5 - 14 years were collected and analyzed for determination of Urinary Hydroxyproline by using Modified Neuman and Logan Method. The result of this study shows a significant correlation between Vitamin c and Hydroxyproline at level 0.01. The conclusion of this study was that low vitamin c intake was found among young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years, Vitamin c should be supplemented in the drinks taken by young palestinian children from age 5 - 14 years as well as further research and investigation with large samples required to include all children from middle and southern Palestine.

关键词： Vitamin c Hydroxyproline Palestinian children

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